Great College (Leipzig)
The Great College (because the founder and Great Fürstenkolleg was called) next to the little college one of the two plots of land with buildings, the rulers, the Margrave of Meissen Friedrich and Wilhelm , 1409 the newly founded University of Leipzig donated. The remuneration of the masters - there were twelve in the large college - also belonged to the foundation. The buildings were used for teaching and also served as accommodation for the masters and students.
Location and first development
- In the old courtyard of the Great College
The courtyard side of the Bayernburse, around 1830
The old tavern, 1886
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The Große Kolleg was an area east of the Nikolaikirche between Ritterstraße and the city wall, which bordered on the north side of the Rote Kolleg from the 16th century . After the structural adaptation to the tasks of the university, there were four larger buildings on the area of the large college at the end of the 15th century: the main building, the Meißner Burse , the Sachsenburse and the Bayernburse.
The main house stood by the city wall and was therefore only accessible through the courtyard. The same goes for the Meißner Burse, which was attached to the main building. The Bayernburse stood alongside the Ritterstraße and the Sachsenburse with the gable facing the street. In the courtyard, which was separated from the street by a wall next to the Bayernburse, there were still smaller buildings, including a tavern, which was later called the old tavern to distinguish it from a newer one.
history
16th to 19th century
The main house was built of stones as early as the 15th century. It was used as a place to live, study and meet. In the 17th and 18th centuries it housed the lecture hall of the philosophical and medical faculties. In the Thirty Years' War severely damaged and rebuilt several times, it was up to its demolition 1,841th
The students at medieval universities were to nations divided, hence the name of the bursae, which were designed as a multi-storey timber-framed houses. The Sachsenburse, which burned down several times, was demolished at the beginning of the 17th century. Since the university was dependent on financial income, it rented out residential and business premises or leased or sold parts of land. A private property called "Zur Melone" was created on the grounds of the Sachsenburse. After various changes of ownership, it was acquired by the university in 1820, which expanded it into a commercial building in the second half of the 19th century. Between Bayernburse and “Zur Melone”, a four-storey new building, mainly with student apartments, was built in 1691/92 for the lawyer Lüder Mencke . He had a passage to the courtyard of the Great College. In the passage there was a notice board, the “notice board”. This name soon passed on to the house. The university bought the building in 1816.
Between the Bayernburse and the front building of the Red College, the “New House” (domus nova), a three-storey residential building for professors, was built in 1686, which was later rented to other parties. In the middle of the 18th century, a building for professors' apartments, the “Trinity House”, was built in the courtyard of the Great College, adjacent to the Red College. Christian Fürchtegott Gellert lived here, among others . The building existed until 1903.
In 1834 Bayernburse was sold to the booksellers' association. He tore it down and built the bookseller exchange here , which he used until the booksellers' house was built in 1888. After the building was bought back by the university, which was still the owner of the property, a cafeteria, called “Konvikt”, was built here. The Konvikt building on the area of the Paulinerkolleg had fallen victim to the Roßbachschen new buildings.
After the city fortifications had fallen at the end of the 18th century and a street was built on the east side of the Große Kolleg (from 1839 Am upper Park, from 1865 Goethestrasse), this side of the property complex became structurally interesting. On the area of the main house, which was demolished for this purpose, the “Prussian House” was built in 1843 according to plans by Albert Geutebrück , in which shops and apartments were rented, including rooms to the Harmonie Society . In the Meißner Burse, which adjoins it to the south, shops facing the new street were rented out. The "New Schenkenhaus", built at the end of the 17th century on the site of the old and behind the bulletin board, was operated as the "Hotel Schwarzes Bret" from the Goethestrasse side at the end of the 19th century. The property "Zur Melone" had a house on Goethestrasse, and next to it was a residential and commercial building belonging to the university with the " Theaterpassage ".
- The western (Ritterstrasse) side of the Great College around 1900 and today
The New House
(domus nova), No. 14
Das Konvikt (until 1888 bookseller exchange ), No. 12
“Schwarzes Brett”, No. 10 and “Zur Melone”, No. 8
Institute for Classical Archeology, No. 14
The University Guest House, No. 12
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20th century
The 20th century brought great changes to the grounds of the Great College. In 1903, the New House on Ritterstrasse was demolished and replaced by the building of the Institute for Classical Archeology, which still exists today. The Konvikt fell victim to the bombing of Leipzig during World War II and was replaced by a university guest house in the late 1980s. In 1907 the building and land of the notice board and the melon were taken over by the Chamber of Commerce, which had a building for the commercial college built from 1908 to 1910 according to plans by Fritz Schumacher and with architectural decorations by Georg Wrba . Renamed "Geschwister-Scholl-Haus" in 1948 , it served the economic and social science faculties of the university. After the renovation in 1995, the Institute for Art Education is at home here.
Towards Augustusplatz , the old Theaterpassagen building at Goethestrasse 2 was demolished in 1927/1928 and the Krochhochhaus was built there, but it still had the passage to Haus Ritterstrasse 4 (now Motel One Augustusplatz ). The skyscraper was initially built by the private bank Kroch jr. KGaA was used until 1939 when the German-Jewish banker Hans Kroch had to transfer ownership of the institute and building to Industrie und Handelsbank AG in the course of the " Aryanization " of German companies by the National Socialists . After the Second World War, various university facilities were housed here. The building has been the property of the university since 1994 and, after a complete renovation, has been home to the Egyptian Museum and the Egyptological Institute since 2009 .
On the properties of Melone, New Schenkenhaus and Meißner Burse (Goethestrasse 3–5), a four-storey commercial building in the historicism style was built in 1910/1911 on behalf of the Dresdner Bank according to designs by the architect Martin Dülfer . In 1937 the Saxon Bank acquired the property. After the reconstruction of the partially destroyed house, the university was the leaseholder from 1948 and owner of the building from 1954, in which the (university) bookstore "Franz-Mehring-Haus" was located on the first floor from the beginning of the 1950s, which is why the building in Leipzig in general known as "Mehringhaus". In 1993, Dresdner Bank (now Commerzbank ) acquired the building and the university facilities moved out. The largest bookstore in the country during the GDR era was 2000 square meters and closed at the beginning of 2009. Today there is a Commerzbank branch on the ground floor next to a shop of the Wellensteyn textile chain .
The Prussian House was destroyed in the Second World War, as was the rear building of the Red College, facing Goethestrasse. The “ Jenny Marx ” student dormitory with 433 places in 204 rooms was built on their property from 1963 to 1965 and was operated as a hotel during trade fairs. After renovations in 1993/1994, it is used by the university management.
- The eastern (Goethestrasse / Augustusplatz) side of the Great College around 1900 and today
Theaterpassage, Zur Melone, Hotel Schwarzes Bret, Meißner and Prussian House,
Goethestrasse 2-6
Krochhochhaus ,
No. 2
“Mehringhaus” (formerly Dresdner Bank),
No. 3–5
University administration (previously student dormitory),
No. 6
literature
- Senate Commission for Research into the History of Leipzig University and Science (Ed.): History of the University of Leipzig 1409–2009 , Volume 5: History of Leipzig University Buildings in an Urban Context , Leipziger Universitätsverlag 2009, ISBN 978-3-86583-305-1
- Ernst Müller: The house names of old Leipzig . (Writings of the Association for the History of Leipzig, Volume 15). Leipzig 1931, reprint Ferdinand Hirt 1990, ISBN 3-7470-0001-0 , pp. 25 and 72
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ altes-leipzig.net: Franz-Mehring-Haus, University Bookstore at Karl-Marx-Platz display 1952
- ↑ boersenblatt.net: End of a legend
Coordinates: 51 ° 20 ′ 25 ″ N , 12 ° 22 ′ 47 ″ E