Joseph Karl von Pfalz-Sulzbach

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Joseph Karl von Pfalz-Sulzbach
Coat of arms of the dukes of Pfalz-Sulzbach
Sarcophagus in the Wittelsbach crypt of St. Michael in Munich

Joseph Karl Emanuel August von Pfalz-Sulzbach (born November 2, 1694 in Sulzbach ; † July 18, 1729 in Oggersheim ) was Count Palatine and Hereditary Prince of Palatinate-Sulzbach from the House of Wittelsbach .

family

Joseph Karl was the eldest son of Duke Theodor Eustach von Pfalz-Sulzbach (1659-1732) and his wife Eleonore Maria Amalia von Hessen-Rheinfels (1675-1720). His siblings included Johann Christian Joseph , the abbess Franziska Christine von Pfalz-Sulzbach and Anna Christine , who was married to Karl Emanuel III von Savoyen.

The line of the dukes of Sulzbach was a branch line of the Palatinate-Neuburg family , which the Electors of the Palatinate provided, and their designated heirs in the event that the Neuburg line died out.

Life

After the accession of the Palatinate Elector Karl Philipp from that Neuburg line, the end of this branch of the family gradually became apparent. Neither Karl Philipp nor one of his many brothers had produced a legitimate male heir who could have assumed the electoral inheritance. It was already clear by 1716 that the dukes of Sulzbach would inherit the Palatinate electoral dignity. In 1717, Karl Philipp married his only surviving daughter, Elisabeth Auguste Sofie von der Pfalz (1693–1728), to the Sulzbach Hereditary Prince Joseph Karl. Thus he had merged the lines Neuburg and Sulzbach and a son from this marriage would have become Elector Palatinate one day.

However, Karl Philipp's plan did not work out. The couple had a few sons, but all of them died in childhood. Only three daughters remained alive. Elisabeth died in 1728 with another birth and Joseph Karl died just a year later in Oggersheim . His inheritance claim went first to his brother Johann Christian (1700–1733) and then to his son Karl Theodor , who was elector of the Palatinate on December 31, 1742 after the death of Karl Philip. Incidentally, Karl Theodor had been married to the eldest daughter Joseph Karls Elisabeth Auguste since 1742 . Another daughter, Maria Franziska Dorothea was married to Friedrich Michael von Pfalz-Birkenfeld . From this connection, the Bavarian royal line and its descendants to the present day emerged.

In 1708 Joseph Karl came to the court of Count Palatine Johann Wilhelm in Düsseldorf, where he stayed until 1714. He embarked on a military career, fought in the Venetian-Austrian Turkish War under Prince Eugene of Savoy and in 1721 became Imperial Field Sergeant . According to his coffin, "Prince Eugene was a witness and herald of his martial virtues."

The prince died surprisingly in Oggersheim, of "hot biliary fever" ( typhus ). The burial took place in the burial place of the Wittelsbacher in the Carmelite Church in Heidelberg , after the abolition of the convent the sarcophagus was transferred to the St. Michaelskirche in Munich in 1805 .

His younger sister Ernestine Theodora von Pfalz-Sulzbach became a Carmelite widow and died in 1775 in the reputation of holiness.

Founder of the Oggersheim Loreto pilgrimage

Loreto Chapel Oggersheim, in the background the miraculous image

Joseph Karl von Pfalz-Sulzbach had a (no longer existing) pleasure palace with a park built in Oggersheim near Mannheim from 1720 . In 1729 he had a baroque Loreto chapel built in this park, for which he ordered a copy of the miraculous image there , a Black Madonna , in Loreto, Italy . The Wittelsbacher had probably received the suggestion to build the chapel in the Cologne monastery of St. Maria in the Kupfergasse , where his aunt Amalia Maria Therese von Pfalz-Sulzbach (1651–1721) and his older sister Maria Anna von Pfalz-Sulzbach (1693–1762 ), when Carmelites lived and where there was a Loreto chapel with a miraculous image. However, the widowed Count Palatine died soon and the palace complex became orphaned.

Elector Karl III. On March 1, 1733, Philipp handed the Oggersheim Loreto Chapel over to the Mannheim Jesuits for care. On behalf of the electoral prince, the image of grace donated by Count Palatine Joseph Karl was transferred to the chapel on the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary in 1733 (March 25) and the Madonna of Oggersheim was declared the patroness of the Electoral Palatinate . Due to the princely protection and many answers to prayer, the pilgrimage site quickly developed into a regional pilgrimage center. The Loreto Chapel was built over and integrated into the magnificent pilgrimage church of the Assumption in 1775 ; the pilgrimage continues to the present day.

progeny

literature

  • Werner Hesse: Here Wittelsbach, here Pfalz. The history of the Palatinate Wittelsbach family from 1214–1803. Palatinate Publishing House, Landau 1986, ISBN 3-87629-094-5 .
  • Oskar Klausner: The branches of the Palatinate Wittelsbach family. The first Wittelsbachers. The Curve. The sidelines. Schimper et al., Schwetzingen et al. 1995.
  • Karl Lochner: Oggersheim Castle and Garden. 1720–1794 (= Palatinate Society for the Advancement of Science. Publication. 41, ISSN  0480-2357 ). Publishing house of the Palatinate Society for the Advancement of Science, Speyer 1960.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pfalz-Sulzbach, Secret Registry . In: State Archives Amberg / Upper Palatinate . No. 27 : Education of the Hereditary Prince.
  2. ↑ Pfalz-Sulzbach, Secret Registry . In: State Archives Amberg / Upper Palatinate . No. 28 : Travel to Düsseldorf and stay until 1714.
  3. ^ Karl Lochner: Castle and Garden Oggersheim. 1960, p. 12.
  4. ^ Karl Lochner: Castle and Garden Oggersheim. 1960, p. 17.
  5. ^ Joseph Karl von Pfalz-Sulzbach in the database of Find a Grave . Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  6. ↑ Ernestine of Bavaria in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints
  7. ^ Website of the Oggersheim monastery
personal data
SURNAME Pfalz-Sulzbach, Joseph Karl von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pfalz-Sulzbach, Joseph Karl Emanuel August von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Count Palatine and Hereditary Prince of Pfalz-Sulzbach from the house of the Wittelsbach family
DATE OF BIRTH November 2, 1694
PLACE OF BIRTH Sulzbach
DATE OF DEATH July 18, 1729
Place of death Oggersheim