Eberhard Jabach

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Painting by Hyacinthe Rigaud

Eberhard Jabach (also Everhard IV. Jabach , born July 10, 1618 in Cologne , † March 9, 1695 in Paris ) was a German financier and entrepreneur who belonged to the wealthy Cologne family dynasty Jabach .

Life

Cologne, Sternengasse 25a: Jabacher Hof, star room with two-bay star vault (1892)

His father was Eberhard Jabach III (* December 21, 1567 in Antwerp, † May 23, 1636 in Cologne), a member of a fur trader and furrier family that had lived in Cologne since the 14th century. He married Anna Reuter, who was only 14 years old, in 1594, and on February 21, 1597, they both acquired land in Cologne's Sternengasse 25-25a, where the husband first set up an office and warehouse, which he converted into a residential building ("Jabacher Hof") in 1615. Between 1606 and 1610 four daughters were born in Cologne.

The only son Everhard Jabach IV. Received in his father's will of March 3, 1633 the house ("Jabacher Hof") in the Sternengasse 25-25a ascribed. In 1636 he took over his father's banking business in Cologne and traveled to London in 1637 to commission Anthonis van Dyck's self-portraits . In November 1637 he stayed in Cologne again. In 1637, Eberhard IV commissioned what is probably the most famous Cologne painting from the Baroque period, the “Crucifixion of Peter” by Peter Paul Rubens . Rubens was largely able to complete the painting by the time he died. It has been in St. Peter's Church since 1642 . Everhard IV moved to Paris in 1638, where he became Cardinal Jules Mazarin's financial administrator in 1642 and a citizen of Paris in 1647, without giving up the citizenship of Cologne. On October 28, 1648, he married Anna Maria von Groote, the daughter of the Cologne merchant Heinrich von Groote , in Cologne ; both moved to Paris, where their eldest daughter Anna Maria was born in 1650.

After the execution of King Charles I in 1649, Eberhard IV bought 100 valuable paintings and more than 6000 drawings and in 1655 part of the former Arundel collection in London as part of the “Commonwealth Sale” . The most important masterpieces of the Renaissance and Baroque now passed through his hand. However, he paid particular attention to drawing as a collection object, a novelty within the art scene of that time. He brought this extensive collection to a Hôtel particulier built by Pierre Bullet in 1659 for the Jabach family in the former rue Saint-Médéric 46 (demolished in 1938; today: rue Neuve Saint-Merri 42, the house stood on what is now the forecourt of the Center Georges Pompidou ) under. Jabach had an apartment, office and warehouse where today's rue Saint-Merri meets the forecourt of the Center Georges Pompidou at the level of Café Beaubourg (Costes) and rue Saint-Martin .

Family portrait of Eberhard IV Jabach's family - painting by Charles Le Brun (1660)

Charles Le Brun painted the family in 1660 in an artistically and historically significant picture with monumental dimensions of 2.33 meters by 3.25 meters. It shows the family of Eberhard Jabach IV, his wife Anna Maria de Groote (1624–1701); The children Maria Anna (1650–1706), Helena (1654–1701), Everhard (1656–1721) and the infant Heinrich (1659–1709) are also shown. The objects lying on the floor (Bible, Sebastiano Serlio's architectural guide, compass, drawing, a marble bust, a book and a globe) symbolize the family's cultural interests. The picture came to Cologne in 1695 and adorned the Jabacher Hof. In 1814 it became part of the community of heirs of the von Groote family, who placed it in the house of Everhard von Groote at Glockengasse 9, where it was auctioned on May 4, 1886. In May 2014 it was auctioned by the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art . Goethe enthusiastically described the picture in From my life. Poetry and truth .

In 1662, for financial reasons, Eberhard IV had to sell most of his first valuable painting collection for 330,000 livres to King Louis XIV , who included them in his “Cabinet du roi” and passed them on to the Louvre . These included 5227 sheets with drawings by Michelangelo , Raffael and other artists of the Italian Renaissance as well as Albrecht Dürer , Hans Holbein the Younger and Grünewald, who disappeared in the 17th century . The family portrait, on the other hand, was not sold to King Ludwig and is therefore one of the few works from the Jabachs' possession that did not end up in the Louvre. Everhard IV Jabach was the first director of the newly founded French East India Company from 1664 . Jabach came back for money when he opened a buffalo hide tannery in Corbeil-Essonnes in 1667 on the recommendation of the French finance minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert , which made him a fortune through deliveries to the French army. Once again in financial need (besieged by his creditors), Jabach sold a total of 101 paintings and 5542 graphic sheets by the greatest masters to King Louis XIV on March 29, 1671 for 221,338 livres, which - like the works of art from the first emergency sale - are the basic stock of today's Louvre formed. Everhard IV, however, continued to collect, unimpressed and again brought up 672 paintings, 4105 drawings and 303 copper plates. He was able to recover quickly financially, because in 1691 Jabach was again one of the “forts banquiers” (great bankers) in Paris. He was buried in the late Gothic church of Saint-Merry in 1695 .

While Everhard IV only rarely visited his hometown Cologne, his wife appeared here more often, especially when the second and third child were born. His daughter Maria Anna and her Cologne husband Nicolas Fourment took over the buffalo skin tannery in 1695; she had already sold the Parisian house in 1671.

Jabach has been portrayed by the most important painters of his time such as van Dyck, Peter Lely , Hyacinthe Rigaud - the court painter Louis XIV - or Charles Le Brun.

Commemoration

In 1966, the city of Cologne donated the Jabach Medal in memory of the Cologne collector . It is awarded at irregular intervals to personalities who have made extraordinary contributions to the Cologne museums.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Print of the death note in the book by Ursula Voss, Everhard der Vierte Jabach, a Cologne collector prince in the Ancien Régime , News Office of the City of Cologne, 1979. Scan
  2. ^ The Oxford Dictionary of Art , 2004, p. 362
  3. ↑ Ursula Voss: Everhard the fourth Jabach, a Cologne collector prince in the Ancien Régime . In: Cologne biographies . tape 12 . News Office of the City of Cologne, 1979.
  4. ↑ Ulrich S. Soénius / Jürgen Wilhelm, Kölner Personen-Lexikon , 2008, p. 261
  5. ^ Rita Wagner: Cologne art collector and global player. From Steinengasse to Paris - The Jabach family. In: Stefan Lewejohann (ed.), Cologne in unheiligen Zeiten , 2014, p. 122
  6. ↑ Peter Fuchs (Ed.), Chronicle of the History of the City of Cologne , 1991, Volume 2, p. 102
  7. ^ Oskar Bätschmann , Hans Holbein the Elder J. , 2010, p. 116 f.
  8. ↑ Part 3, Book 14
  9. ^ Rita Wagner: Cologne art collector and global player. From Steinengasse to Paris - The Jabach family. In: Stefan Lewejohann (ed.), Cologne in unheiligen Zeiten , 2014, p. 123
  10. ↑ a horse cost 100 livres
  11. ^ Rainer Gruenter / Wolfgang Adam, Das Eighteenth Century: Facets of an Epoch , 1988, p. 77
  12. ↑ Stefan Palm: City of Cologne awards Jabach medal to Corboud and von Rautenstrauch. The two personalities have rendered outstanding services to the Cologne museums. City of Cologne - Office for Press and Public Relations, December 10, 2012, accessed on December 11, 2012 .

Web links

Commons : Everhard Jabach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Jabach, Eberhard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jabach, Everhard; Jabach, Everhard IV.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German financier and entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH July 10, 1618
PLACE OF BIRTH Cologne
DATE OF DEATH March 9, 1695
Place of death Paris