Nederlandse Spoorwegen
| Nederlandse Spoorwegen
|
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|---|---|
 |
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| legal form | Naamloze vennootschap ( joint stock company ) |
| founding | 1938 |
| Seat | Utrecht , Netherlands |
| management | Roger van Boxtel (since August 1, 2015) |
| Number of employees | 36,600 |
| sales | 5.9 billion euros |
| Branch | Transport of passengers and goods, maintenance of the infrastructure |
| Website | ns.nl |
| Status: 2018 | |
The Nederlandse Spoorwegen NV (abbreviation NS ; German Dutch Railways AG ) are the state railroad company of the Netherlands , which - like the Deutsche Bahn AG - is a legally independent public limited company (state owned). The railway network is not owned by NS, but outsourced to ProRail under the supervision of the Ministry of Transport. The NS offer around 4,800 train journeys every day, in which around 1.1 million passengers are transported.
history
Due to the First World War , a special purpose association of the independent railway companies HSM or HIJSM ( Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij ) and SS ( Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen ) was founded in 1917 . The two companies set up a joint railway company, but remained legally independent. This changed in 1938 when HIJSM and SS completely merged and merged into AG NS ( Nederlandse Spoorwegen , previously written Nederlandsche Spoorwegen ).
During the German occupation of the Netherlands , the Nederlandse Spoorwegen were entrusted with the transport of the Jews captured in the Westerbork transit camp . They were brought by train from the places where they had been rounded up or arrested to Westerbork and from there in collective transports that were taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn at the state border to the extermination camps . On the basis of a warning letter from the railway administration to the Reich Commissariat for the occupied Dutch territories, Reichskommissariat Netherlands, from 1944 because of unpaid transport of Jews, the Dutch historian Johannes Houwink ten Cate calculated that the NS had earned around 409,000 guilders from the transport of Jews. In November 2018 the Nederlandse Spoorwegen offered the survivors of the Holocaust and their families compensation after fierce resistance.
On April to May strike in 1943, the employees of the participating Nederlandse Spoorwegen not.
On February 19, 1993, the government agreed that the railway company should be largely independent. The annual operating aid of around 450 million guilders should be discontinued by the year 2000. The NS were also given the opportunity to set their own fares from 1994 onwards. The infrastructure was outsourced to the new company ProRail , which from then on was to receive state subsidies for infrastructure costs of around one billion guilders per year.
The freight transport division of NS (formerly NS Cargo ) has not been owned by NS since 2003 and now operates as DB Cargo Nederland NV
Route network
The NS operate the traffic on a very dense route network that has been served nationwide in regular intervals for decades, which served as a model for many European railways. Two to four trains an hour regularly connect all major cities in the country; Up to twelve trains per hour run between the four largest cities of Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague and Utrecht .
Most of the route network in the Netherlands, which is operated by ProRail, is electrified (73.5% or 2064 km, as of 2004). With the exception of the HSL Zuid and the Betuweroute , the electrical voltage is 1500 volts direct voltage (comparison: Germany: 15,000 volts, 16 2/3 Hz alternating voltage).
structure
The NS are mainly active in five business areas. NS Reizigers , NS International and Abellio operate passenger transport. NedTrain is responsible for maintaining the trains. The passenger stations in the Netherlands are operated by NS Stations .
NS Reizigers
This division is responsible for domestic passenger traffic. With over 10,000 employees and a turnover of around two billion euros, it is the largest division of NS. A distinction is made between several types of train in passenger transport in the Netherlands:
- the Intercity connects the larger cities of the country and in regular intervals
- Sprinter is the name of the basic local transport service that usually stops everywhere.
- The train types Sneltrein (stopped a little more frequently than the Intercity) and Stoptrein (formerly basic service in local transport) have only been in use by private railway companies since December 2012 and have gradually been replaced by the Intercity and the Sprinter with the NS .
All long-distance trains (intercity, international trains) are operated by NS Reizigers . In regional transport, the routes are advertised by the provinces and, if necessary, awarded to private companies such as Keolis Nederland , Veolia or Arriva .
There is an hourly night network between Utrecht and Rotterdam via Amsterdam - Schiphol Airport - The Hague.
With the timetable change on December 10, 2006, the symmetry time for the regular timetables on most routes was brought into line with the minute: 58.5 that is common in most other European countries. Previously this was different at minute: 46; this created problems with cross-border trains.
NS International
NS International (until June 2014 NS Hispeed ) is responsible for domestic high-speed traffic and international travel. In connection with the debacle surrounding the disused AnsaldoBreda V250 high-speed trains , the Dutch Minister of Transport decided to merge NS Hispeed with NS Reizigers from October 2013.
The international connections (formerly under NS Internationaal ) are carried out in cooperation with European partners. In cooperation with Deutsche Bahn AG every two hours drive ICE International trains ICE line 78 between Amsterdam and Frankfurt , at times up to Basel SBB and every two hours IC trains the IC line 77, in the Netherlands and IC Called Berlijn , between Amsterdam Centraal and Berlin via Osnabrück and Hanover. With the City Night Line there were direct connections to Vienna, Copenhagen, Berlin, Prague, Zurich (in winter also to Brig) and Munich (in winter also to Garmisch-Partenkirchen). The Jan Kiepura EuroNight line connected Amsterdam with Warsaw, Minsk and Moscow every day. In cooperation with the French SNCF , Thalys connections are also offered from Amsterdam via Schiphol Airport to Brussels and Paris. Locomotive-hauled intercity trains also operate as IC Brussel from Amsterdam to Brussels.
Abellio
The wholly-owned subsidiary Abellio Transport Holding BV (formerly NedRailways ) bundles foreign activities in regional rail and bus transport. Abellio is currently active in the UK and Germany. At times they were also represented in the Czech Republic .
NedTrain
NedTrain BV maintains trains from NS Reizigers, NS Hispeed and other railway companies. Trains are also being modernized.
NS stations
This subsidiary is a railway infrastructure company and is responsible for over 400 passenger stations. An average of 2.2 million travelers get on and off there every day.
Holdings
The NS are involved in the following companies:
- HTM Personenvervoer (49%), local transport company from The Hague
- OV-fiets (a bike rental system )
Services
The Nederlandse Spoorwegen reimbursement guidelines for customers in the event of train delays can be considered exemplary throughout Europe : the company reimburses 50 percent of the fare for long-distance and local transport if the train is delayed for 30 minutes or more, and the full fare for 60 minutes or more. This also applies if the disruption was not caused by oneself ( accident , rail suicide ). Exceptions only apply if force majeure is involved (for example: national power failure) or the delay due to construction works has been announced in advance. Amounts less than 2.20 euros (as of June 2008) will not be reimbursed. International tickets have a more restrictive refund policy and are refunded through NS Hispeed.
vehicles
Already on January 7, 1958, the 3737 locomotive was driving the last steam- hauled train of the NS, making it the first European state railway to cease steam operations. Since the 1940s, the NS has mainly been using multiple units for passenger transport. The international passenger train traffic, on the other hand, apart from the TEE traffic, was carried out with locomotive-hauled trains, as the NS electric railcars were not able to run under the electricity systems of neighboring countries. However, since 1996, multi-system Thalys railcars have been operating to Belgium and France, and since 2000 ICE 3M railcars have also been operating to Germany.
Famous multiple units were:
- DE 5: 160 km / h fast five-part diesel multiple units for city traffic outside the electrified network
- ELD 4: four-part electric multiple units with a speed of 125 km / h for regional traffic
- DE 1001–1003 RAm (retired): Together with the SBB , five of these diesel multiple units were procured around 1957, three of which belonged to the NS.
- AnsaldoBreda V250
Vehicles at NS Reizigers:
- Thalys PBKA
- ICE 3M
- NS class 1600/1800 , class 1700 (electric locomotives for passenger and freight transport)
- VIRM (formerly "Regiorunner", double-decker multiple units for intercity traffic)
- ICMm (intercity railcar)
- Mat '64 (electric multiple unit from the 1960s for regional traffic)
- SGMm (modernized electric multiple units for regional traffic)
- DD-AR and NID (double-decker railcars for regional traffic, currently being converted to an intercity vehicle)
- SLT (railcars for regional traffic)
- Flirt 3 (railcars for regional traffic)
- Dm90 diesel multiple unit ("Buffel") for regional traffic
- SNG (railcars for regional traffic)
See also
- OV-chipkaart , the NS electronic ticket system
- Rail team
literature
- Martin van Oostrom: The small internal combustion engines of the Dutch railways . In: Lok-Magazin . No. 84 . Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, W. Keller & Co. , 1977, ISSN 0458-1822 , p. 228-233 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Employing Roger van Boxtel bij NS published. In: nieuws.ns.nl. Nederlandse Spoorwegen NV, June 8, 2018, accessed February 1, 2019 (Dutch).
- ↑ NS Profiel van. In: nsjaarverslag.nl. Nederlandse Spoorwegen NV, accessed March 6, 2019 (Dutch).
- ↑ 2018 in een notendop. In: nsjaarverslag.nl. Nederlandse Spoorwegen NV, accessed March 6, 2019 (Dutch).
- ↑ "NS earn 2.5 miljoen euro aan jodentransporten" . In: Brandpunt, January 27, 2015, accessed on January 3, 2019.
- ↑ NS gaan schadevergoedingen betalen wegens vervoer Joden naar kampen . Trouw , November 27, 2018, accessed on January 3, 2019. Also: No festive farewell. After years of refusal ... to compensate , by Tobias Müller, jungle world , July 27, 4, 2018, p. 15
- ↑ Report Netherlands: The railway is largely independent . In: Railway technical review . 42, No. 7/8, 1993, p. 432
- ↑ a b NS Hispeed wordt samengevoegd met NS Reizigers. Novum Nieuws / Treinreiziger.nl, July 11, 2013, accessed on September 26, 2013 (Dutch).
- ↑ Abellio Group Head Office | Abellio. Retrieved January 5, 2019 .
- ↑ Abellio groeit en bloeit: evenveel passagiers as NS Reizigers. In: treinreiziger.nl. Retrieved November 9, 2015 .