Quartier des Halles
Coordinates: 48 ° 52 ' N , 2 ° 21' E
| Quartier des Halles | |
|---|---|
| administration | |
| Country | France |
| region | Île-de-France |
| Arrondissement | 1. |
| Demographics | |
| Transport links | |
| railway station | Châtelet - Les Halles   
|
| metro |      
|
The Quartier des Halles ( German (market) hall district ) is the second of the 80 quarters of the city of Paris , which was created in its current form in the course of the last incorporation in 1860. The district is located on the Rive Droite der Seine in the center of the city and is part of the 1st arrondissement . It is named after the former Parisian wholesale market ( Halles Centrales or Halles de Paris ) and its market halls , which are known, among other things, from the novel The Belly of Paris by Émile Zola .
The halls were demolished in 1970 to make way for the Forum des Halles , an area mainly reserved for pedestrians, which houses the largest urban train station in Europe .
location
The boundaries of the district were determined in 1859 as part of the reorganization of Paris and named Quartier des Halles after its center :
- Rue de Rivoli in the south
- Rue de Marengo and Rue Croix-des-Petits-Champs to the west
- Rue Étienne-Marcel in the north
- Boulevard de Sébastopol to the east
| Vivienne |
le Mail Bonne-Nouvelle |
Sainte-Avoye |
| Palais-Royal |
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| Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois | Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois | Saint-Merri |
history
In early times the area was a marshy landscape through which the road between Paris and Saint-Denis ran. During the Merovingian era , a cemetery (later called Cimetière des Innocents ) was laid out on the road . Around 1130, Ludwig VI. the cemetery chapel to the rank of a church.
Since the 12th century
1135 moved King Ludwig VI. the central market square from Place de Grève (today: Place de l'Hôtel-de-Ville ) to the former village of Les Champeaux (also: Petits Champs ). This place was a swamp area outside the city walls.
In 1183 King Philip II acquired the entire property on the site. At that time it was already a large market selling food, textiles, shoes and haberdashery. The traders settled in shelters near the manufacturers' houses. Little by little, other dealers were added to the ones already established.
Due to the growth, Philip II had the first halls set up to accommodate weavers and cloth merchants. The market continued to expand, so that its reorganization and expansion of the routes were considered from the 16th century. Houses with porticoes on the ground floor or covered galleries were built, which are known under the name Piliers des Halles ( German pillars of the halls ).
18th and 19th centuries
The nearby Cimetière des Innocents , which closed in 1780, was expanded into a flower, fruit and vegetable market ( Marché des innocents ) in 1789 . During the time of the French Revolution and the First Empire , the cityscape was greatly changed. Paris suffered from safety and hygiene problems and people began to worry about supplies to the capital.
Napoleon I reorganized the covered markets and had a regulation for the slaughter of the animals worked out. He planned to build a central market hall between the Marché des innocents and the grain market hall. Despite everything, the hygiene and traffic problems that occurred from 1830 onwards prompted Prefect Rambuteau to set up a commission, the Commission des Halles , in 1842 . They should investigate whether the halls should remain at their previous location or should be relocated. Victor Baltard won an architectural competition announced in 1848 with his plan to build twelve pavilions made of glass and metal at the previous location. The first pavilion was still made of stone, but Napoléon III liked it . no longer after visiting the Crystal Palace on a trip to London , which had been built from prefabricated iron parts and glass segments. The first pavilion had to be demolished and rebuilt. Ten pavilions were built between 1852 and 1870, the last two were completed in 1936.
At the same time, under the supervision of Eugénie de Montijo, as part of the construction plans of Georges-Eugène Haussmann, the Rue des Halles was built (decided on June 21, 1854, completed in 1870) as a splendid approach road from the Place du Châtelet to the new market square, connected to the just completed east-west axis, the rue de Rivoli , and the north-south axis, the boulevard de Sébastopol .
20th century
In 1959 it was decided to relocate the market to Rungis (in the Paris area) and the La Villette district . In 1963, the prefect of Paris proposed to renew the right bank of the Seine between the Seine and Gare de l'Est . The project was not accepted, but the Paris City Council set up a planning office for the establishment of the market halls and adjacent sectors. The first projects are rejected by the city council, the area to be renovated was reduced from 32 to 15 hectares and the rest should be redeveloped. An underground installation of the halls was also considered.
When the market was finally relocated in 1969, cultural protests took place in the pavilions. In 1971, the first six pavilions were demolished in order to build an RER station and the Forum des Halles . On the construction site holes in the demolished pavilions and adjacent blocks of houses, film scenes turned into Touche pas à la femme blanche! ( Don't touch the white woman ) by Marco Ferreri and the film Le locataire ( The Tenant ) by Roman Polański .
The new Châtelet - Les Halles RER station was inaugurated on December 7, 1977, followed by the opening of the Forum des Halles underground shopping and leisure center on September 4, 1979 . The second part of the forum (architect: Paul Chemetov ) opened in 1985. In the same year, gardens were laid out above ground. The former food wholesalers have gradually disappeared and have been transformed into modern boutiques.
Les Halles today
This “belly of Paris” mentioned by Zola from the time of the great markets has become the “heart” of Paris with an underground city on several levels.
Forum des Halles
The area between Rue Rambuteau , Rue Lescot and Rue Pierre-Lescot is now defined by the Forum des Halles shopping and leisure center . It is the largest of its kind in all of Paris and is visited by over 41 million (mostly young) customers every year. It is home to more than 160 retail stores, including one of the most important and largest bookstores in the city. The shops and restaurants are arranged on three floors around a 13 m deep crater, which also provides daylight in the third basement. In the western part there are 26 cinema halls with a large selection of films and a swimming pool, which is also supplied with daylight through the above-ground gardens.
This indoor swimming pool is the largest in Paris, the lane is 50 m long and the diving tower is 15 m high.
The renovation of 2011 affects the entire area under the flower garden. The costs for this amount to 800,000,000 euros. The works result in the destruction of the Porte Lescot and Porte Rambuteau and make it possible to remove the asbestos on the site. The work is aimed at the construction of the nouveau cœur de Paris , including the redesign of the public spaces on the surface, the new Nelson Mandela Garden , the redesign of the underground streets and the redesign of the Châtelet - Les Halles train station with the forum and its entrances . This includes the removal of asbestos and lead dust from the former Forum des Halles and the construction of a new building called Canopée des Halles , which will house a music conservatory and a cultural center above the existing shopping center.
Châtelet - Les Halles train station
In addition to the escalators that lead into the shopping center, there are also express escalators at Porte Lescot that take travelers straight to the area below the forum. Here there is a huge collection of aisles and tracks: The Châtelet - Les Halles station , the central RER transfer station ( ), which is also served by a large part of the metro lines, is the most popular local transport hub in Europe with 800,000 commuters daily. The transfer area between Métro and RER is 17.5 m or 24.5 m deep.
Attractions
The heart of the district is of course the Forum des Halles . There are also other shops and houses in the alleys. Also:
Demographics
| Year (national survey) |
population | Population density (inh / km²) |
Change since the last survey |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 41,341 | ||
| 1954 | 20,298 | 49,267 | |
| 1962 | 19,385 | 47.051 | |
| 1968 | 17,685 | 42,925 | |
| 1975 | 11,230 | 27,257 | |
| 1982 | 9,668 | 23,466 | |
| 1990 | 10.110 | 24,539 | 4.6% |
| 1999 | 8,984 | 21,806 | - 11.1% |
literature
- The new market halls in Paris . In: The Gazebo . Issue 20, 1858 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ At Les Halles one does not speak a liaison , but respects the h aspiré by using the name as [ le al ].
- ↑ Décret du 3 novembre 1859 (French)
- ↑ LES HALLES, LE NOUVEAU COEUR DE PARIS.pdf (French)