A winged word
As a household word in is linguistics a recyclable to a specific source citation refers to this as a phrase input in the general usage has found. This often includes concise formulations of complicated facts or life experiences that are aptly "brought to the point". Winged words can u. a. take the form of aphorisms , bon mots , gnomes , sentences , sayings and proverbs .
origin
In European cultures, sources are often Latin or Greek idioms , as well as quotations from the Bible, in German especially in the version of Luther's translation . One example is Winged Words (Greek: ἔπεα πτερόεντα - épea pteróenta ) itself. It occurs 46 times in the Iliad and 58 times in the Odyssey , and means spoken words that reach the listener's ears "on wings".
Chinese , for example, has a particularly rich treasure trove of winged words , which originally used exactly one character for each term ( isolating language ). There proverbs , excellent quotations and allusions from the entire classical literature as well as naturalized pictorial or onomatopoeic figures gradually form a lexical polysyllabic vocabulary (lexemes), so that modern Chinese is predominantly structured in polysyllabic practice.
Concept history
The Middle High German poet Heinrich von Meißen describes the proverb as a fully fledged word, as a word that can grow wings.
In his epic The Messiah of 1742, Klopstock used the phrase:
"He spoke winged words to them, then he sent them out among the retreating people."
Even Johann Heinrich Voss uses these words in his famous Homer adaptations. They are the loan translation of ἔπεα πτερόεντα "words with wings". Only since the publication of Georg Büchmann's collection of quotations, Winged Words in 1864, has the expression been used in the sense of
"Literarily verifiable, generally familiar phrases that have passed into the general vocabulary of the people ."
Büchmann's successor Walter Robert-tornow specified the term in the 14th edition published by him in 1884
"A winged word is a phrase, expression or name that is constantly cited in broader circles of the fatherland, regardless of the language, whose historical author or literary origin can be proven"
The location of a quotation that gives the best-known formulation of a state of affairs that has historically become a standing phrase is called the locus classicus. This expression is also common for scientific statements or legal conclusions, for example.
literature
- Georg Büchmann : Winged words. The treasure trove of quotations of the German people. Haude and Spener , Berlin 1864 (first edition, 220 pages).
- Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Wander (Hrsg.): German Proverbs Lexicon. Brockhaus , Leipzig 1867–1880, 5 volumes (25,765 articles).
- Alfred Hermann Fried : Lexicon of German citations , Reclam-Verlag , Leipzig 1888, later editions by Aischines Verlag, as well as by Hansebooks and Salzwasser-Verlag GmbH
- Hans Ermann: winged melodies. A treasure trove of quotes from the opera to the light muse . Horst Erdmann Verlag, Tübingen and Basel, 1968
- Kurt Böttcher (Ed.): Winged words. Quotes, sentences and concepts in their historical context. Bibliographical Institute, Leipzig 1981.
- Johannes John: Reclam's Citations Lexicon . Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam jun., 1992. ISBN 3-15-028839-8
- Winged words. The standard work . Droemer Knaur , Munich 2001, ISBN 3-426-07502-4 .
- Klaus Bartels : Veni vidi vici. Winged words from Greek and Latin . dtv , Munich 2001. ISBN 3-423-20167-3 .
- Christoph Gutknecht : Lots of pointed tongues. Winged words and their story . CH Beck , Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-45965-X .
- Peter Ustinov : Peter Ustinov's winged words . List, 2001, ISBN 3-548-60183-9
- The great book man. Winged words . Knaur, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-426-66751-7 .
- Lutz Röhrich : Lexicon of proverbial sayings. Volume 1-3 Herder, 2003, ISBN 3-451-05400-0
- Dudenredaktion (ed.): Big names, important quotations. Origin, meaning and current use. Duden-Verlag, Mannheim 2004, ISBN 3-411-70391-1 .
- Annemarie Maeger, Siegfried Fenske: Schiller for pupils and students. Texts, poems and winged words to get to know . Annemarie Maeger Verlag, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-929805-31-6
- Der Neue Büchmann - winged words. The classic treasure trove of quotes . Ullstein Verlag , Berlin 2007, ISBN 3-548-36953-7 .
- The large lexicon of the proverbial sayings of Lutz Röhrich . Herder Publishing House , Freiburg (im Breisgau) 2003, ISBN 3-451-05400-0 )
- Christa Pöppelmann: Who said what? The most famous sayings & quotations and what's behind them . Compact Verlag , Munich, 2008. ISBN 978-3-8174-6090-8
- Elke Donalies: Basic knowledge of German phraseology . UTB, Volume 3193. Francke, Tübingen / Basel 2009.
- Dudenredaktion (ed.): Quotes and sayings. 4th, revised and expanded edition. Dudenverlag, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-411-04124-4 . (= The Duden in twelve volumes - Volume 12; origin, meaning and use of 7,500 citations from antiquity to today)
Web links
- Winged words , 26th edition (digitally in various formats)
- Definition at aphorismen.de
- You can build on these phrases. sueddeutsche.de , May 19, 2010
Individual evidence
- ↑ Use of the term in Homer (English)
-
^ Zhu Jinyang, Karl-Heinz Best: On the word in modern Chinese. In: Oriens Extremus Vol. 35, No. 1/2 (1992), pp. 45-60 ( Repro, pdf , oriens-extremus.org; online , jstor.org);
cf. also Ulrich Unger: Rhetoric of Classical Chinese. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1994, ISBN 9783447036160 ( limited preview in Google book search). - ^ Locus classicus . In: Merriam-Webster , online (accessed May 24, 2017).