Tobias Stimmer

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Tobias Stimmer; Self-Portrait 1563.
House of the Knight in Schaffhausen
Portraits of the Zurich panner Jacob Schwytzer and his wife Elsbeth Lochmann

Tobias Stimmer (born April 7, 1539 in Schaffhausen , † January 4, 1584 in Strasbourg ) was a Swiss painter , draftsman and wood cutter.

origin

Tobias Stimmer was born in Schaffhausen as the eldest son of a calligraphy writer and German school master. Four of his ten siblings can be proven to be independent artists: Abel Stimmer (1542–1606) as a painter and etcher , Gideon Stimmer (1545–1578) as a painter and draftsman for glass painting , Hans Christoffel Stimmer (1549–1578) as a form cutter and Josias Stimmer ( 1544 – after 1574) as a painter.

Artistic career

In 1564 he created the portrait of the Zurich doctor and natural scientist Conrad Gessner , the double portrait of the Zurich pannier carrier Jacob Schwyzer and his wife Elsbeth Lochmann, as well as an oil portrait of the reformer Heinrich Bullinger , the original of which has been lost but has survived in contemporary copies. In 1567 Stimmer portrayed the Mayor of Zurich Bernhard von Cham . From 1568 commissioned works for illustrations (such as woodcuts) were created by Basler, Strasbourg and Heidelberg publishers ( Bernhard Jobin , Johann Spies ). In the same year, Stimmer created the facade paintings of the Haus zum Ritter in Schaffhausen for Hans von Waldkirch . From 1569 to 1570 Tobias Stimmer stayed in Como , where he drew the famous portrait collection of the historian Paolo Giovio on behalf of the Basel publisher Pietro Perna . After returning, Tobias Stimmer settled in Strasbourg. There he worked as an illustrator for Johann Fischart and Bernhard Jobin on a large scale. From 1571 to 1574, Tobias Stimmer designed the case of the astronomical clock in the Strasbourg Cathedral on behalf of the mathematician and astronomer Conrad Dasypodius . He was also responsible for the design of the figures. From 1575 Perna in Basel published the series of portraits based on the drawings that Tobias Stimmer had made in Como. Jacob Burckhardt referred to the importance of the portraits (such as Leon Battista Alberti , Leonardo da Vinci , Michelangelo , Cesare Borgia , Charles the Bold ), all the more since some of the originals are lost. In 1576, the Basel publisher Thomas Guarin published the picture Bible designed by Tobias Stimmer and edited by Johann Fischart, the highlight of Tobias Stimmer's work as an illustrator. From 1576 to 1578 Tobias Stimmer painted the ceiling of the new castle in Baden-Baden with 13 allegorical figures. Tobias Stimmer died in Strasbourg in mid-January 1584 at the age of 45.

meaning

After Holbein, Tobias Stimmer is considered the most distinctive artist of his time. Despite its high quality, his work is comparatively little known. One reason for this is the high rate of loss of his works in the wars of the past centuries. The last major loss of seven pictures from the collection of the Museum zu Allerheiligen occurred as a result of the bombing of Schaffhausen on April 1, 1944 by Allied aircraft . The holdings of the former Allerheiligen monastery were expanded again.

Book editions

  • Tobias Stimmer: Comedia: a nüw schimpff game of two young people how to behave in a falling tear on both sides / posed by TSVSM ; [for the first time ed. by Jakob Oeri]. [Jacob Huber], Frauenfeld 1891.
  • Tobias Stimmer: Comedia of two young married couples provided by Tobiam Stimmer von Schaffhausen, painter in 1580, December 22nd. Now put back on track by Georg Witkowski . Haessel , Leipzig 1915.
  • Tobias Stimmer: New artificial figures from biblical histories / thoroughly ripped by Tobia Stimmer and conceived by JFGM Basel 1576 (ND Munich 1923) to god-fearing reverence for devout hearts with nice rhymes .

literature

  • Max Bendel: Tobias Stimmer. Life and works . Atlantis, Zurich 1940.
  • Gisela Bucher: Worldly pleasures. Iconological studies on Tobias Stimmer (1539–1584) . Lang, Bern 1992.
  • Reto Caluori: Tobias Stimmer . In: Andreas Kotte (Ed.): Theater Lexikon der Schweiz . Volume 3, Chronos, Zurich 2005, ISBN 3-0340-0715-9 , p. 1756 f.
  • Thomas Freivogel: Stimmer, Tobias. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Rolf Max Kully: Tobias Stimmer's 'Comedia' . In: Late Renaissance on the Upper Rhine. Tobias Stimmer, 1539-1584. Catalog of the exhibition at the Kunstmuseum Basel, September 23 - December 9, 1984. Kunstmuseum, Basel 1984, pp. 381–391.
  • Hans Lieb: Tobias Voucher birth and death . In: Schaffhauser Contributions to History . Volume 67, 1990, pp. 255-262.
  • Ernst Polaczek:  Tuner, Tobias . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 55, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1910, pp. 630-633.
  • Philipp Schmidt: The illustration of the Luther Bible 1522-1700. A piece of occidental cultural and church history. With a list of Bibles, pictures and artists . Reinhardt, Basel 1962, pp. 297-300.
  • August Stolberg : Tobias Stimmer, his life and his works. With contributions to the history of German glass painting in the 16th century . Reprint of the 1901 edition. Kraus, Nendeln 1979.
  • Emil Maurer : Tuner in Rubens' point of view. Remarks on the tuner reception by Rubens. In: ders .: Mannerism. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, Munich 2001, ISBN 978-3-7705-3523-1 , pp. 202-214.
  • Dieter Koepplin, Paul Tanner (Ed.): Late Renaissance on the Upper Rhine. Tobias Stimmer 1539 - 1584. Catalog of the exhibition in the Kunstmuseum Basel, 23 September - 9 December 1984. Kunstmuseum, Basel 1984.
  • Museum zu Allerheiligen (ed.): Art from rubble. The bombing of the All Saints' Day Museum in 1944 and its consequences. Baden 2019, ISBN 978-3-03919-489-6 .

Web links

Commons : Tobias Stimmer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jochen Hesse: The archetype of the age portrait of Heinrich Bullinger ; in: Querblicke, Zürcher Reformationsgeschichten , ed. by Peter Niederhäuser and Regula Schmid; Chronos Verlag, Zurich 2019; 203 p., Ill. ( Communications from the Antiquarian Society in Zurich , Volume 86); ISBN 978-3-0340-1498-4 , pp. 176-181.
  2. ^ Rolf Heyers: Dr. Georg Marius, called Mayer von Würzburg (1533-1606). (Dental) medical dissertation Würzburg 1957, p. 79 f.
  3. ^ Andreas Rüfenacht: The destroyed art department and the consequences of its destruction as well as catalog of the destroyed works. In: Museum zu Allerheiligen (Ed.): Art from rubble. The bombing of the All Saints' Day Museum in 1944 and its consequences. Baden 2019, ISBN 978-3-03919-489-6 .
  4. ↑ Luca Stoppa: Filling the gaps - the art and culture donations for the museum. In: Museum zu Allerheiligen (Ed.): Art from rubble. The bombing of the All Saints' Day Museum in 1944 and its consequences. Baden 2019, ISBN 978-3-03919-489-6 .
personal data
SURNAME Tuner, Tobias
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss painter and draftsman
DATE OF BIRTH April 7, 1539
PLACE OF BIRTH Schaffhausen
DATE OF DEATH January 4, 1584
Place of death Strasbourg