Noctiles

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The night bus routes in the greater Île-de-France area are known as Noctilien . The night bus service is organized by the public transport authority, the Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France , operated by the RATP and the SNCF and mostly originated in Paris . They run after the Métro and the normal bus lines close, between around 0:30 a.m. and 5:30 a.m.

history

The Paris night bus routes between 1910 and 1987

The first two night buses were already on the road in 1910. They ran between the market halls in the Quartier des Halles with the town hall of the 18th arrondissement in the north of the city and with the Avenue de Clichy in the northwest. But already in 1914 the lines were stopped again.

In 1921 the first real network was created with 5 lines that led from the major access roads to Paris back to the Quartier des Halles, where many workers had to be at work early in the morning before the buses and metro lines started operating. During the Second World War , things were radically simplified: there were only special connecting trips to the market halls; the first trips took place from 5 a.m.

After the Second World War, two different night bus networks were created: On the one hand the network for passengers and on the other hand for the transport of employees: From July 1947 the H network (Service des Halles, the buses were marked with the letter "H") was created: It was intended in particular for the numerous employees of the market halls, who usually started their work at 5 a.m. The first buses left the terminus of the regional trains between 3:55 a.m. and 4:30 a.m. The RATP, which has existed since 1949 and which also managed bus traffic, reduced this bus network considerably in 1955. There remained 13 lines on which the buses drove from the surrounding communities or from the main gates to the Quartier des Halles. The operating hours went from 1 a.m. to 6 a.m. The trips took place every hour. After the wholesale market moved to Rungis , a bus route was set up there in 1969.

From 1948, there were additional trips on which the RATP employees were transported home after work or before the start of operations to their place of work. These were the so-called Transports du personnel (TP). These buses only ran the most important routes. The route could also be varied slightly depending on requirements (= place of residence of the passengers). Other passengers were later allowed to ride on the TP buses after purchasing a ticket. In the mid-1990s, around 40% of passengers were not employed by the RATP.

In 1997/98 the two night bus networks Noctambus and Transport du Personnel were merged despite resistance from the unions.

With the name busdenuit two lines were run:

  • Aéroport Roissy CDG - Châtelet - Juvisy - Corbeil-Essonnes RER
  • Aéroport Roissy CDG - Châtelet - Versailles - St. Quentin en Yvelines - la Verrière

The buses from Roissy ran from 0:00 a.m. to 4:30 a.m. every half hour and alternated between one route and the other. A Paris - Roissy ticket cost 8 euros. For the entire Roissy - Corbeil-Essonnes route, 13 euros were charged.

Noctambus

The Noctambus network, established in 1987, was reorganized in 1997 and finally consisted of 18 lines. (Almost) all of them were radial lines that led from Châtelet as the central starting point up to approx. 15 km into the vicinity of Paris. Three lines could be seen as branch lines of other routes and only began further out. The lines were marked with capital letters A, B, C, ..., S, T, V, although not all letters were assigned.

The list of Noctambus lines after the 1997 restructuring:

line connection New route number in the Noctilien network
A. Paris Châtelet ↔ Bezons - Grand Cerf N24
B. Paris Châtelet ↔ Gare d'Argenteuil RER N52
C. Paris Châtelet ↔ Epinay-sur-Seine Lacépède N51
D. Paris Châtelet ↔ Pierrefitte-Stains N44
E. Paris Châtelet ↔ Aulnay-sous-Bois Garonor N42
F. Paris Châtelet ↔ Gare de Chelles-Gournay RER N23
G Paris Châtelet ↔ Noisy-le-Grand Mont d'Est RER N34
H Paris Châtelet ↔ Nogent-Le-Perreux RER N33 and N35
I. Paris Porte d'Italie ↔ Athis-Mons ↔ Pyramide de Juvisy N31
J Paris Châtelet ↔ Massy-Palaiseau RER 21st
K Paris Châtelet ↔ Clamart - Georges Pompidou N53 and N61
L. Paris Châtelet ↔ Sous-Préfecture - Église de l'Haÿ-les-Roses N21 and N62
M. Paris Châtelet ↔ Sucy-Bonneuil RER N32
P Paris Châtelet ↔ Garges-Sarcelles RER N43
R. Paris Châtelet ↔ Chevilly Larue - Marché international de Rungis N22
S. Paris Porte d'Orléans ↔ Clamart - Georges Pompidou N62 and N63
T Nanterre - Boulevard de la Seine ↔ Pont de Neuilly N53
V Pantin - Mairie RER ↔ Sevran-Livry RER N41

In the end, a Noctambus ticket cost € 2.70 and entitles you to a journey with one change. The operating hours went from 1:00 a.m. to 5:35 a.m. every night.

The Noctilien

The new route offer of the Noctilien

The night bus network called Noctilien went into service on the night of September 20-21, 2005. The previous night bus networks of the RATP ( Noctambus ) and the SNCF ( Bus de Nuit ) have been combined into one network, with all Noctambus lines - partially modified - being taken over. This made it possible to create new lines with improved alignment, which better met the expectations of the audience.

Route board for the N24 line (Pont de Neuilly - Rive Gauche stop ); Mon – Fri: five trips per hour every hour

All in all, the number of routes has been roughly doubled, mainly with lines that go far into the Parisian region.

Whereas the previous night bus network was centered solely on the Châtelet station, the new network within Paris has five central bus stations (namely Gare de Lyon , Gare de l'Est , Gare St-Lazare , Gare Montparnasse and Châtelet ) from which the buses are based Start rides.

A success from the start

The new offer was well received by the public right from the start: within a few months, the number of users rose by almost 50%. In May 2006 there were 560,000 travelers, 65% more than in the same month of the previous year (i.e. before the introduction of the Noctilien). The Noctilien buses carried 2.6 million passengers within the first 6 months. In addition to the season tickets (day, week, month or year garden), the single tickets (the so-called ticket t, or its successor the ticket t + ), which can also be used for the metro, were now also valid. With the previous Noctambus night bus system, however, special tickets were required.

2006: First expansion of the route network

Driven by the success of the reorganization of night bus traffic, it was decided in summer 2006 to expand the route network, which came into force when the timetable changed in December 2006: The RATP offered 5 new routes, 2 of which were subcontracted for technical reasons. The SNCF added 3 more routes. An existing route was extended.

2009: Further optimizations of the network

Without introducing new routes, there were some changes in the route network at the end of June 2009: additional trips were added on some routes; the route has been partially changed, especially on sections of the route that are served by 2 lines: here one line was relocated to parts of the city that were not previously served. Particularly long lines or lines with a complex route were split into 2 lines. On the other hand, there was also a reduction in the number of journeys on some lines and individual stops were closed.

The current network design (2014)

When the Noctilien network was introduced, there were 35 lines; since 2009 there are 47 lines:

  • With the numbers N01 and N02 two ring lines are operated that serve all major train stations within the Paris metropolitan area (one line goes clockwise, the other counterclockwise),
  • Behind the numbers N11 - N16 there are 6 diagonal lines which connect two suburbs and which on the way stop at Châtelet station and at least one other central bus station.
  • 20 lines (with numbers in the range from N21 to N63) connect the central bus stations in Paris with the suburbs close to the city and have stops in all the municipalities they touch.
  • 18 lines (with numbers ranging from N122 to N154) connect Paris with the more distant surrounding areas.

More than 200 municipalities in the Ile de France are served and more than 7 million bus kilometers are covered each year.

Line designation system

A Noctilien bus on the Corbeil-Essonnes - La Ferté-Alais route in August 2010

The designation of the 48 lines follows clear and unambiguous rules of nomenclature. The line numbers are two or three digits. The three-digit line numbers start with a 1: This indicates that the bus also goes to the more distant suburbs. With two exceptions, these buses are operated by the SNCF. The tens of the line number provides information about the starting point of the line in Paris. Here are the lines in detail:

  • N0x ring line
    • N01 so-called Circulaire intérieure (clockwise) or buses run roughly every quarter of an hour; serve all major train stations
    • N02 so-called Circulaire extérieure (counterclockwise), buses run roughly every quarter of an hour, every 6 minutes on weekends; serve all major train stations
  • N1x line connects two suburbs in the near periphery and crosses Paris: N11 - N16;
  • N2x or N12x : Line starts in Paris-Châtelet : N21 - N24; N122
  • N3x or N13x : Line starts at Gare de Lyon : N31 – N35; N130-N135
  • N4x or N14x : Line starts at Paris-Est station: N41 – N45; N140-N145
    • N41: Gare de l'Est - Villeparisis - Mitry-le-Neuf RER
    • N42: Gare de l'Est - Pantin Cimetière Parisien / Aulnay - Garonor
    • N43: Gare de l'Est - Mairie de Stains / Gare de Sarcelles - St-Brice
    • N44: Gare de l'Est - Pierrefitte - Stains RER
    • N45: Gare de l'Est - Hôpital de Montfermeil
    • N140: Gare de l'Est - Roissy Airport - Charles-de-Gaulle (All Terminals and Roissypole )
    • N141: Gare de l'Est - Gare de Meaux
    • N142: Gare de l'Est - Tournan RER
    • N143: Gare de l'Est - Roissy Airport - Charles-de-Gaulle (All terminals and Roissypole ; direct line via motorway )
    • N144: Gare de l'Est - Corbeil RER
    • N145: Gare de l'Est - Gare de La Verrière
  • N5x or N15x : line starts at Paris-Saint-Lazare station: N51 – N53; N150-N154
    • N51: Gare Saint-Lazare - Gare d ' Enghien [ every night: every hour ]
    • N52: Gare Saint-Lazare - Gare d ' Argenteuil RER [ every night: every hour ]
    • N53: Gare Saint-Lazare - Nanterre -Université [ every night: every hour ]
    • N150: Gare Saint-Lazare - Cergy Le Haut RER [ 4 buses per night; 70 minutes apart ]
    • N151: Gare Saint-Lazare - Gare de Mantes-la-Jolie [ 4 buses per night; Hourly ]
    • N152: Gare Saint-Lazare - Cergy-Le Haut RER via Maisons Laffitte [ approximately every hour ]
    • N153: Gare Saint-Lazare - Saint-Germain-en-Laye [ approximately every hour ]
    • N154: Gare Saint-Lazare - Montigny-Beauchamp [ every 70 minutes; 4 trips per night ]
  • N6x : Line starts at Paris-Montparnasse station : N61 – N63
    • N61: Gare Montparnasse - Hôtel de Ville de Vélizy [ every night: every hour ]
    • N62: Gare Montparnasse - Robinson RER [ every night: every hour ]
    • N63: Gare Montparnasse - Fontenay - Massy - Palaiseau RER [ Mon – Fri: every hour; Sat – Sun: on part of the route: every 20 min ]
    • N66: Gare Montparnasse - Vélizy-Villacoublay - Robert Wagner
  • N7x : Line connects suburbs in the south of Paris without going through Paris:

Passenger numbers 2000–2012

Figures in millions of passengers.

Passenger numbers for Noctambus, Bus de Nuit and Noctilien between 2000 and 2012
year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Noctambus 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.8 Noctiles (RATP) 4.3 6.5 7.0 7.2 7.6 ? ? ?
Bus de Nuit - 0.08 0.11 0.13 0.14 Noctilien (SNCF) 0.29 0.55 0.74 0.85 0.87 ? ? ?
total 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.9 Noctiles (total) 4.6 4.5 7.0 7.2 7.6 8.0 8.4 8.4

Figures in millions of passengers.

The statistics for 2009 also show that on the weekdays an average of 19,000 passengers use the Noctilien buses every night, on the nights before the weekend or on the weekends and public holidays, an average of 31,000 users were counted. On special days (e.g. New Year's Eve or Fête de la Musique ), the Noctilien carries 40,000 passengers. 157 vehicles are in use during the week and 224 at the weekend.

RATP and SNCF routes

In 2012 the Noctilien network consisted of 47 lines. The lines with two-digit numbers and lines N122 and N153 - there are a total of 31 lines - are managed by the RATP. 16 lines - all three-digit lines, with the exception of N122 and N153 - are operated by the SNCF.

The RATP routes have a total length of 630 km, there are 1043 stops. The SNCF lines are 720 km long with 208 stops.

literature

  • Noctilien Paris & Île-de-France; Folding plan, published by STIF and RATP; Paris September 2011.

Web links

Commons : Noctilien  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marion Tillous: La conception d'un réseau de transport de nuit se se distingue-t-elle de celle du jour ?, Mémoire de maîtrise, Paris 2004
  2. ↑ Message from the Association of Private Bus Operators of the Ile-de-France (Optile) (French) approx. 2004/05 accessed on April 11, 2014 ( Memento of the original from August 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link became automatic used and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.optile.com
  3. ↑ Article on metro-pole.net regarding changes to the Noctilien network 2009 (French) accessed on March 31, 2014 ( Memento of the original from December 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked . Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.metro-pole.net
  4. ^ Noctilien Paris & Île-de-France; Folding plan, cf. Lit.
  5. ↑ a b STIF press release (undated; probably early 2011) (French), accessed on March 30, 2014
  6. ↑ Article on MetroPole from November 2006 (French) accessed on March 26, 2014 ( Memento of the original from June 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.metro-pole.net
  7. ↑ http://www.transilien.com/static/noctilien accessed on March 26, 2014
  8. ^ Sources RATP and SNCF (French) accessed on April 14, 2014
  9. ^ Noctilien Paris & Île-de-France; Folding plan, cf. Lit.