Gottfried Welsch

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Gottfried Welsch

Gottfried Welsch (born November 12, 1618 in Leipzig ; † September 5, 1690 ibid) was a German physician who is considered one of the founders of forensic medicine in Germany. Welsch was dean of the medical faculty and rector of the University of Leipzig .

Life

Gottfried was the son of the citizen, merchant, councilor, head of the castle cellar and head of the St. Georg Hospital Hans Welsch (* 1567 in Lösten bei Gräventhal; † June 23, 1626 in Leipzig) and his wife Anna Heydenreich, who married on August 4, 1595 (Born September 5, 1576 in Leipzig; † November 14, 1631). Since his parents had died early, his brother Caspar Michael Welsch directed the fate of the boy, who enabled him to complete a six-year training at the Leipzig Nikolaischule and chose Abraham Teller as the boy's private tutor. On July 1, 1633, he moved into the electoral Saxon state school in Pforta , where he stayed for only three years due to the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War and left the educational institution on June 27, 1636. When he returned to Leipzig, he continued his education at the University of Leipzig . Particularly under the influence of Johannes Ittig , he acquired a baccalaureate on September 24, 1636 and a master's degree in philosophical sciences on February 24, 1639. Afterwards he switched to the medical sciences, for which he also attended lectures by Johann Zeidler , Franz Kest and Johannes Michaelis . In 1639 he embarked on a gentlemanly journey, which first took him to Padua, Italy, where he studied for a year and a half at the university there with Sylvaticus, Frisimelicus, Veslinginus, Bonardi and Marquetti.

After visiting different places in Italy, he moved to Montpelier, France, in 1641. Since he did not find the opportunities here as in Padua, he moved to England in the same year, from there he went to the Netherlands and returned to Leipzig via Hamburg. Since Leipzig was captured by the Swedes in 1642 after a siege, he had himself employed by Field Marshal Linnard Torstensohn as a field doctor. In this position he gained extensive experience in the field of surgery. Returning to Leipzig, he obtained a licentiate in medicine in 1643 and became an associate professor of anatomy on January 30, 1644 . In this office he concluded a contract with the city and the Leipzig Schöppenstuhl on the delivery of those executed to the anatomy of the university to improve education, which later became a model for similar agreements throughout Saxony . Welsch's doctorate in medicine followed on April 4 of the same year. On January 29, 1647 Welsch became professor of physiology , further professorships followed in 1662 (pathology) and 1668 (therapy). On September 1, 1662 he became a member of the Great Prince College . From October 16, 1665, Gottfried Welsch held the office of rector of the University of Leipzig, and three years later, on January 18, 1668, he was appointed dean of the medical faculty. From June 24, 1670, the doctor was a member of the Little Prince College .

In 1660 his Rationale vulnerum lethalium judicium appeared for the first time , his fundamental work on forensic medicine on the “reasonable assessment of fatal wounds”, which deals with “the nature and causes of fatal wounds”, their correct investigation and other questions related to the matter. The second edition, which appeared only two years after the first, was supplemented by a section on "The signs of death in those who died by poison". Welsch campaigned for the section to be carried out as part of forensic medical examinations and also demanded this for cases in which no external injuries were apparent. Forensic examinations were limited to the examination of external wounds at this time.

When the last plague raged in Leipzig in 1680 , Gottfried Welsch advised the city council in his function as city ​​physician about countermeasures and a. the first street cleaning and the ban on keeping pigs within the city walls. Also as a city physician, he enforced the pharmacy monopoly by banning "buffoons and buffoons" from selling drugs, and set up a drug tax; That was a list of the medicines to be kept by the pharmacies with details of the ingredients and prices.

Title page of the work Rationale vulnerum lethalium judicium (1684)

family

Welsch met Maria von Anckelmann (born August 15, 1629 in Leipzig; † May 1, 1705 in Leipzig) in Leipzig on February 12, 1644, the daughter of the heir in Markkleeberg Joachim von Anckelmann (born December 5, 1592 in Hamburg; † December 26, 1641) and his wife Catharina Volckmar (born April 23, 1596 in Leipzig; † April 29, 1642 in Leipzig), married. The marriage resulted in 13 children. Eight sons and five daughters, of whom the three eldest sons and one daughter died before the father. From the children we know:

  1. Johann Joachim Welsch I († young)
  2. Gottfried Welsch (born January 10, 1647 in Leipzig, † October 15, 1688), was the clerk of the higher court in Leipzig, married. October 16, 1676 in Leipzig with Johanna Margaretha Jägerndörffer
  3. Maria Elisabeth Welsch, married. with the kurf. Saxon Appelation Council, Senior of the Schöppenstuhl and Mayor of Leipzig Christoph Pincker (born August 16, 1619 in Leipzig; † May 24, 1678 ibid.) married. II with the prince. Saxon Commissioner Johann Christoph Stieler
  4. Johanna Sophia Welsch († young before 1705)
  5. Johann Joachim Welsch II (~ February 26, 1669 in Leipzig (St. Thomas Church); † young before 1705)
  6. Catharina Sabina Welsch, married. May 29, 1673 (closed 1686) with Dr. theol. Johann Friedrich Mayer (1650-1712)
  7. Anna Regina Welsch (born August 11, 1655 in Leipzig, † August 22, 1674 in Leipzig)
  8. Johann Christian Welsch (born August 12, 1657 in Leipzig; † May 27, 1717 in Leipzig), was Lic. Jur. and councilor in Leipzig, married. with Catharina Magdalena Heyne, daughter Johanna Maria Welsch
  9. Albert Eberhard Welsch, jur. The candidate was in Regensburg
  10. Magdalena Sybilla Welsch (born August 14, 1661 in Leipzig; † June 12, 1723 in Leipzig), married. 1683 with the councilor, assessor of the kurf. Saxon High Court and Schöppenstuhl Heinrich Born (born June 6, 1644 in Leipzig; † June 23, 1708 in Leipzig), married. II. September 7, 1710 with the mayor and Dr. Quirin Hartmann Schacher (born November 21, 1659 in Leipzig, † January 23, 1719 in Leipzig)
  11. NN Welsch (stillborn son)
  12. Christian Ludwig Welsch (born February 23, 1669 in Leipzig; † January 1, 1709 ibid), Mag. Phil., Also became a physician, married. with Christina Regina Conradi
  13. Johann (Hans) Georg Welsch, el. Palatine District Administrator

Works (selection)

  • Thraenen, Uber Das allzufruhe, but very blessed Valet, and stepping out of this world of The Ehrenvesten, Achtbarn, and Wolgelahrten Mr. M. Aegidii Schmids, SS. Theologiae Candidati. Lanckisch, Leipzig, 1638, ( digitized version )
  • Anatomists Cerebri Humani. Resp. Heinrich Meyer . Georgius Ritzsch, Leipzig, 1639, ( digitized version )
  • Disputatio Medica De Phthisi. Pres .: Johann Zeidler . Ritzsch, Leipzig, 1639, ( digitized version )
  • Disputatio Medica Inauguralis De Incubo. Pres .: Johann Zeidler. Ritzsch, Leipzig, 1643
  • La Commare dell Scipione Mercurio: Child mother or midwife book / What about the wonderful work of conception / and birth of a person; And what anhänget deroselben ... is traded ... / What / multiply many Orthen / and which improves the Old / New Kupffern also etzlichen has versetzet from the Italiänischen into the high Teutsche language Gottfried Welsch ... . u. a. Leipzig, 1653, ( digitized version ); Wittenberg 1671. (Translation and addition of the work by Mercurio Scipione, † 1615)
  • Scrutinium Fontanellarum Disputatione Chirurgica conceptum. Resp. Friedrich Ortlob . Quirin Bauch, Leipzig, 1654, ( digitized version )
  • Felici Omine, Indultu Que Superiorum, Scrutinium Fontanellarum Disputatione Chirurgica conceptum. Resp. Friedrich Ortlob. Quirin Bauch, Leipzig, 1654, ( digitized version )
  • Historia medica novum istum puerperarum morbum continens, qui ipsis The Friesel dicitur. Resp. Sigismund Rupert Sultzberger . Leipzig, 1655
  • Rational vulnerum lethalium judicium . Timotheus Ritzsch, Leipzig, 1660, vol. 1, ( digitized version ); Vol. 2, 1662
  • Disputatio Medica De Cachexia. Resp. Mattheus Lampert . Christian Michael, Leipzig, 1662, ( digitized )
  • Dissertatio Medica De Singularibus. Resp. Michael Ettmüller . Ritzsch, Leipzig, 1663, ( digitized version )
  • Dissertatio medica de prolongatione vitae. Resp. Johann Pfeiffer . Wittigau, Leipzig, 1664, ( digitized version )
  • Disputatio inauguralis de morbis Haereditariis in genere. Resp.Martin Heer , Bauer, Leipzig, 1665, ( digitized version )
  • Disputatio medica, de scabie. Resp. Christian Crusius ,,. Hahn, Leipzig, 1665 ( digitized version )
  • Inauguralis De Uteri Prolapsu Dissertatio. Resp.Jeremias Lossius, Wittigau, Leipzig, 1666, ( digitized version )
  • Discursus Inauguralis Medicus De Nutritione Infantis Ad Vitam Longam Helmontiana Et Morbis Infantum. Resp. Christian Friedrich Garmann . Henning Köhler (widow), Leipzig, 1667, ( digitized version )
  • Discursus Physico-Medicus De Gemellis Et Partu Numerosiore. Resp. Christian Friedrich Garmann . Henning Köhler, Leipzig, 1667 ( digitized )
  • Rational Vulnerum lethalium judicium, in quo De Vulnerum Lethalium Natura… . Ritzschian, Leipzig 1674; 2nd edition Johann Kaspar Meyer, Leipzig 1684, ( digitized )
  • Reasonable judgments about lethal wounds ... to the nature and causes ... . Adam Jonathan Felsecker, Nuremberg, 1719, ( digitized version )

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. see also: Venus Pythagorica Pacis, amicitiae, perfectionis, & unbekanntcebrae iugalis donum .... Lanckisch, Leipzig, 1644, ( digitized version );
  2. the children Gottfried Welsch († as a jur. Student before 1705) come from the marriage; Johanna Margaretha Welsch, b. August 16, 1680 in Leipzig, m. November 8, 1701 in Leipzig with Diak. in Weißenfels Johann Andreas Glauch (born July 28, 1672 in Merseburg, † April 26, 1717 in Weißenfels); Johann Gottlieb Welsch (jur. Candidate) and Christian Gottlob Welsch († young) cf. also: Catalog of the Princely Stolberg-Stolberg collection of funeral sermons. Degener, Leipzig, 1932; Vol. IV, p. 653, (2825, 22779)
  3. the daughter Maria Elisabeth Pincker († young before 1705) comes from the marriage,
  4. from the marriage the children Johann Gottfried Mayer († young before 1705), Catharina Sabina Mayer († young before 1705), Johann Ulrich Mayer († young before 1705), Johann Friedrich Mayer became princely. holstein. Lieutenant, Johann Gottlob Mayer († young before 1705), Johann Ehrenfried Mayer († young before 1705) and Johann Abraham Mayer
  5. the son Jacob Born comes from the marriage, cf. also: Immanuel Horn: The Born, Bey, filled and overflowing from the living spring, Christian and highly respectable burial Des Weiland Hoch-Edlen, Vesten, highly learned and highly wise Mr. Heinrich Borns, world-famous Icti ...: After the same on June 23, Anno 1708 . in the 64th year of his age fell asleep gently in the Lord, and afterwards on the 28th of June ... in the Academic Pauliner Church ... was buried on earth. Martin Fulde, Leipzig, 1708, ( digitized version );
  6. Jump up ↑ daughter Maria Regina Welsch, daughter Christiane Henriette Welsch, son Gottfried Ludwig Welsch († young before 1705), daughter Rahel Sophia Welsch († young before 1705), son Georg Jacob Welsch, son Friedrich Benjamin Welsch
  7. ^ Heinrich Meyer (also: Mayer; * February 25, ~ February 27, 1619 in Leipzig; † June 22, 1669 ibid.) GVav .: Ernst Meyer, citizen and merchant in Hamburg, GMuv .: Elisabeth Stellmacher, GVam. : Heinrich Rothhaupt, councilor in Leipzig and Erbsasse Zähmen, GMum .: Sophia Schönburg (* Cologne), Va.: Sebastian Meyer († May 4, 1648 in Leipzig), councilor and master builder Leipzig, inspector of the castle cellar and almsman, mother: Sabina Rothhaupt, initially a private teacher, 1638 Uni. Leipzig, June 6, 1638 Bacc. phil. ibid., September 12, 1639 Uni. Helmstedt, January 26, 1642 Mag. Phil. University. Leipzig, 1647 Uni. Strasbourg, 1648 Cavalier's journey through Germany and the Netherlands, 1657 4. Diak. St. Nicolai. Leipzig, 1663 Bacc. theol. University. Leipzig, 1667 3rd Diak. ibid., ⚭ November 21, 1659 in Leipzig with Elisabeth Heintz (* Hamburg; † January 14, 1666 in Leipzig), To. d. Citizen and merchant in Hamburg Georg Heintze, (6th child, 2nd daughter & 4th son, 2nd son deathbirth), To. Johanna Sabina Meyer, To. Maria Elisabeth Meyer, Sun. Heinrich Christian Meyer, Sun. Sebastian Gottlieb Meyer; Lit .: Elias Sigismund Reinhard: The healed and cleansed conscience of a pious and faithful servant of God / 1. in suffering / 2. in teaching / 3. in sins / from Matth. XXV, v. 21.: Bey ... funeral ceremony Des ... Hn. M. Heinrich Meyers / The H. Schrifft Baccalaurei, and at the church of S. Nicol. Loyal pastor and Vespers preacher who were all here / Sun June 24th, 1669 ... separated from this world ... and the 28th of this month ... Samuel Spörl, Leipzig, 1670, ( digitized version ); Matr. Uni. Leipzig jR, I, 284; Pfb. Saxony ; GND: 117559121;
  8. (* October 27, 1629 in Oels / Lower Silesia; † May 5, 1685 in Breslau) Va. Georg Ortlob, tax collector, Mu. Margaretha Heinitz, Som.-Sem. 1550 Uni. Frankfurt / Oder; July 25, 1650 Uni. Wittenberg, summer semester 1652 Uni. Leipzig, August 6, 1658 Dr. med. University. Padua, 1660 provincial doctor in Namslau, 1672 doctor in Breslau, ⚭ April 16, 1666 with Anna Kurtzmann († October 12, 1678 in Breslau), ad. Letsch, Lit .: Matr. Uni. Frankfurt / O. II 14b, 25; Matr. Uni. Wittenberg AAV IV 50,320; Matr. Uni. Leipzig jR II, 320; Johannes Sinapius Olsnographia. Leipzig & Frankfurt, 1767, vol. 1, p. 986, ( digitized version ); Johann Christian Kundmann: Silesii un Nummis. Michael Hubert, Breslau and Leipzig, 1738, p. 368 ( digitized version ); GND: 120159457;
  9. Sigismund Rupert Sultzberger (* ± 1628 in Dresden; † 15 (7). April 1675 in Leipzig) Johann Rupert Sultzberger (* Graz; † 1640 in Dresden) Prof. med. University. Leipzig, sp. Personal physician in Dresden, mother Susanna Schilling († 1633), summer semester 1641 Uni. Leipzig, November 20, 1652 Bacc. phil. ibid., January 27, 1653 Mag.phil. ibid., June 15, 1656 Dr. med. ibid., Prof. Uni. Leipzig, ⚭ April 15, 1656 in Leipzig with Margarethe Lange (* March 23, 1629 in Leipzig; † May 16, 1700 ibid.), To. d. Prof. theol. University. Leipzig Christian Lange , So. Christian Sigismund Sultzberger, So. Christian Gottfried Sultzberger, To. Christina Margaretha Sultzberger, So. Christianus Gotthelf Sultzberger, To. Johanna Susanna Sultzberger (born January 18, 1660 in Leipzig; † January 3, 1679 ibid.), Lit .: Roth. LP. R 4062 & R 7709; Rector Universitatis Lipsiensis Ad Funus Nobilissimae Matronae Margarethae, Natae Langiae, Sigismundi Rupperti Sulzbergeri, Philosophiae Et Medicinae Doctoris ... Viduae, Hodie XVI. Maji MDCC. Hora III. Deducendum Cives Suos Invitat. Zeidler, Leipzig, 1700, ( digitized version ); Jöcher 4, 939, ( digitized version )
  10. Matthaus Lambert (* Fraustadt) February 23, 1659 Uni. Wittenberg, Uni. Leipzig, Lit .: Matr. Uni. Wittenberg IV 582b, 30; GND: 115507620
  11. ^ Johann Pfeiffer summer semester 1649 Uni. Leipzig (dep.), April 5, 1666 Dr. med. ibid., Lit. Matr. Uni. Leipzig jR II, 330
  12. Martin Heer (born November 10, 1643 in Lauban / Silesia; † May 27, 1707 in Görlitz) Va. Johann Heer, Opfr. Lauban, Mu. Martha Hoffmann, Lauban School, 1653 Gym. Görlitz, summer semester 1658 Uni. Leipzig (dep.), 1660 Stud. Ibid., 1662 Uni. Copenhagen, 1564 Lic. Med. University. Leipzig, April 5, 1666 Dr. med. ibid., 1667 Physikus Lauban, April 15, 1679 Stadtphysikus Görlitz, ⚭ 1668 Rosina Förster, To. d. Burgermstr. u. Kaufmanns in Lauban Michael Förster Lit .: Matr. Uni. Leipzig jR II, 166; Gleanings from Oberlausitzischer Nachrichten. Zittau, 1771, p. 206, ( digitized version ); August Hirsch : Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna & Leipzig, 1886, vol. 3, p. 109, ( digitized version ), Christian Gottlieb Jöcher: Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon . Johann Friedrich Gleditsch, Leipzig, 1750, vol. 2, col. 1432, ( digitized version ); Army, (Mart.). In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 12, Leipzig 1735, column 1079 .; GND: 102510466;
  13. Christian Crusius (born November 14, 1641 in Zittau / Lausitz; † May 21, 1715 ibid.) Va. Simon Crusius, cantor Zittau, winter semester 1656 Uni. Leipzig, Dr. med., 1670 doctor in Zittau, ⚭ I. 1668 with Barbara Meyer, ⚭ II. with Eleonora Zippel, To. Johanna Christiana Crusius ⚭ Johann Siegfried Nesen; Lit .: Matr. Uni. Leipzig, jR II, 661; Johann Benedikt Carpzov: Analecta fastorum Zittaviensium. Leipzig, 1716, p. 132 ( digitized version ) and P. 115 ( digitized version), GND: 123113431;
  14. Jeremias Loss (* ± 1642/43 in Borna; † November 5, 1684 in Wittenberg) Va. Jacob Lossius (* July 2, 1596 in Dippoldiswalde; † January 28, 1663 in Borna), Superintendent Borna, Mu. Maria Krause, March 10, 1657 to July 14, 1662 kurf. Saxon. Ls. St. Augustin Grimma, summer semester 1662 Uni. Leipzig, November 22, 1662 Bacc. phil. ibid., winter semester 1563 Mag.phil. ibid., summer semester 1664 Uni. Jena, adj. Phil. Fac. Ibid., Bacc. med., March 16, 1666 Lic. med. University. Leipzig, April 5, 1666 Dr. med. ibid., December 27, 1668 Uni. Wittenberg, associate professor med. ibid., December 14, 1680 o. Prof. Anatomy and Botany Uni. Wittenberg, Lit .: Grimmens Stammbuch. 80, No. 55; Matr. Uni. Leipzig jR II, 268; Matr. Uni. Jena II, 485; AAV V, 209; Roth: LP. R 9107; BÄL: 4, 44 ( digitized version ); Jöcher: 2, 2537, ( digitized version ); Lossius, (Iremias). In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 18, Leipzig 1738, column 481 .;
  15. Christian Friedrich Garmann (born January 19, 1640 in Merseburg; † July 18, 1708 in Chemnitz) 1659 Uni. Leipzig, December 6th 1667 Dr. med. University. Leipzig, Lit .: Matr. Uni. Leipzig II, 122;
  16. cf. also: Johann Ulrich Mayer: The decorated king's daughter: So outside the beautiful bride song of the prophet Esaiae c. LXI. v. 10. In which words: I am happy in Mr. ... listed / and Bey ... funeral of the ... virgin. Annen Reginen / Deß ... Gottfried Welschens / Philosophiae & Medicinae Doctoris ... former wives dear daughter / Which ... Christ / as your most beloved soul-groom / August 22nd of the past 1674th year ... in his heavenly palace and wedding house introduced / on the 27th of the funeral days set up on this / further listed. Johann Erich Hahn, Leipzig, 1675, ( digitized version )
  17. cf. also: Gottlob Friedrich Seligmann: The corpse entanglement of the highly noble, highly honored and virtuous Matron Fr. Marien, Gebohrner Anckelmannin, Des Weyland Wohl-Noble, Vesten and highly learned gentleman, Mr. Gottfr. Welschens, The Philosophy and Medicin Highly Famous Doctoris, the Medicinische Facultät Decani and Professoris Primarii, at the Fürsten-Collegiorum Collegiati, the Academie Decemviri, and highly deserved senioris, as well as EE Hochweise Raths all here well-established city Physici sel. Estate widows, Which the I. May This last year, blessedly different, but the following 25th of this month the same exequies with Christian funeral ceremonies were held, Wolten with the following lines of mourning and consolation honor noble patrons, great patrons, and esteemed friends. Christoph Friedrich Rumpf, Leipzig, 1705, ( digitized version ); Johann Andreas Glauch: The previous diligent preparation took place Blessed Deaths of the Highly Noble, Highly Honored and Virtuous Women Marien Welschin, Gebohrner Anckelmannin, The Highly Noble, Vesten and Highly Educated Mr. D. Gottfried Welschens, The Medicinischen Facultæt Decani, Professoris Primarii, the Academie Decemviri and Senioris, as well as the large and small Fürsten-Collegii Collegiati, and EE Hochw. Raths well-designed Stadt-Physici sel. Wives widows who were left behind, when you drew the 1st Maji, 1705. gently and blissfully, And then on the 25th Ejusdem your corpse-Begängnüß was held, Wolte out of filial obligations some masses design MJA Glavch, S. Diac. to Weissenfels. Christoph Friedrich Rumpf, Leipzig, 1705, ( digitized version ); Jakob Born: The sad withering away of the highly noble, high honor and virtue praised women Marien Welschin, Gebohrner Anckelmannin, the high noble, Vesten and highly learned Mr. D. Gottfr. Welschens, The Philosophy and Medicin Highly Famous Doctoris, the Medicinische Facultät Decani, Professoris Primarii, both the Fürsten-Collegiorum Collegiati, the Academie Decemviri, and highly deserved senioris, as well as EE Hochweise Raths all here well-established city Physici sel. Left widows, As his most popular wife Groß -Mother of the defendant On the day of her corpse-commencement of the XXV. Maji Anno MDCCV. Christoph Friedrich Rumpf, Leipzig, 1705, ( digitized version ); Johann Gottlieb Welsch: As the highly noble, highly honorable and virtuous matron tit. Mrs. Maria D. Welschin, his beloved wife, grandmother, who died blessed on May 1st, followed by Christian usage on May 1st Your peace was brought, Wolte testify to his filial duty and oath. Christoph Friedrich Rumpf, Leipzig, 1705, ( digitized version ); Johannes Olearius: Rector Universitatis Lipsiensis, Exequias Nobilissimae Matronae, Dn. Mariae, natae from Anckelmann, ... Gottfriedi Welschii ... Viduae Uxori ... XXV. Maii An. MDCCV. eundas ... intimate. Leipzig, 1705, ( digitized version ); Gottlob Friedrich Seligmann: The dearest house, and the most pleasant apartment of ... Frn. Marien, Gebohrner Anckelmannin, Des ... Gottfried Welschens ... Bl. The widows left behind, On the day of their Christian-rich funeral, Was May 25th Anno 1705. Shown in the Academic Pauliner Church .... Rumpf, Leipzig, 1705, ( digitized version )
  18. cf. also: Johann Bendikt Carpzov : The Christian's hopeful desire for eternal life. Christian Scholvin, Leipzig, 1690, ( digitized version )