Antonite Monastery Eicha

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Manor house of the Eicha Vorwerk with ancillary building - formerly the Antonite monastery

The Antoniterkloster Eicha was a monastery of the Antoniter-Order (Antoniter-Canonherren) in today's Naunhofer district Eicha, southeast of Leipzig and the southernmost branch of Schloss Lichtenburg , the only general prefecture of the Antonites in Electoral Saxony . From 1512 a monastery property also belonged to the monastery . The rural settlement around this was the village of Eicha, which was incorporated into Albrechtshain in 1948 and then to Naunhof in 1993.

history

From the monastery to the Vorwerk

Representation of the Eicha Vorwerk (formerly Klostergut) and the neighboring town of Albrechtshain on a map from 1828 - the brickworks and two clay pits are also shown

In 1454 the construction of a Lady Chapel began, which was consecrated to the Virgin Mary to the oak . In 1490 the monastery was founded by Elector Friedrich the Wise and in the same year the chapel was handed over to the Order of Antonites. The construction was carried out by the architect and builder Conrad Pflüger , and they were completed in 1494. In 1497, Pope Alexander VI gave the monastery . the license to practice medicine .

In 1506 extensive construction work was carried out on the church and monastery. In 1512 the Antonites came into the possession of the lordship of Albrechtshain , which in 1443 was made a personal treasure of Barbara von Wolframsdorf. In addition, in 1510 the grinding mill in Erdmannshain to the south belonged to the monastery property.

After the Reformation signs of disintegration became noticeable in Eicha and Lichtenburg from 1523, the Eicha Preceptor offered the property to the Saxon elector for purchase in April 1525. In December 1525, after financial compensation from the order , the latter transferred it to his Obermarschall Hans von Minckwitz , who had the church demolished the following year. Albert Schiffner remarked in 1828 in the State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony:

“ When the Closter was closed, the organ and library were transferred to St. Thomas Church in Leipzig , and the last procurator, Heinr. Ratz, they moved to Naunhof as pastor in 1529. "

As compensation for the war-related destruction of the building of the Georgen Hospital Leipzig during the Schmalkaldic War , the now elector Moritz donated Gut Eicha to the hospital in 1547. Because of the temporary amalgamation of the Leipzig hospitals, it also temporarily belonged to the manor of the Johannishospital .

From 1815 the manor , which had meanwhile been mentioned as Vorwerk and belonged to the Pomßen manor , went into private ownership with the latter. It was first owned by Johann Gottfried Dietze senior. and after his death in 1830 his son - until 1847 under guardianship - Johann Gottfried Dietze jun. until 1883. In 1890 Otto Friedrich von Schönburg-Waldenburg bought the Vorwerk from the previous owner Karl Gottlieb Weiß. It remained in the possession of the noble family until the expropriation in 1945.

In 1952, the Agricultural Production Cooperative (LPG) "Max Reimann" , founded on August 6, took over the building. After the political change in 1990 , the mansion was renovated and is now privately owned.

On the day of the open monument on September 10, 1995, the vaults of the former monastery were open to the public for the first time.

Pilgrimage

The "miraculous" Altar Beatae Mariae Virginis - after the dissolution of the monastery in the church Albrecht Hain spent

The pilgrimage began before the time of the carter legend of 1454. For this and the Eicha pilgrimage, the onomasticon of the “Pirnischen Mönchs” from 1530 is the most important source, according to which the “great church journey to our love Frawen” originated in Eicha in 1454, after a carter, whose wagon got stuck in the quagmire , was given help by invoking Mary, whose picture he "obtained from an oak tree".

The pilgrimage seems to have been successfully promoted by the Antonite Order after the monastery was founded. In 1509 the Merseburg bishop renounced his claims to the chapel in Eicha and received a payment of 1000 guilders in return, which, along with other news about important credit transactions by the Eicha Antonites, speaks for a strong visit to the chapel. The significant, verifiable decline in beverage sales in the Eicha inn at the end of 1522 can be seen as an indication of the crisis of this pilgrimage.

The monastery appears for the first time in Martin Luther's writings in 1525, i.e. at a time when its dissolution was already in progress or completed. In his justification of the Protestant attitude to image worship against the enthusiastic iconoclasts , the images of the Virgin Mary in Eicha, Rötha and Grimmenthal functioned as model cases of image worship, which is why the authorities advised that they should be destroyed. Luther offers two versions of the appearance of the image of Mary: on the one hand, as a “small image of Mary painted on a piece of paper” in 1529 and, on the other hand, that there were pillars in the papacy, “there stood and erected images [...] like in our time at the oak “What a carved image of grace would speak. However, Luther himself only made several stops in Eicha after the pilgrimage had ended, so it is questionable how well he was informed about the local situation. - The “miraculous” altar of Beatae Mariae Virginis can be found today in the nearby Albrechtshain church .

August Schumann explains the pilgrimage:

“At the time of the Reformation, especially earlier in the Middle Ages, Eicha was a famous place of pilgrimage because of an image of Mary. Because Protestant preaching was first carried out in the local church, so many people from Leipzig migrated here every Sunday that Duke Georg finally had to forbid it under severe punishment. "

In 1530 the Lutheran pastor Johann Pfeffinger was “promoted by the Elector, Johann, Duke of Saxony, to the Eicha monastery, near Naunhof, in the Diöces Grimma […]. Many from Leipzig attended Pfeffinger's lectures and enjoyed the evening meal under beyderley's guise in the church of the Eicha monastery. ”In 1532 Pfeffinger was called to Belgern . In 1539 he gave the first Protestant sermon in the Nikolaikirche in Leipzig.

One last “quasi-pilgrimage” to Eicha took place on Whitsunday, May 31, 1839, 300 years after Pfeffinger's sermon in Leipzig, when numerous Leipzig believers set out in 60 carriages to make stops in Zuckelhausen , Holzhausen and Albrechtshain on the foundation walls of the demolished monastery church to commemorate Eicha Pfeffinger's Leipzig sermon and the 300-year Reformation in Leipzig.

literature

  • Uwe Schirmer (Ed.): Eicha Monastery - pilgrimage, Antoniter, Reformation, and local history , Sax Verlag, Beucha 1997, ISBN 978-3-930076-51-2
  • Cornelius Gurlitt : Eicha. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 19. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Grimma (1st half) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1897, p. 64.
  • Johann Georg, Theodor Grasse: The image of Mary to Eicha at Naunhof . In: The legends of the Kingdom of Saxony . Volume 1. 2. improved and enlarged edition. Verlag Schönfeld, 1874, pp. 346–347 ( Wikisource )

Web links

Commons : Antoniterkloster Eicha  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Eicha in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  2. ↑ a b c Herrenhaus Eicha on www.freizeitobjekte.de , accessed on May 9, 2011
  3. ↑ Andreas Tacke (Ed.): I poor sundiger man - saints and relic cult at the transition to the denominational age . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2006, p. 518
  4. ↑ a b Albrechtshain-Eicha timetable . ( Memento from December 24, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) City of Naunhof; accessed on December 23, 2017
  5. ↑ The history of our house . Erdmannshain Mill Restaurant; Retrieved June 10, 2011
  6. ↑ a b Andreas Tacke (ed.): I poor sundiger man - saints and reliquary cult at the transition to the denominational age . Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2006, pp. 518-519
  7. ↑ Eicha . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 15th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1828, p. 510.
  8. ↑ Leipzig Lexicon
  9. ^ Johann Georg, Theodor Grasse: The image of Mary to Eicha at Naunhof . In: The legends of the Kingdom of Saxony . Volume 1. 2. improved and enlarged edition. Verlag Schönfeld, 1874, pp. 346–347 ( Wikisource )
  10. ↑ Andreas Tacke (Ed.): I poor sundiger man - saints and relic cult at the transition to the denominational age ; Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2006; P. 519
  11. ↑ Eicha, Eiche . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 2nd volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1815, p. 349 f.
  12. ↑ Erdmann Hannibal Albrecht: Saxon Evangelical Lutheran Church and Preaching History, from its origin to the present time ; Leipzig, 1799; P. 39
  13. ↑ pageant and Betfahrt after Zuckelhausen, Holzhausen, Albrecht Hain and Eicha on the 3rd Whitsun holidays . In: Description of the 300th anniversary of the Reformation in Leipzig . Leipzig 1839 ( online )

Coordinates: 51 ° 17 ′ 43.8 ″  N , 12 ° 34 ′ 10.1 ″  E