OV-chipkaart

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OV-chipkaart reader of the NS
Train with an advertisement for the OV-chipkaart

The OV-chipkaart ( OV stands for Openbaar Vervoer , German  public transport ) is a card for electronic payment transactions and the regulation of access authorization for public transport in the Netherlands . In restricted-access areas in train and metro stations, the OV-chipkaart serves as access authorization for temporary stays in these sections.

In order to be able to use the OV chip card as a valid ticket, each journey must be registered. This is done at the start, destination or transfer station by reading the card using a corresponding card reader of the transport company that provides the transport service on the section in question. To do this, the card must have a balance (in euros) or a suitable travel product, e.g. B. a subscription.

Children up to 4 years of age do not need such a card.

The advantage of the OV chip card is that the traveler can travel practically throughout the country with one card without having to worry about different tariffs and payment methods.

The OV-chipkaart system produced by Trans Link Systems (TLS) is largely based on the Octopus card used in Hong Kong . From 2005, after a series of attempts, the nationwide introduction began, which was completed nationwide in 2012. The first attempts with electronic payment systems in public transport in the Netherlands began as early as 1980 to 1989, e.g. B. the Siemens magnetic card and the Tripperpas.

validity

The OV chip card is valid on city and intercity buses, trains, Amsterdam , Hague and Rotterdam trams , the Utrecht light rail , Amsterdam and Rotterdam metro and on the Fast Flying Ferry, Veolia Transport Fast Ferries and Waterbus Rotterdam-Drechtsteden.

Exceptions:

  • The OV chip card is not yet valid on most of the Buurtbus lines ( citizens' bus ), as is the case with the earlier national collective tickets ( Nationale strippenkaart ). Here, a paper ticket must still be purchased against payment of a separate citizen's bus tariff. The OV chip card is increasingly valid on some citizen bus routes. In addition to permanently installed readers, mobile terminals are sometimes used to recognize the chip card.
  • The OV chip card cannot be used in regional taxis, which are counted as public transport.
  • The OV chip card is not accepted in most night buses; more expensive paper tickets usually have to be purchased.
  • In principle, the OV chip card is valid in public transport within the national borders. A number of exemptions apply on certain lines in border traffic that are operated either exclusively or in cooperation with Dutch companies. See #Travel outside the Netherlands .

Definition of terms

Below is an alphabetical overview of the most frequently used terms for the OV chip card with a brief explanation. Terms that represent a link refer to a more detailed explanation.

designation Explanation
Anonymous OV-chipkaart OV chip card that does not contain any personal data and therefore cannot be used by several people at the same time.
Anti-passback time Forced blocking time between two consecutive holding processes as protection against multiple actions: Since the reading devices can technically carry out both a registration and a deregistration process ( explained below as check-in and check-out ), it would be possible for a passenger who starts his journey and wants to register to log off immediately by inadvertently holding the card up again.
Automatic charging This function automatically reloads the balance as soon as the balance falls below a certain limit. Automatic recharging is only possible with a personal OV chip card and must be activated separately.
Base tariff The basic tariff is a nationwide uniform amount in euros that is charged in addition to the kilometer tariff in all transport companies - with the exception of trains of the Nederlandse Spoorwegen and Arriva trains on the northern branch lines, regardless of the length of the journey, in order to be allowed to use public transport. In 2013 this balance was EUR 0.86. In the case of an age reduction (children between 4 and 11 years of age as well as seniors over 65 years of age) this tariff is reduced by 34%. If a change is made during a journey, no later than 35 minutes after the end of the previous journey, the basic rate will not be charged again.
Degressive tariff A separate tariff system for NS and Arriva companies. Switching between two companies or detours are relatively expensive.
check in To log in (so-called check-in; transcription from the English check-in; Dutch check-in ), the OV chip card is held in front of the card reader so that the system knows both the start point and the start time. The card reader can be located in an access control (e.g. automatic pedestrian barriers in some train and metro stations), on a specially installed stele on the platform or, in the case of bus traffic, directly in the vehicle.
Entry tariff A deposit that is automatically deducted from the card when you register (check in) at the start of the journey (except for subscriptions, which are always valid everywhere). The deposit will be deducted from the actual fare when you deregister (check out) at the end of the journey. The amount of the deposit depends on the type of transport (bus, train, etc.)
Ticket price (Kaartbijdrage) The amount that has to be paid once when purchasing a new OV chip card is currently normally € 7.50. The price may vary due to special offers.
Card reader (Kaartlezer) Device on which the registration and deregistration process ( internal check ) is carried out, recognizable by the pink OV chip card logo.
Kilometer tariff When traveling with credit (as opposed to subscriptions), a price is calculated (in addition to the basic tariff) per kilometer traveled. If the distance of a trip is e.g. B. 10 kilometers, 10 times the price per kilometer is billed. In the case of age reductions for children from 4 to 11 years of age or seniors over 65 years of age, this tariff is reduced by 34%. The kilometer tariff is not uniform across the country, but varies both by region and by route. NS and Arriva use a different tariff system.
Pick-up / charger (Ophaal- en / of oplaadautomaat) Machine where you can either directly load a credit or a specific travel product onto the card or pick up a pre-ordered travel product and load it onto the card. In buses in particular, many devices only have the pick-up function.
Charging (Opladen) Load a travel product or cash credit onto the OV chip card. This is done via a charger, pick-up device or the ticket office of a transport company.
OV chip card A card made of plastic or cardboard with an RFID chip in the standard ISO 7810 format.
OV chip card system The technology behind the OV chip card and the operation in the form of hardware, software and rules.
Change (overstap) Switching to another public transport vehicle while driving. Separate rules apply to switching with the OV chip card.
Right of passage The law of passage, best known in German as a pass, enables the owner of an OV chip card to access restricted areas e.g. B. to visit a train station without taking a trip yourself. It can be used to accompany another person to the start of the journey or to pick them up on arrival in order to go shopping or visit hotels or restaurants or to go to another platform or to be able to cross the train station. It is comparable to a platform ticket , but without incurring any costs if used correctly.
Personal OV-chipkaart (Persoonlijke OV-chipkaart) This form of chip card is provided with name and passport photo and can only be used by the cardholder. Suitable for personal discounts such as B. Price reductions (automatic top-up with age discount).
Travel product A specific offer for public transport, e.g. B. a monthly subscription, so an electronically loaded ticket.
Travel with credit Payment for the trip with cash credit loaded onto the chip card before the start of the trip.
Travel with NS credit In the bus, tram and metro, you can start your desired journey immediately after loading the card with the required minimum balance as cash. However, this is not possible on NS trains. Rather, the travel product corresponding to the trip must be ordered on the Nederlandse Spoorwegen website. When loading the travel product at a collection machine, you can choose between 1st and 2nd class.

The car class can be changed later at a NS ticket machine. Once you have checked in, you cannot change the car class. A permanent change of class (e.g. for a specific daily route to work) can be requested via the NS website.

Transaction overview The transaction overview lists all or part of the trips made, as well as the current balance and the travel products already booked on the card.
Check out (Uitchecken) At the end of the journey, the OV-chipkaart is held up to a card reader again so that the end point of the journey is communicated to the system. The card readers are located at the security gates, on platforms at a stele or, especially in buses, in the vehicle.
One-way card (Wegwerpkaart) This card is only valid with one transport company - usually only for a short time. This type of OV-chipkaart is mainly in use in the Amsterdam and Rotterdam area, in particular to enable tourists and casual travelers to use the system.

Chip in the OV-chipkaart

The inside of an OV-chipkaart in transmitted light. Outside: antenna, bottom right: the chip

The OV-chipkaart contains an RFID chip that can be written on and read at a distance of around 10 cm. However, there are differences between the card readers of the various transport companies, as a result of which the card has to be guided much closer together with some machines, including the yellow devices in the buses of Arriva, Veolia and Syntus.

The chip in the card is relatively sensitive, so it is advisable to handle it with care. Unless there are many other cards and in particular no other OV-chipkaart in a wallet, the chip is usually powerful enough to be read and written without removing it. However, the card should not be carried unprotected in your pocket. Similar to a cell phone pocket, special belt fastenings are available for the chip card, which offer protection against damage and theft. The passenger is often not reimbursed for additional travel costs due to a badly damaged chip card (if a subscription is booked on the card). Every week around 1,500 requests for replacement of the chip card are received. Reasons are usually change of address e.g. B. by moving, a lost or stolen card or visible and invisible defects.

Also, some chip cards sent in as defective show no damage, as they were blocked at the time of a top-up process due to previous payment arrears, and the card may have a negative balance or the passenger has repeatedly forgotten to check out in a certain region.

Card variants

Anonymous OV-chipkaart (Anonieme OV-chipkaart)

  • Not personal, therefore does not contain any personal data.
  • Non-personal, can be used by anyone.
  • No trip for several people at the same time
  • Selling at ticket offices of transport companies (e.g., but not only, in train stations), partly in tobacco and stationery shops or in supermarkets and partly in vehicles. Every transport company can issue chip cards with their own imprint. The standard chip card is blue.
  • Can only be topped up with non-personal products (e.g. single or multi-trip tickets, day tickets),
  • In some cases, a higher deposit must be paid when checking in (see also entry tariff / deposit ) and is
  • Valid for four to five years. When it expires, the card must be replaced. Since the card is anonymized, no information can be sent in this regard.

Personal OV-chipkaart (Persoonlijke OV-chipkaart)

  • Each involved authority (e.g. transport company or the provincial administration) issues personalized cards with their own imprint. The standard personal chip card is yellow.
  • Card with name, date of birth and passport photo, thus personal,
  • suitable for personal and non-personal subscriptions and discounts,
  • Online overview of trips made and their costs ("Mijn ov-chipkaart" and "Mijn NS"),
  • Blocking in the event of loss or theft,
  • paid order via transport company or the OV-chipkaart website,
  • also available for people residing in Belgium, Germany and Luxembourg (only via the OV-chipkaart website, payment only with iDeal, PayPal or credit card).
  • The countries mentioned offer a national telephone contact
  • The card will be sent by post to the address of residence.
  • Valid for five years, approximately six weeks before the card expires, the holder will receive a notification by post stating how a new card can be ordered. An updated (digital) passport photo is required for the new card. Travel products will be transferred to the new card and cash will be refunded to the holder's bank account for an administrative fee.
  • The acquisition costs are 7.50 euros. The cost of replacement before the expiry date (e.g. loss, theft, visible defects or changes to personal data) is 11 euros.

One-way card (Wegwerpkaart)

RET day ticket as a one-way ticket, 2016

In addition to the cards mentioned above, a one-way card in paper form / cardboard is also available in certain regions. This card has a preset validity (e.g. one journey without changing trains, valid for a fixed period of time for hours or days). The products that contain these disposable cards can usually be loaded onto the anonymous or personal chip card.

The one-way chip card is currently used in particular in the city traffic of Rotterdam ( RET ) and Amsterdam ( Gemeentevervoerbedrijf ). The NS Dal Vrij Dagkaart (a day ticket valid only outside the rush hour ( Dal ) from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. and 6:30 p.m. to 6:30 a.m.) was also available as a one-way ticket as part of a campaign. Furthermore, these are issued on certain one-off occasions or on replacement routes during track construction work.

The one-way card is often more expensive than traveling with credit. For example, a ticket for an hour or two must be purchased for a short trip. For longer journeys, on the other hand, this can be an advantage, as can the purchase of a day pass, as the OV-chipkaart, unlike the Oyster Card, does not have a daily cost cap.

Group key card (Sleutelkaart gezelschap)

At the RET in Rotterdam, a so-called groepssleutelkaart (“group key card”) is available for groups against a deposit of 25 euros . With this card, the pedestrian barriers can be released at the corresponding stops (subway stations). The key card is not a ticket; a separate group card in paper form is required for this.

Remarks

Age reduction

On the basis of the date of birth, the personal OV-chipkaart enables the use of price reductions based on the age of the owner, provided the conditions are met. As a rule, it is not necessary to book a travel product for this.

  • Children up to and including 3 years travel for free.
  • Children from the age of 4 up to and including 11 years of age travel at 34% discount on buses, trams (trams) and metro (underground) and 40% discount on trains. We recommend buying a Railrunner card when traveling with an adult.
  • Discount for students ( student travel product): In the discount period (semester), students receive 34% discount on buses, trams and metro and 40% discount on trains.
  • Seniors over 65 years of age ( 65-plusers ): 34% discount on buses, trams and metro. When you reach the age of 65, the discount is automatically activated as a travel product, further steps on the part of the holder are not necessary. The Voordeelurenabonnement, Dal Voordeel and Altijd Voordeel are available as a further travel product for seniors over 60 years of age on selected days. The days are freely selectable, a maximum of seven days are available per subscription.

Age-related price reductions are only available with a personal card, the anonymous chip card no longer entitles you to do so (as was previously the case in the form of a pink stripe card). This leads to problems for occasional travelers and for passengers from abroad who, in principle, are entitled to an age reduction but do not have a personal chip card. The chip card is also not available to tourists unless they are resident in Belgium, Germany or Luxembourg. The topic was discussed on March 16, 2011 between the governing parties GroenLinks and VVD . The parties advocate the introduction of an additional, non-personal “pink chip card” for senior citizens. The Dutch passenger association Rover also called for the pink chip card to be introduced for children as well. It should be noted that on Dutch trains, a distinction is made between children traveling alone and accompanied children who can be taken along cheaply with a Railrunner card.

Automatic charging (automatic charging)

One of the advantages of the personal chip card is the ability to activate automatic top-up:

  • The function can be ordered via the webshop and loaded onto the card at the pick-up machine.
  • The function is only possible in connection with a Dutch bank account.
  • Balance will be automatically charged as soon as
    • the credit at check-in (minus the applicable entry tariff ) is less than 5 euros,
    • the credit is less than the entry-level tariff. The first time the check-in attempt fails, automatic top-up is called. The credit is automatically loaded on the second check-in attempt. This is not yet possible in vehicles whose readers do not yet have a direct connection with the control center (e.g. in some trams).
    • If the fare of the trip would also consume the entry fare on the card when checking out.
  • The loaded amount is debited by direct debit from the bank account linked to the card. If the debiting process fails, the cardholder will be sent a payment reminder, possibly a second payment reminder. If the cardholder does not respond to the request, a debt collection agency is called in and the card is blocked. As soon as the arrears have been settled, the card can be activated on a charger. The card will be blocked immediately in the event of a payment arrears of more than 60 euros.
  • Top-up amounts are 10, 20 or 50 euros per top-up process, depending on the region, transport company and travel plan.
Examples of automatic charging
  • The entry-level bus fare is 4 euros. The credit on the card is 8 euros. After checking in, the credit is less than 5 euros and the automatic top-up process starts.
  • The entry tariff for full-paying guests is 20 euros. The credit on the card is 15 euros. In this case it is not possible to check in because the credit is less than the entry tariff. If the card is held in front of the reader, the device reports "onvoldoene saldo" ( insufficient credit ), but at the same time the top-up process is started and the credit topped up accordingly. If you repeatedly hold the card in front of the reader, check-in will work.

Automatic charging has the disadvantage that it does not provide protection against errors in handling the system that are associated with costs. One advantage is that there is no risk of insufficient credit.

acquisition cost

Occasional travel with the OV-chipkaart is relatively expensive due to the purchase and possible replacement costs. In other European countries, e.g. B. in England and Switzerland, as well as in other countries, z. B. Singapore and Japan, the electronic card is free or the purchase price will be refunded on return.

At the time the card was introduced, there were offers of a free chip card or cards at a lower price in some areas. If you buy a nationwide rail pass, you can get the OV-chipkaart at no extra charge.

privacy

In the case of the personal chip card, all trips made are systematically registered and can be linked to the cardholder. Although transaction data and personal data are stored in separate databases, they can be compared by authorized authorities if necessary. For most people, this is not a fundamentally new situation; travel routes can also theoretically be tracked via mobile phones by constantly changing base stations. Nevertheless, the data on the cell phone is only accessible to the telecommunications company and not to the transport company, and it is also possible to switch off a cell phone for the duration of the trip. The relatively seldom use of these options shows, however, that these data protection issues do not pose any particular problems for the average passenger.

If a passenger wishes to make a certain journey in full compliance with data protection, the anonymous chip card can be used for this purpose, the balance of which was topped up by cash. However, the cash deposit is only possible to a limited extent, in particular only a few ticket machines now accept such. B. at NS, cash. If you pay the credit on the chip card in cash at a counter, an operating surcharge of EUR 0.50 is due.

In order to start a trip, a travel product or a corresponding credit must be transferred to the card. However, not every sales point also has a charging station at the same time. If the card was purchased from NS, the product Reizen op saldo (“Travel on credit”) is already on the card. Data protection is lifted as soon as you request a refund of excess debited credit or the restoration of the credit on the card.

Charging (Opladen)

Charging station (Oplaadpunt)

The chip card is usually empty at the time of purchase and must be topped up with cash or a travel product in order to be able to start a journey.

Charging can be done by:

  • Order and pay via the Internet using iDEAL . The allotment ordered is transferred to the card at a corresponding automatic collection machine.
  • Order and pay at a top-up machine (only applies to a selection of the tariffs and products offered). At many machines, the payment process takes place exclusively with a debit or credit card. Some of the machines from RET Rotterdam and NS accept coins, while those from GVB Amsterdam also accept bills.
  • Purchase of the contingent at the ticket office of a transport company (such as Arriva store or NS Ticketservice). Payment by cash, debit card or credit card possible.

The card can be provided with the following quotas:

  • Balance (cash credit): In the webshop, top-up amounts of 10 and 20 euros can be selected, on top-up devices from most manufacturers 10, 15, 20 or 25 euros depending on the current balance. The maximum possible balance is 150 euros. There is also the option of automatic reloading for the personal chip card.
  • Product: A travel product is, for example, a (reduced) subscription, a day pass or an additional card (e.g. for dogs, bicycles or group discounts). Some travel products are only available via the Internet, others are only available from the transport company itself. A card can contain several travel products, provided they do not conflict with one another.

Orders can be placed online via:

  • OV-chipkaart.nl: balance and most travel products,
  • NS.nl: All national rail travel passes and
  • Uitvoering Onderwijs service: subscription for students ( studentenreisproduct ).

On the OV-chipkaart.nl and NS.nl websites, you can place orders for your own OV-chipkaart as well as for all other chip cards, both personal and anonymous. All you need to do is enter your card number. The order can be tracked online and, if necessary, canceled.

Orders for your own OV-chipkaart can also be simplified by creating your own account. After registering and logging in to Mijn OV-chipkaart or Mijn NS , the card details and a list of the order processes are visible. In addition, the transaction overview can be activated, which lists the data and actions of the trips made.

The order is recorded and processed in the National Action List (NAL), the central computer of the OV chip card system. The order can be transferred to the card immediately afterwards via all collection machines in the Netherlands. The collection devices can be found in numerous buses, in train stations using ticket machines, in train station retailers, in supermarkets, in tobacco shops and in drug stores. This does not apply to Arriva ticket machines in train stations. These are only intended for the company's products. Vending machines on the buses are only accessible if the bus is to be used.

Posting back unused balance (both types of card):

  • Booking back is only possible at the counter of a transport company.
  • Reset automatic top-up on your personal OV-chipkaart
  • If the credit is less than 30 euros, processing costs will be charged at 2.50 euros.
  • With credit of more than 30 euros, the credit is refunded free of charge.

The OV-chipkaart credit reimbursement is in principle better solved than with the strippenkaart ("strip card "), which has since been abolished . Unused or expired stripe tickets were not refunded. A refund can be requested for a (even partially) unused travel product, this depends on the transport company and the travel product.

Payment methods

Travel with cash balance (Reizen op saldo)

Traveling with credit is the prepaid method in the OV chip card system. It can be used with both anonymous and personal cards. The system calculates the distance traveled based on the check-in and check-out. Due to the principle of calculation after the end of the journey, the fare is not known in advance, unless the passenger has already researched this information, e.g. B. through a travel planner like 9292.nl.

A travel product can be booked as a supplement, e.g. B. offers a certain discount at certain times of the day. A product that offers free travel is synonymous with travel with a 100% discount. In this case you do not travel on balance, but this is what the NS calls it. If part of the trip falls within a period of time for which the discount for the booked travel product does not apply, the status corresponds in principle to travel on balance without that travel product.

Travel on account (Reizen op Rekening)

A postpaid payment method is currently being developed that should not be based on money transactions on the chip card, but can bill third parties for travel expenses, e.g. B. at an employer. As with normal travel on balance, the card is used for virtual transactions, but these are not processed by Trans Link Systems (the developer of OV-chipkaart). The third party can be the NS who z. B. settles all costs for public transport of the workforce through a contract with a company (NS Business Card). This method also enables offers from several transport companies (e.g. for network cards in their own transport area) at the same time. Each transport company declares its part of the travel costs incurred via virtual transactions on the chip card. The revenue from the subscriptions can be distributed according to the use of individual travel products.

Rates

Entry tariff / deposit (Instaptarief / borg)

The entry tariff is deducted from the credit on the card as a deposit when you check in. When getting off and checking out, this amount is offset against the actual fare. If the journey was cheaper than the entry-level tariff, the credit will be refunded, otherwise the additional price will be deducted.

The level of the entry tariff is primarily dependent on the length of the average journey. Because of the greater maximum travel distance, the entry-level tariff for the railroad is higher than for buses. Too low a boarding tariff with the train would tempt you not to check out at the end of the journey. For this reason, Arriva Touring increased the entry-level tariff for the Qliner between Groningen and Lelystad from 4 to 10 euros on June 8, 2012 . After the line was shortened to Emmeloord on December 9, 2012, this measure disappeared again. The card is also blocked if the user has not checked out too often in a certain period of time. At NS and GVB, the card is blocked after 12 unfinished transactions within a fixed period (2 weeks at GVB), even if a product is booked on the card that actually allows unlimited travel. The user must then purchase a new chip card or have the unsuccessful transactions deleted by the transport company concerned. The entry tariff thus transfers the duty of inspection from the transport company to the passenger.

A high entry tariff is disadvantageous for passengers who only cover short distances occasionally. A normal ticket represents entitlement to travel at the actual fare, while with the OV-chipkaart, when traveling on balance, even without starting a journey, a minimum credit must be available on the card first. This credit cannot be used for other purposes, which means that it is actually a credit to TLS when there is no travel.

The entry tariff depends on the variant of the OV-chipkaart (anonymous or personal) and the possible travel product. There is no difference in the entry tariff for the car classes.

Below is an overview of the tariffs:

Anonymous OV-chipkaart
Personal OV-chipkaart
  • 0 euros: All transport companies, if an Altijd Vrij Reizen product is used that is valid for the respective company (including student travel product ).
  • 4 euros: bus, metro, tram and passenger ferry.
  • 6 euros: Arriva trains (only if the Arriva Dalkortingsproduct is charged)
  • 10 euros: Arriva, Syntus and Veolia trains.
  • 20 euros: NS and Connexxion trains - with a valid discount it is 10 euros (even if the product does not offer a discount at the time of check-in).

The entry tariff should not be confused with the mandatory minimum balance . An OV-chipkaart may have a maximum negative balance of four euros. With the entry-level tariff of 4 euros, you can check-in with an empty card with 0 euros credit. Checking in with a negative balance is only possible with an annual subscription or the student subscription. With other free travel subscriptions, it is advisable to use an additional chip card for trips on balance in order to avoid not being able to check in at all due to a negative balance on the original card.

How TLS manages negative long-term balance cards is unknown. In the case of the anonymous chip card, payment of the balance cannot be enforced; only the card can be blocked. However, if the balance is negative, which is less than the cost of the card plus the value of a travel product that has not yet been used, the balance is in the cardholder's interest.

Base tariff

Base tariff 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2018
Normal rate € 0.67 € 0.70 € 0.70 € 0.75 € 0.78 € 0.79 € 0.83 € 0.86 € 0.90
Reduced € 0.44 € 0.46 € 0.46 € 0.50 € 0.52 € 0.52 € 0.55 € 0.57 € 0.59

The basic tariff, also called vaste voet (“fixed foot” or base amount) or opstaptarief (“rising tariff ”) in the Netherlands , is only charged for connections to which a fixed kilometer tariff applies. The basic tariff and kilometer tariff are also called Easy Trip . The amount must be paid regardless of the distance (not to be confused with the entry tariff). The basic tariff is comparable to the instapzone / basicstrip ("entry zone / basic level") of the strip card, which has since been abolished, even if its price was lower. A strip of the strip card has cost around 0.51 euros for full payers (15 and 45 strip cards) and 0.33 euros with a discount in recent years. If you change trains during a trip within 35 minutes of check-in, the basic rate will no longer be charged again, with the exception of connections with NS trains or with Arriva trains on the northern branch lines. The NS have announced that they will be bringing an adapted version into circulation in the medium term so that the basic tariff can also be deducted when changing trains.

As a result of these double basic tariffs, it is often cheaper, if possible, to travel entirely with NS trains or only entirely by tram, bus and metro, instead of traveling partly with an NS train and partly by tram, bus and metro . For example, a short extension of a train journey in order to shorten a possible connection journey by tram / metro / bus offers few advantages, as the basic tariff is still due when switching to another means of transport. If you are to travel with two trains, it is therefore still possible to buy a conventional ticket.

train

On all routes operated by the Nederlandse Spoorwegen and the Arriva trains on the northern branch lines, the fare is calculated based on tariff units, as is the case with conventional tickets. One tariff unit corresponds to approximately one kilometer and is degressive to the length of the distance covered. This means that the price of a tariff unit decreases with the number of tariff units covered in the course of a trip, until these (from the 249th tariff unit used) drop to 0 euros per unit. There is a minimum of eight tariff units that must be paid for regardless of the distance.

Train connection carrier 2011 2012 2013 2014 Note
Hoofdrailnet NS Tariff units
Noordelijke Nevenlijnen Arriva Discount with the Arriva Dalkortingsproduct travel product
Gouda - Alphen a / d Rijn NS
Zwolle - Kampen NS
Zwolle - Emmen Arriva Tariff units 15.0 16.2 Operated by NS until December 9, 2012.
Zutphen - Apeldoorn Arriva Tariff units 17.7 17.68 Operated by NS until December 9, 2012.
Valleilijn Connexxion 13.7 14.0 14.3 On the Valleilijn, a minimum tariff of € 1.34 will apply from 2013 for the first eight tariff units. Thereafter, the degressive kilometer tariff applies to the additional tariff units.
MerwedeLingelijn Qbuzz 15.6 16.4 17.0
Almelo - Mariënberg Syntus on behalf of Connexxion 16.0 16.4 17.9 16.2 Operated by Arriva from December 8, 2013.
Arnhem  - Tiel ,
Arnhem - Winterswijk ,
Zutphen  - Winterswijk 		Arriva 16.0 16.4 17.7 17.68 Operated by Syntus until December 9, 2012. Discount with the Arriva Dalkortingsproduct travel product .
Arnhem - Doetinchem Hermes (product name Breng ). 16.0 16.4 17.7 17.68 Operated by Syntus until December 9, 2012.
Zutphen - Hengelo - Oldenzaal Syntus 16.0 16.4 17.9
Nijmegen  - Roermond Arriva 18.4 18.4 20.0 Discount with the Dalkorting Arriva Limburg travel product
Maastricht  - Kerkrade 19.9 19.9 21.6

Bus and tram

Compared to the previous zone system , the tariffs are no longer based on the straight line distance, but on the length of the actual distance traveled in hectometer units (100 meters). This can lead to differences in internal and external tracks in curves, so that, for example, there are different costs for a return trip on the same route. Compared to the previous zone tariff, this can be an advantage or a disadvantage, depending on the earlier zone in which the stops used are located. The fare between two neighboring stops is defined in the system; diversions, especially for buses, have no influence on the price. The location of the buses is continuously tracked during the journey via GPS and transmitted to the control center via GPRS (a service in the GSM mobile radio system). GPS is u. a. a part of Infoxx or related systems which, if available, are connected to the OV chip card system. As soon as a vehicle has passed a stop, the system switches to the next stop. This enables you to check out as soon as you have passed the station preceding the destination stop. An alternative to GPS technology counts the number of revolutions of the vehicle's axle while driving, and the stops are recognized by opening and closing the doors. However, this option is only used to a limited extent (e.g. used by the Belgian Railways for electronic destination displays on trains).

For bus operators, the kilometer tariff encourages bus operators to incorporate as many changes of direction as possible in a line in as little space as possible, especially in densely populated urban districts; this results in a longer kilometer distance between two stops than the correspondingly shortest route and thus in higher fare income. So this z. For example, using the bus network in the city of Nijmegen was on average more expensive after the Strippenkaart was abolished. Even with the city buses in Leiden, the ticket prices with the Chipkaart were 8% -10% higher than with the Strippenkaart. In Amersfoort, an average price increase in travel costs of 30% was even determined.

City traffic in Lelystad also recognized this problem and introduced a standard fare that is independent of the distance traveled.

In practice, intercity buses that do not take the direct route, but detours, are mainly used by short-haul travelers, while passengers who travel from station to station, for example, switch to faster connections. If several bus lines connect place A with place B via different routes, the fare between the places may vary depending on the line chosen. The fastest connection can be cheaper than the route through villages and residential areas. Even if the route changes, a trip can be cheaper or more expensive.

If there are major deviations from the regular route, such as B. detours, the driver must manually reset the system to the usual route. For some handheld terminals (e.g. when using coaches rented by the concession operator), the driver must set the exact route manually and, if necessary, update it. With certain devices such as B. the M3 the route and stop input is done automatically.

For some very long journeys, such as B. the QLiner over the IJsselmeer dike , the tariff is automatically limited after a certain distance traveled, as a result, the further journey is no longer debited from the balance of the card.

Below is an overview of the kilometer tariffs for buses and trams over the past few years, broken down by province ( e.g. per Plusregio ) For more information on the classification of public transport: concessies in het Nederlandse openbaar vervoer and lijst van buslijnen in Nederland .

Kilometer price in euro cents Introduction of chipkaart
Region / connection Traffic Company 2009 2010 2011 2012 Source / reference
Friesland
Vlieland , Terschelling , Schiermonnikoog , Ameland Arriva / TCR No OV-chipkaart, e-ticket system no use
Leeuwarden (city bus ( stadsbus )) Connexxion 10.0 10.0 8.8 9.4 15-09-2009

The 10 euro cents related to a special offer from the province during the introductory phase of the Chipkaart. The tariff for the Leeuwarden city service was then reduced, as the kilometer price had an unfavorable effect on the costs for long journeys.

North and South West (Noorden en Zuidwesten) Connexxion 10.0 10.0 11.8 12.4 15-09-2009
Southeast (south east) nvt 10.0 11.8 12.4 01-01-2010
Alkmaar-Leeuwarden
( Qliner 350) 		Connexxion 10.0 10.0 14.1 11.5
14.9 		15-09-2009 Two tariffs have been in effect since 2012. The cheaper tariff applies between Alkmaar and the Monument stop ( North Holland section of the line). The more expensive tariff applies in Friesland. The tariff is capped after 82 kilometers. This tariff also applied to the QLiner 351 Heerenveen-Harlingen, which has since been abandoned.
Groningen-Emmeloord- (Lelystad)
(Qliner 315, 325, 335) 		Arriva Touring 14.9 14.9 14.9 15.6 01-11-2009 The kilometer tariff is capped after 100 kilometers.
OV-bureau Groningen Drenthe
Lijn 305 Groningen-Emmen
Lijn 314 Groningen-Drachten 		Arriva nvt = niet van toepassing = no application nvt 12.6 13.2 16-03-2011
Night bus Groningen Qbuzz nvt nvt 19.0 26.4 16-03-2011

Age reduction not possible.

City and intercity buses (Grote stads- en streekbussen), Qliners Qbuzz nvt nvt 12.6 13.2 16-03-2011

From June 10, 2011 to September 3, 2011 there is a 25% discount on the kilometer and base tariffs. (9.45 cents or 6 cents.) The reduced tariff is 8.7 cents today.

Small buses
e.g. B. City Service Meppel / Hoogeveen 		CTS , DVG, Taxi De Grooth, Taxi Nuis, UVO / Van Dijk, VMNN nvt nvt nvt 13.2 CTS: -2011
Others:
18-06-2012 		The technical equipment is not yet complete. The OV-Chipkaart is not valid in the citizen bus ( buurtbus , literally “neighborhood bus ”) and regiotaxi, but from September 2012 in the shared taxi (LijnBelBus).
Overijssel / Flevoland
Noordoost-Overijssel Syntus Overijssel 12.5 12.5 12.6 13.2 01-11-2009 These concessions were previously carried out by Connexxion, now merged from the Midden-Overijssel concession. Dalkorting Oost-Nederland valid.
Zwolle (stadsbussen = city buses) Syntus Overijssel 12.5 12.5 12.6 13.2 01-11-2009
Salland Syntus Overijssel 12.5 12.5 12.6 13.2 01-01-2007
Noordwest-Overijssel, Noord- and oostelijk-Flevoland Connexxion 12.5 12.5 12.6 13.2 01-11-2009 Together as the IJsselmond concession. Dalkorting Oost-Nederland valid.
City traffic Almere Connexxion 11.0 11.0 10.4 11.3 24-08-2009
Overland transport (Streekvervoer) Almere (incl. R-net ) Connexxion 11.0 11.0 12.6 11.3 24-08-2009 Buses to Amsterdam, Bussum and Hilversum.
City Service Lelystad Arriva 31.0 32.0
36.0 		38.0 01-11-2009

Exclusively PER RIT basic tariff. Until September 4, 2011 the fare was 32 euro cents (with Connexxion), then 36 euro cents (with Arriva).

Regio Twente
Twente Connexxion in collaboration with Syntus 12.5 14.0 12.6 13.2 01-11-2009 Dalkorting Oost-Nederland valid.
Zutphen-Hengelo-Oldenzaal Syntus (bus) 12.5 12.5 12.6 13.2 01-11-2009
Gelderland
Veluwe Syntus Gelderland 12.5 12.5 12.6 13.2 01-11-2009 Dalkorting Oost-Nederland valid. Syntus drove to the Achterhoek and Veolia on the Veluwe until December 12, 2010. No age reduction is possible on the lines to Germany.
Achterhoek - Rivierenland Arriva nvt 12.5 12.6 13.2 01-02-2010
Stadsregio Arnhem-Nijmegen Breng ( Novio ) 11.0 11.0 11.1 11.6 01-07-2009
Lines 55, 57 and 58
Arnhem / Nijmegen and routes to Germany 		NIAG 20.0 Unknown
North Holland
Noord-Holland Noord incl. Texel Connexxion 10.0 10.4 11.0 12.6 16-06-2009
Gooi and Vechtstreek (incl. Line 320 ) Connexxion 10.0 10.4 11.0 12.6 11-08-2009
Haarlem-IJmond Connexxion 10.0 10.4 11.0 12.6 01-09-2008
City traffic Amsterdam GVB 10.0 10.4 10.5 14.2 03-11-2008 The same tariff applies on all buses in the Stadsregio Amsterdam . The source erroneously mentions a wrong date. Excludes city ​​traffic operated by GVB and the Bizzliner bus lines operated by EBS. During the introductory period of EBS (successor to Arriva in Waterland), there was a special offer of 11 cents at times.
Amstelland-Meerlanden (incl.R -net ) Connexxion 10.0 10.4 10.5 12.6 01-09-2008
Zaanstreek (including R-net ) Connexxion 10.0 10.4 10.5 12.6 25-04-2009
Waterland (including R-net ) EBS 10.0 10.4 10.5 12.6 24-06-2009
Bizzliner (formerly Qliner) EBS 13.5 13.7 13.7 24-06-2009
North Brabant
All red / white buses ( including Brabantliner ) Arriva / Veolia nvt 11.5 12.6 13.2 01-07-2010

Reduction in off-peak hours (dalkorting) of 40% for € 10.50 per year, valid on working days after 9:00 am, on weekends and on national holidays all day, also in combination with the age reduction of 34%.

Gray Hermes buses ( SRE | Zweckverband Regio Eindhoven) Hermes 10.0 10.0 12.6 13.2 01-12-2009
Utrecht
Yellow / brown buses, Sneltram , green buses with the Provincie Utrecht imprint and city buses of the GVU. Connexxion 12.0 12.0 12.0 11.0 01-08-2009
Zuid-Holland (South Holland)
City bus Dordrecht Arriva 13.6 13.6 13.7 14.4 13-12-2009
Buses in Drechtsteden , Alblasserwaard and Vijfheerenlanden Arriva 11.8 11.8 11.9 12.5 13-12-2009
Hoeksche Waard / Goeree-Overflakkee Arriva 11.8 11.8 11.9 12.5 13-12-2009
Zuid-Holland Noord Connexxion 11.8 11.8 11.9 12.5 14-05-2009 Duin- en Bollenstreek / Leiden and Rijnstreek / Midden-Holland
Zuid-Hollandse Qliners , Interliners Arriva,
Connexxion 		15.3 15.3 15.4 16.2
Stadsgewest Haaglanden
Haaglanden streek (overland) Veolia 12.0 12.6 11.4 12.0
16.2 		14-05-2009 Regional tariff
Haaglanden city excl. RandstadRail HTM 12.0 13.1 11.4 12.0
13.9 		01-11-2009 Stadstarief (city tariff)
Stadsregio Rotterdam
ParkShuttle Connexxion free 0.50 0.50 11-12-2011 The price quoted is per rit per trip without the basic tariff and has been in effect since December 11, 2011. No discounts possible.
Voorne-Putten and Rozenburg Connexxion 11.5 11.5 12.1 12.7 07-04-2005
Rotterdam streekvervoer (overland transport) Qbuzz 11.5 11.5 12.1 12.7 01-06-2009
RET busnet RET 11.5 11.5 12.1 12.7 25-06-2007
Limburg
North and Central Limburg nvt 13.1 13.2 13.2 20-08-2010 Dalkorting Veolia Limburg valid: 20% discount on working days after 9 a.m., Saturdays, Sundays and national holidays. (available until December 31, 2012 for € 0.01)
South Limburg Arriva nvt 14.8 14.9 14.9 20-08-2010
Zeeland
Noord-Zeeland + Midden-Zeeland Connexxion nvt 12.5 12.0 12.0 20-08-2010
Zeeuws-Vlaanderen Veolia nvt 11.6 11.6 12.0 20-08-2010
Zeeuws-Vlaanderen stadslijn (city line) 1 Veolia nvt 10.1 10.1 10.4 20-08-2010

night bus

The OV-chipkaart is only valid on some night buses. The travel products listed below are approved at GVB:

Metro (subway)

Kilometer price in euro cents. Age reduction (34%) possible (tariff × 0.66).

connection 2009 2010 2011 2012 Introduction of
chipkaart 		Note
Metro Amsterdam (GVB) 10.0 10.4 10.5 14.2 03-11-2008

At the beginning of the introduction of the OV-chipkaart, the previous zone tariff was used instead of the kilometer tariff.

Metro Rotterdam
(for Metrolijn E only Slinge-Pijnacker Zuid) 		11.5 11.5 12.1 12.7 07-04-2005 Travel product RET MaandKorting 20% ​​or 40% possible.
RandstadRail 3 (Laan van NOI - Loosduinen),
RandstailRail 4 (Laan van NOI - Den Haag De Uithof) 		12.0 13.1 11.4 12.0 01-11-2009 Lightrail operated by HTM. City tariff (city tariff).
RandstadRail Laan van NOI <> Zoetermeer Centrum-West and Laan van NOI <> Zoetermeer Javalaan 15.3 14.0 13.3 01-11-2009 Lightrail operated by HTM. Regional tariff.

Ferries

The ferries listed below charge a fixed price for the crossing. The rule here is: check in and check out again immediately after access. The fare will then be billed immediately. Paper tickets are still available, but more expensive.

The age reduction of 34% is available for all tariffs. The OV-chipkaart has been valid on the Waterbus since April 11, 2011, on the Veolia ferries since May 1, 2011. FastFlyingFerry has accepted the chip card for a long time.

Check in and out

Card readers are on the OV-chipkaart logo and often in combination with the text “Kaart here” or “Houd Uw kaart here”. The card readers of the NS are also provided with Braille .

The OV-chipkaart is used to electronically record the journey at the start and destination via the card reader. Only holders of the "old" NS route subscriptions do not check in or out, as these subscriptions are not compatible with the system. These subscriptions will no longer be sold in the future.

Check-in / inchecked in

We speak of a valid check-in when the following steps have been taken:

  1. At the beginning of the journey, the OV-chipkaart is held in front of a card reader of the transport company corresponding to the route or for the corresponding type of transport.
  2. The card reader checks whether the chip card has a valid travel product or sufficient credit and confirms this with a text message or an optical or acoustic signal.
Check-uit / uit (te) check / uitgecheckt

We speak of a valid check-out when the following steps have been taken:

  1. If the same OV-chipkaart that was used to check-in the journey was held in front of a card reader of the relevant transport company or the relevant type of transport.
  2. A text, sound or light signal follows that confirms the proper check-out.
Hints

Note entry tariff. The current time, the name of the stop or train station and possibly information about the means of transport to be used are recorded on the chip card at the time of checking in and out. Depending on the loaded travel product or the age of the personal chip card, corresponding discounts can be automatically offset. As with a conventional ticket, the technology of the OV-chipkaart can not prevent gray driving. B. continued to use the means of transport after checking out.

The OV-chipkaart stores a maximum of 10 transactions, the eleventh transaction then overwrites the first transaction. (see also OV-chipkaartsysteem ).

There are currently three systems for checking in and checking out:

If several OV chip cards are held in front of a card reader at the same time (possible e.g. by using several OV chip cards in a wallet), the system cannot reliably book transactions. It is not possible to predict which card will be booked on.

One disadvantage of the card reader - especially at transfer stations and stops with a number of different check-in / check-out systems - is that there is a possibility of booking in and out of the wrong system - even if the name of the transport company is usually clearly visible. However, this can easily be overlooked or not noticed at all, especially at the speed of rush hour traffic when passengers are in a hurry. Examples of this are the RandstadRail line E of the RET (Metro / Sneltram with check-in and check-out steles) which shares five stops with the HTM lines 3 and 4 (high-speed tram with check-in and check-out readers in the vehicle), or the Amstelveenlijn of the GVB (Metro / Schnelltram with check-in and check-out steles) shares the stops with GVB stadstram 5 (high-speed tram with check-in and check-out readers in the vehicle). In the latter case, although both modes of transport are operated by the same company, you still have to check in and out in the correct manner. If you accidentally check in at the reader of another transport company or if you forget to check out, it is possible to check out within a certain period of time without complications or to check in again at the correct reader. At stations with pedestrian barriers, correct booking is at least theoretically provided for by the construction, nevertheless, increased attention is required there too, in order to check in and out without errors.

Approximately 1.5% to 4% of all transactions initiated by the Chipkaart are not processed properly. Causes are unintentional or intentional oversight by passengers or technical faults. An incomplete transaction arises from a check-out without an associated check-in (only in the case of pedestrian barriers ) or a check-in without having completed a previous trip through a check-out. It is very helpful to always remember the current status of the card.

If, for example, the card is checked in at an Arriva station, but the cardholder assumes that he is no longer checked in, it can be checked in again without the cardholder receiving an error message about the double check-in. The first check-in is automatically registered as incomplete. The passenger only receives information about the first - unsuccessful - check-in when he calls up a transaction overview (e.g. on the Internet). The first check-in is not shown as an error there either. Only a manual search across all transactions enables the detection of a check-in without an associated check-out. Nevertheless, the card can be blocked by the system if there are too many incomplete transactions, the reason for this does not matter.

When traveling by train, exceptions apply to checking in and out, as well as additional / different rules and time periods.

Change (overstap)

Unified RSB system at one transfer point

The following rules apply to changing trains:

  • Transferring from train to train and from metro to metro is considered a single journey, provided you are on the same transport company. So it is only necessary to check out at the destination. In the event of a short change, a check process would be prevented by the anti-passback time anyway.
  • In all other cases, a check-out and a new check-in are necessary when changing. The rule is: check-in in or with means of transport A, check-out in or with means of transport A, change and check-in in or with means of transport B, check-out in or with means of transport B. (same procedure if changing again)

Example: Connexxion Bus → Connexxion Bus, GVB Tram → GVB Tram, Arriva Zug → Arriva Bus, GVB Tram → GVB Bus, NS Zug → Arriva Zug. An exception exists when two lines are connected by the same vehicle, e.g. B. Stadslijn 2 in Zwolle, which continues at the final stop as Stadslijn 4, or line 310 of the Qbuzz -Qliner, which continues in Drachten as Qliner 320. Strictly speaking, this is considered a change, but the system treats connected lines as a single line .

A change within 35 minutes is recognized by the system as a change, so that the basic rate is not due again. This does not apply to transfers from NS and Arriva trains to Noordelijke Nevenlijnen trains and vice versa, as the technology installed there cannot cope with transfers within this time.

A longer changeover time or a changeover later than 35 minutes after check-in (also as a result of delays and missed connections) are considered two separate trips and are more expensive compared to the time before the introduction of the OV-chipkaart due to the base tariff that is calculated separately each time .

On the other hand, the 35-minute rule enables “long” transfers. If you z. For example, if you check out from the metro or tram in Amsterdam, take the train to The Hague and check in again at HTM, the journey between Metro Amsterdam and HTM in The Hague counts as a change, provided that no more than 35 minutes between Operations. The fact that people checked in and out of NS between Amsterdam and The Hague is irrelevant. However, this only applies to the above-mentioned constellation; other connections may not allow the long change within 35 minutes if a different traffic category is used. (E.g. a change from Connexxion to Qbuzz within 35 minutes, if in the meantime another trip with the NS was made).

From various surveys it is clear that many passengers with OV-chipkaart are not familiar with the transfer rules.

In 2011, the “Routing, Signing and Branding” (RSB) project was started as a solution for rail transfer situations. With the help of RSB, passengers are accompanied at the transfer stations by notices either on board or on the platform when changing to another company's means of transport. All transfer zones (train / train and train / metro) are designed uniformly for this purpose.

In June 2011, the Commissie Meijdam (a commission set up by the Dutch government on parts of the OV-chipkaart system (original Commissie Permanente Structuur en Dubbel Opstaptarief in de treinrailketen ), chaired by the politician Henry Meijdam) pointed out that the Ein und Checking out with the OV-chipkaart should be simplified for passengers who use different modes of transport.

In two to three years, a system must be implemented that enables easy check-in and check-out between all transport companies. This system is expected to cost 50 million euros. The passengers contribute to the realization costs with a contribution of 0.03 euros per trip.

As a temporary solution, a software adaptation was presented that can be used within a year. The costs for this are 2 million euros.

Technical problems

When changing from bus to train with the Easy Trip betaalsysteem , the system first checks whether a check-out has taken place within the last 35 minutes. If this is the case, the system evaluates the process as a change, with the result that you drive on balance (without paying the basic tariff again) and not, as may be desired, with a travel product booked on the card that may receive a discount. Thus the discount for the onward journey expires. Due to the automated booking process of check-out and check-in, this problem remains hidden from the passenger, but only exists for a certain time. If you want to avoid the problem in advance, we recommend using a second OV-chipkaart for one of the means of transport. Too much billed balance can be claimed accordingly. Railways that use the degressive tariff system are not familiar with this problem.

Anti-passback time

A so-called anti-passback time is integrated in the card readers . Check-in immediately after check-out is not possible, and vice versa. The device then reacts with a blockage (red signal light and acoustic signal). This mechanism serves as a security against accidental repeated holding of the card in front of one or more devices.

The card readers on the steles of the NS and Connexxion have a dead time (for the same chip card) of two to three minutes. The system calculates in whole minutes. For example, if the card is held in front of the device at 12:34:56, the next booking process is possible at 12:37:00. There is no dead time at pedestrian barriers.

The dead time at the Arriva stops is one minute. With the devices of the Utrecht Schnelltram three minutes.

When checking in and out in HTM vehicles, there is only a negligibly short dead time. The devices of most intercity buses allow a dead time of one minute to prevent passengers from accidentally checking out immediately.

Pass (right of passage)

With a (virtual) pass, a cardholder can spend a certain time (so-called free exit duration ) at train stations and stops secured by pedestrian barriers without starting a journey, for example to say goodbye to or pick up another person to go shopping, go to shops or cross the train station to reach the opposite side.

The pass requires an OV-chipkaart. In order to use NS facilities, a minimum credit of six or 16 euros is required on the card, with the exception of long-term subscriptions for free travel, such as network cards or route subscriptions. ( altijd-vrij-reizen subscription ). If there are no pedestrian barriers at a station, the pass is only required for those areas in which the passenger must have a valid ticket, such as the platforms. This procedure also serves as a kind of cancellation rule if the passenger, contrary to his or her original decision, does not or does not yet want to travel or with another means of transport or has accidentally checked in with the wrong transport provider.

A version of the pass is currently being developed that can be loaded onto the chip card free of charge.

At GVB and RET, the free exit duration is 20 minutes, after that the entry tariff of four euros is due at GVB, and only the basic tariff at RET. The time for NS is 60 minutes, after which the entry tariff must also be paid.

The time restriction of the right of passage to the free exit duration prevents misuse of the system. With an unlimited stay, a passenger could check in at the starting point with card A and not check out at the destination station. On the return journey, you then check in with card B and - when you arrive back at the starting point - check out with both cards, so that the journey is only paid for once. As a result of the restriction, the entry tariff is then due when you check out card A.

Reimbursement for errors

As a result of errors, travel costs in the chip card system can sometimes be higher or lower than the actual fare. This can be caused, for example, by mistake by the cardholder himself (the card is held in front of the wrong card reader, the pass has expired), or by defective devices, the expiry of discounted transfers due to delays or inaccurate GPS data, which means that the positions of stops are no longer correctly calculated.

With some transport companies, the basic tariff is charged for consecutive check-in / check-out even if the means of transport has not yet traveled a distance. With the Utrecht Schnelltram, this applies not only to reading devices in the vehicle, but also to the devices on the platforms. Extra costs arise, for example, from checking in at the bus stop, but one mode of transport is delayed and then deciding not to travel. They can be avoided by only checking in when the means of transport arrives at the stop. (This does not apply if you are going to use another city / regional carrier or a train from Veolia or Syntus or have just done so.)

In some cases, the excess debited balance can be partially refunded if:

  • Forgot to check out at a card reader in the vehicle. This cannot be done after the vehicle has already started again.

In these two cases the transaction is considered incomplete and the entry tariff is calculated. If this happens too often, the card can be blocked.

A completed form is required for a refund. This can sometimes be obtained from the driver, or it has to be completed and sent via the Internet. The passenger usually receives the entry tariff minus the minimum fare back. Too frequent use of this regulation leads to an exclusion. There are no refund regulations for anonymous chip cards. Some transport companies allow provisionally also the cash in the refund, see the external links: ov-chip , checking forgetting and check-out and check-out memory

Failure to check-in will be counted as fare dodging, which will be punished with a corresponding fine when checked; this also applies to holders of a subscription in contrast to the time before the introduction of the chip card. Here, a subscription holder could subsequently present his ticket at the counter and the fine was refunded.

Forgetting to check out causes passengers to lose a total of millions each year. At the GVB in Amsterdam alone, this happens around 100,000 times a month.

Since the majority of passengers do not ask for reimbursement, this creates huge profits for the transport companies. In August 2010, the Dutch passenger association Reizigers openbaar vervoer -ROVER campaigned for a nationwide standardization as well as a simplification and shortening of the reimbursement procedure.

After ROVER had already filed a lawsuit, Connexxion will now improve the service with the OV-chipkaart in 2011. The lawsuits related in particular to unreliable chip card devices and the cumbersome procedure for reimbursing incorrectly debited balances.

On April 19, 2011, a motion was passed to the Parliament of the Second Chamber, which provides that the profits from non-refundable credit due to forgotten check-out go to investments in public transport. The transport companies are no longer allowed to keep these amounts as their own profit.

Furthermore, a free iOS and Android app is provided with which you can request the reimbursement of incorrectly debited balance online. The app company prints out all applications and sends them correctly to the relevant transport company.

Travel outside the Netherlands

train

The OV-chipkaart is not intended for international train journeys; a conventional ticket must still be purchased for this. However, some subscriptions, if loaded onto the chip card, can be used, possibly with a supplementary (reduced) ticket in paper form. Checking in and out is not necessary on international trips, not even when changing. With a network subscription, a connection ticket from the national border is required. See also reizen met de OV-chipkaart in de internationale trein .

The only exception at the moment is the Leer – Groningen line served by Arriva . Check-in and check-out machines and a card machine from Noordelijke Nevenlijnen are installed at the stations in Weener and Leer . Subscriptions such as the OV-Jaarkaart / NS-Jaarkaart are only valid up to the state border, the last section can be driven on balance. The fare for the route Leer-Groningen with an OV-Chipkaart plus Arriva discount is cheaper than the Arriva ticket in paper form. International tickets are also valid on the route, but are not available from Arriva, only from NS and DB. You can also buy single tickets / Dagretour (return trip on the same day) and e-tickets from Arriva. For onward travel from Leer, the tariffs of Deutsche Bahn or the state of Lower Saxony apply.

The RE18 line has been in operation between Aachen and Maastricht since January 27, 2019. For this connection, OV-chipkaart readers have also been installed in Aachen train station. On the RE18 line, OV subscriptions are also valid on the German side of the border, so that depending on the subscription, there are no additional costs at the Aachen Hbf terminus.

Bus routes

In principle, the OV chip card system is also used on cross-border bus routes on which the Strippenkaart was previously accepted. This is not a problem for the Dutch transport companies, but the foreign companies are not always ready to install the expensive chip card technology in some of their buses without the financial participation of the Netherlands.

ASEAG

Valid:

  • Line 44 Heerlen Station NS - Aachen (D) Hauptbahnhof - is operated jointly with Veolia Transport. On the German buses, a paper ticket is available on presentation of the OV-chipkaart, as is age reduction for the personal chip card in conjunction with an identity card.

Not valid:

  • Line 25 Vaals Heuvel - Stolberg-Atsch Dreieck (D)
  • Line 33 Vaals Flats - Aachen - Fuchserde (Waldfriedhof Nord) (D)
  • Line 34 Kerkrade bus station - Aachen-Brand (D)
  • Line N2 ring line Aachen (D) Elisenbrunnen - Gracht
  • Line N4 ring line Aachen (D) Elisenbrunnen - Vaals
Niederrheinische Verkehrsbetriebe (Germany)

Valid

  • Line 58 Emmerich (D) Bahnhof - Nijmegen Centraal Station
  • Line 929 Venlo station NS - Duisburg Hbf east entrance

The OV-chipkaart is valid on both lines, but the kilometer rate is much more expensive. A card reader is installed at the driver's seat, so users of the chip card have to pass the bus driver to check in and check out. Debiting the correct fare is relatively often incorrect, and passengers have to buy a ticket that is not insignificantly more expensive if the devices on the bus continue to fail.

Not valid

  • Line 60 Millingen Centrum - Kleve (D) train station
  • Lines 91 Emmerich (D) Bahnhof - 's-Heerenberg Molenpoort
Regional traffic Münsterland (Germany)
  • The OV-chipkaart is not valid on lines B7, T10, T55 and R71 from Winterswijk.
Levelink (Germany)
  • On the Levelink-lijn 60/922 from Emmen to Meppen, the German tariff applies with a normal ticket.
Weser-Ems Bus (Germany)
  • On the WEB line 620 on behalf of the DB Regio from Nieuweschans to Leer, the German tariff applies with a normal ticket.
De Lijn (Belgium)

The Dutch concession agency in Maastricht has agreed with the Belgian De Lijn to introduce the OV-chipkaart system into their buses. Chip card readers are not provided, upon presentation of the card, a single ticket, which is reduced depending on the situation, can be purchased at the kilometer rate of the OV chip card system. This rule applies to journeys within Maastricht; for cross-border journeys, only the regular De Lijn tickets are valid. It should be noted that with De Lijn tickets purchased in advance, travel within Maastricht is often cheaper than with OV-chipkaart. However, there are no De Lijn advance booking offices in the Netherlands.

On the other cross-border bus routes from De Lijn, 480 from Reusel, 460 from Baarle, 450 from Tilburg and 22, 42 and 43 from Hulst, only the De Lijn tariff applies in the form of tickets with an integrated magnetic strip.

TEC -Sadar (Belgium)

On the TEC , 78 Maastricht - Liège and 396 Vaals - Eupen lines, the TEC tariff applies to tickets with an integrated magnetic card. A special regulation with a Dutch tariff is in force on line 78 within Maastricht.

Veolia (Netherlands)

The OV-chipkaart was also introduced on lines 44 Heerlen-Aachen and 50 Maastricht-Aachen. Due to the massive refusal of passengers to use an OV-chipkaart from Germany, which initially resulted in a significant decrease in passengers, Veolia, in cooperation with the transport associations, was forced to introduce normal tickets again at a price of eight euros in addition to the chipkaart. In the entire Euregio-Meuse-Rhine area, the Euregio-Ticket at a price of 18.50 euros is still valid without restrictions.

On line 42 Bresekens-Brugge, the OV-chipkaart is only available in Dutch buses, especially for international journeys. De Lijn buses are not equipped with chip card readers, which means that an extra paper ticket has to be purchased for journeys within the Netherlands.

On the Dutch route 19 Hulst – Antwerpen – Breda, the Strippenkaart was not valid for journeys with entry or exit in Antwerp (only international stop). A separate ticket had to be purchased for this, which was also more expensive than a trip for the entire Breda-Hulst route, on which the Strippenkaart could be used. The same situation also applies to the OV-chipkaart; it is also valid for the entire route without international entry or exit.

The Chipkaart is also valid on the following bus routes: 30 Kerkrade – Herzogenrath, 145 Breda – Meersel Dreef, 6 Terneuzen – Zelzate, 12 Oostburg – Maldegem and on line 14 Bresekens – Knokke, which is served in the summer months.

Connexxion (Netherlands)

The OV-chipkaart is valid on the Connexxion line 20 Goes - Gent (only operating on Saturday and Sunday).

OV-chipkaart as a means of payment, car sharing and OV-fiets

Payment means (Betaalpas)

The technical prerequisites for using the Chipkaart as a means of payment, for example in supermarkets and horeca facilities in the train station, are already in place. A first series of tests was carried out in Amersfoort between January 2011 and April 2011, in which selected cardholders were able to use the chip card as a means of payment. A general introduction, however, first requires the approval of the Dutch Central Bank as the supervisory authority for the Dutch banking system. The authorization for use as a means of payment for foreign cardholders has not yet been clarified.

OV-fiets

Bicycles from the OV-fiets system can now also be rented with the chip of the personally registered OV-chipkaart. The chip replaces the previous entry of the barcode on the back of the card. The NS-BusinessCard will integrate the OV-fiets-Abo as standard in the future.

car sharing

In addition, it is possible to use rental cars from the car sharing partner of Deutsche Bahn with the OV-chipkaart, if this has been activated for this.

Transaction overview

With the transaction overview, the passenger has a log of all trips made and the associated costs. This can e.g. B. be helpful for tax returns.

Due to the data protection legislation in the Netherlands, the listing of the transaction overviews must be confirmed with an active consent (checkbox etc.). If this is not done, you cannot query a transaction overview, not even offline or by phone. In the event of discrepancies or complaints regarding a journey, the travel data can be set in relation to the personal data of the cardholder.

Transactions can be called up on the Internet using a personal chip card or read from the card at a machine. Usually every transaction is at least either on the card or available on the internet. However, since the transfer to the online overview does not take place in real time, if there are a large number of journeys made in one day, a transaction that does not belong to NS has already been overwritten on the card but is not yet available on the Internet. There are no pocket-sized card readers available for the OV-chipkaart, such as. B. exist for the Chipknip process (e.g. the Random Reader model ).

Internet

Output of general data from the OV-chipkaart at a RET charging station in The Hague
Issue at a RET machine. In the case of non-RET trips, the departure and arrival stations are not mentioned.

After logging in to the ov-chipkaart.nl website, the transaction overview ( Mijn transactieoverzicht ) can be called up with all transactions from the last 18 months, with all means of transport used and in principle all other circumstances. However, not all data can be called up directly. The data must first be processed depending on the means of transport used. The raw data is first provided by the transport company with accompanying information such as stop names, line numbers, etc. This usually takes one and a half days, a maximum of seven days. The balance on the card therefore does not always have to match the journeys listed; while transactions are being processed, the balance can be at a more current (lower) status, in which journeys that are still missing in the transaction overview are already priced in. For each trip, the actual fare, the entry tariff and the correction when checking out are listed, e.g. B. "Ritprijs € 0.94 (instaptarief € 4.00 - never out of date € 3.06)". In addition to the HTML version of the online overview, the data is also available in PDF and CSV format, although some information is omitted. The last two formats still have a number of deficiencies for most transport companies. For example, the name of the city is often missing from the Central Station stop . This must then be traced back using the destination station or a connection with another transport company. At Connexxion, station names are given as "Unknown". If you travel with Veolia with a Dal Vrij ticket (free travel during off-peak hours) or a discount, the overview under the travel product section only displays a note “Vraag uw OV-bedrijf” (“Contact your transport company”).

In the Mijn NS section on the Nederlandse Spoorwegen website www.ns.nl, only transactions relating to NS can be found. The data is usually available very quickly, within minutes to 1 hour, including the crediting and debiting via NS, but without specifying the balance. When checking in during peak traffic times, the off-peak time reduction (if booked) is indicated even though the reduction does not apply at this time. In the event of occasional disruptions in the connection between the card reader and the control center, the data is transmitted on the following day. In addition to the HTML version, the data formats PDF and XML are also available for the NS. Search queries are only performed on the last 301 transactions.

At ov-chipkaart.nl only the transactions since registration are listed on the site, at Mijn NS also older ones, if available.

Vending machines

The balance and part of the transaction history stored on the card can be queried at the machine and occasionally printed out. These are usually the last 10 transactions, i.e. the last 5 journeys if the check-in-check-out is correct, or if the card is still checked in, the oldest check-out, the last 4 journeys and the most recent check -In and the last two top-up transactions (balance or travel product or automatic top-up). Each transaction also contains a time stamp, the type of transaction (with a change being counted as checking in without charging the basic tariff), the costs of the transaction and the name of the stop, provided the transaction concerns the transport company whose machine is currently reading the card .

The name of the company is not listed at GVB and RET, the data displayed only implicitly reveal whether the transaction is related to the transport company on whose device the card is currently being read.

Machines by transport company:

  • NS:

At least one or more chip card machines (TVM) are available at the train stations, even at many stations that are not served by the NS; sometimes, however, they do not have an OV chip card functionality such as e.g. B. in Ede Centrum . Transaction lists cannot be printed out. The entry tariff is shown in brackets. After checking in with an off-peak time discount, you cannot see which discount (0%, 20%, 40% or 100%) is being granted. This can only be derived from the current time. Check-ins of the “switch” type are not listed, so there are usually fewer than twelve transactions on the display.

  • Arriva: TVM.
  • GVB: Vending and loading machines (VOA) at all metro stations, the transaction overview can also be printed out.
  • RET: Automat "verkoop en opladen" (sale and recharge) at all metro stations, transaction overview can be printed out.

GVB and RET list with time stamp, but always zero seconds. RET shows the entry tariff at check-ins, GVB does not. Both provide information about the real cost of the journey when you check out.

The transactions can also be called up on an AVM , but not on an AVM Light.

The AVM has a display on which only 1 transaction can be shown at a time. Each top-up transaction can be printed out separately. Furthermore, a printout can be made for each trip, which optionally contains only the check-ins, only the check-outs or both processes. However, only the total (balance) price of a trip is output. Stations and stops are not displayed, it is different whether a time stamp is printed for the check-in or not, or whether a trip of the type transfer is displayed or not (this can be seen from the fact that the displayed amount is lower than the boarding rate). The transport company is not shown on the display, but is shown on the printout. If the paper tray is empty, no error message is issued, but the print option is no longer displayed in the menu.

Simple balance readers without selection menus are also in operation. The user is shown the balance of the card first, followed by the last 5 trips made.

Mobile

Free apps are available for Android as well as IOS tablets and smartphones with which the balance and the last transactions can be queried, the data is updated as if it were delayed on the Internet.

Legal framework

The Dutch Passenger Transport Act ( Wet Personenvervoer 2000 ) regulates, among other things, regional freedom of tariff.

The Dutch decree 'Personenverkehr 2000' defines in article 1 an electronisch vervoerbewijs (electronic ticket) as a driving authorization with which the traveler can obtain authorized access to public transport after electronic registration.

Article 42 (2b) stipulates that the passenger must be in possession of a valid electronic travel authorization. The condition for the validity is the electronic registration of the place of departure. This means that even a subscription is not in itself an electronic travel authorization, but only becomes valid when you check in. The holder of a subscription also faces a fine if he does not check in properly before starting the journey.

Web links

Commons : OV-chipkaart  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Art. 47 (lid 2b) Bp2000. Maxius.nl, accessed September 2012 .
  2. ↑ Kinderen, 65-plus en groepen. OV-chipkaart.nl, accessed on January 30, 2012 .
  3. ↑ a b c Martin Unfried : The card for everything: bus, train, bicycle, car . In: taz.FUTURZWEI . No. 8 . taz Verlags- u. Vertriebs-GmbH, March 12, 2019, ISSN  2513-1729 , p. 81 ( oekotainment.eu [accessed July 20, 2019] article on page 74).
  4. ↑ NS wisselen van traveling class ( Memento of 14 December 2011 at the Internet Archive ), NS.nl
  5. ↑ PDF: OV-chipkaart snel kapot  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.denhaag.nl  
  6. ↑ Kaart doet het niet-is defect-deblokkeren ( Memento from November 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), OV-chipkaart.nl
  7. ^ OV-chipkaart in België, Duitsland en Luxemburg
  8. ↑ Prijs vervangende persoonlijke OV-chipkaart omhoog
  9. ↑ Groepskaart voor scholen en BSO's , RET.nl
  10. ↑ GroenLinks en VVD willen anonieme kortingskaart OV Treinreizger.nl, 16 May 2011.
  11. ↑ Burojansen.nl
  12. ^ New York Times over privacy
  13. ↑ "Anonieme OV-chipkaart is niet anoniem" ( Memento of 21 October 2011 at the Internet Archive )
  14. ↑ Maximum balance OV-chipkaart ( memento of the original from January 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ov-chipkaart.nl
  15. ↑ Vanaf 1 mei overal OV-chipkaart reisproducten ophalen
  16. ↑ Balance of restitution. OV-chipkaart, accessed on January 10, 2012 .
  17. Jump up ↑ Kaart. OV-chipkaart, accessed on January 10, 2012 .
  18. ↑ Reizen op rekening ( Memento from December 20, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
  19. ↑ Instaptarief Qliner Verhoogd  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.arriva.nl  
  20. ↑ Source: Verslag vergadering ROCOV-werkgroep OV-chipkaart 22-01-2009: Stand van zaken rond invoering chipkaart in Amsterdam (mevr. Tonny Weijn GVB) ( Memento of the original from July 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / opcintra.webadres.nu
  21. ↑ Valleilijn OV-chipkaart  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 406 kB)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.valleilijn.nl  
  22. ↑ Type in zoekvak: "Saldo" → Klik op eerste vraag: "Wat is het minimale saldo?" ( Memento of the original from March 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ov-chipkaart.nl
  23. ↑ compleet tarievenoverzicht busvervoer Groningen en Drenthe 2012  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ovbgd.nl  
  24. ↑ Instap- en basistarief on ov-chipkaart.nl, accessed on October 25, 2018.
  25. ↑ Reizen op saldo en enkele reis tarieven 2012, NS.nl ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 43 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ns.nl
  26. ↑ Tarieneenhedenkaart van Nederland 2012, NS.nl ( Memento of the original from June 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 549 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ns.nl
  27. ↑ Tariefadvies Valleilijn
  28. ↑ Reisadvies 9292.nl Ede-Wageningen - Ede Centrum
  29. ↑ Nijmeegse politiek wil onderzoek naar other buslijnen  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Nijmegen exposeert , September 16, 2010.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.nijmegenleeft.nl  
  30. ↑ SP en VVD willen strippenkaart voorlopig behouden NU.nl, October 6, 2010.
  31. ↑ 'Chip tegen strip, how is duurder?' (PDF; 337 kB) Otto Cox, December 20, 2009.
  32. ↑ 'SP: OV-chipkaart een stuk duurder'  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. De Stad Amersfoort.nl, June 7th 2010.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.destadamersfoort.nl  
  33. ↑ Overzicht tarieven 2010 (PDF; 6 kB)
  34. ↑ Qbuzz-tarieven Fryslân per 1-1-2012
  35. ↑ Tarieven Arriva Groningen ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.arriva.nl
  36. ↑ OV-chipkaart in night buses Groningen  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. vanaf September 9, 2011.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ovbgd.nl  
  37. ↑ Tarieven per 1-1-2012  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ovbgd.nl  
  38. ↑ OV-chipkaart ook in kleine bussen  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / groningen.dichtbij.nl  
  39. ↑ a b Almere OV-chipkaart ( Memento of the original from January 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.almere.nl
  40. ↑ Flevoland voor het reizen met de OV-chipkaart  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.flevoland.nl  
  41. ^ Voor Beter OV, Regio Amsterdam matigt tariefstijging .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.voorbeterov.nl  
  42. ↑ GVB, betalen per kilometer ( memento of the original from October 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gvb.nl
  43. ↑ Tarieven EBS ( Memento of the original from August 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ebs-ov.nl
  44. ↑ Korting voor EBS Reizigers ( Memento of the original from January 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dichtbij.nl
  45. ↑ Nieuwe kortingsregeling busreizigers pas as of 01-01-2012 at Hermes
  46. ↑ Veolia Brabant: Tarieven OV-chipkaart ( Memento of the original from January 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.veolia-transport.nl
  47. ↑ Hermes Tarieven 2012  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.hermes.nl  
  48. ↑ GVU prijzen ( Memento of the original from September 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gvu.nl
  49. ↑ Tarieven Arriva Zuid-Holland ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.arriva.nl
  50. ↑ a b per 01-07-2012 Bekendmaking dagelijks bestuur 25-04-2012  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / haaglanden.nl  
  51. ↑ a b Tram en bus became duurder ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / denhaagfm.com
  52. ↑ Park shuttle gaat weer rijden . In: Rijnmond.nl , September 1, 2011. Accessed January 10, 2013. 
  53. ↑ RET tarieven
  54. ↑ Dalkorting Veolia Limburg
  55. ↑ Veolia Transport Tarieven 2011 + 2012 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.veolia-transport.nl
  56. ↑ GVB, betalen per kilometer ( memento of the original from October 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gvb.nl
  57. ↑ Fast Flying Ferry ( Memento of the original from August 21, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / water.connexxion.nl
  58. ↑ Tarieven . Veolia Transport Nederland. Archived from the original on August 26, 2013. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 10, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.veolia-transport.nl
  59. ↑ vAGEN-ov-chipkaart ( Memento of the original from May 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.1 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rijksoverheid.nl
  60. ↑ Reizigersperspectief op check-in, check-out with the OV-chipkaart in de railketen ( Memento of the original from March 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.7 MB) - in opdracht van de commissie Meijdam @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rijksoverheid.nl
  61. ↑ Routing, Signing and Branding (RSB) van de OV-chipkaart op stations, intergo.nl
  62. ↑ Het spoor naar slagkracht, Advies Commissie Permanente Structuur en Dubbel Opstaptarief in de treinrailketen (het persbericht of June 30, 2011  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this note. Report abusievelijk een bedrag dat 100 maal zo laag is: "0.03 euro cents"!)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.rijksoverheid.nl  
  63. ↑ Overstappen met ov-chip moet eenvoudiger De Volkskrant, 30 June 2011.
  64. ↑ Stapt u over van de stad- of streekbus naar de MerwedeLingelijn  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.arriva.nl  
  65. ↑ Vraag: Ik ben vanuit de bus overgestapt op de trein ... ( Memento of the original from September 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ns.nl
  66. ↑ Memo inzake poortjes NS . In: gouda.nl , gemeenterrad Gouda, March 17, 2011. Accessed January 10, 2013. 
  67. ↑ uitzwaaien Iemand ophalen of: GVB
  68. ↑ Varsh en aantwoorden , search term "uitzwaaien" "
  69. ↑ OV chip
  70. ↑ Vergetenuitchecken
  71. ↑ werkgeheugen, uitchecken en heugensteun .
  72. ↑ Vergeetachtige subscriptions holder mist coulance, NU.nl 6 february 2012
  73. ↑ Ov-irritiger verspilt miljoenen , Telegraaf 23 August 2010.
  74. ↑ Landelijke regels nodig voor restitutie OV-chipkaart  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Personal report ROVER 25 August 2010.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.rover.nl  
  75. ↑ Connexxion gaat service ov-chip verbeteren De Gelderlander, April 8, 2011.
  76. ↑ Te veel betaald chip money naar beter OV SpitsNieuws, April 19 2011th
  77. ↑ OV Butler ( Memento of the original from September 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. OV butler @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ovbutler.nl
  78. ↑ Veolia website ( Memento of the original from January 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.veolia-transport.nl
  79. ↑ OV-chipkaart may not be used as betaalpas
  80. ↑ NS test ov-chipkaart als betaalpas, voor invoering is fiat DNB nodig , NRC, nl, 5 January 2011.
  81. ↑ OV-fietsen op de OV-chipkaart ( Memento of the original dated August 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ov-fiets.nl
  82. ↑ "Privacy OV-chipkaart Connexxion"
  83. ↑ See voorbeeld met uitleg .