Giuliano da Maiano

Giuliano da Maiano (partly also written Giuliano da Majano , * 1432 in Maiano (today part of the municipality of Fiesole ), † October 17, 1490 in Naples ) was an Italian architect , sculptor and cabinet maker .

Portrait of Giuliano da Maiano from the Vite des Vasari

The Palazzo Antinori in Florence

The Santuario della Santa Casa in Loreto

The Santuario di Santa Maria del Sasso in Bibbiena

The Palazzo Spannocchi in Siena

Detail of the Palazzo Spannocchi in Siena

Historical picture of the Rocca di Montepoggiolo in Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole

Life

He was born in 1432 in Maiano near Fiesole near Florence as Giuliano di Leonardo (or Nardo) d'Antonio . The date of birth is considered certain, since he was recorded in the documents of the municipality as a three year old and in 1480 declared himself to be 48 years old. He grew up in Maiano in the district of San Martino as the older brother of Benedetto da Maiano and Giovanni da Maiano (also known as Giovanni I. da Maiano, * 1439, † 1478) and with his three sisters, Angelica, Costanza and Mechera ( also called Domenica). His grandfather was Antonio di Leonardo , his mother's name was Diana, and his father Leonardo d'Antonio (also called Nardo d'Antonio ) was a local carpenter . Around 1440 or a little later, the family moved with the father's brothers, Giovanni, Ottaviano and Leonardo d'Antonio, to Florence in Via dell'Ariento near the Basilica di San Lorenzo di Firenze . In 1454 he married the fourteen year old Maddalena (Lena) Finiguerra, the sister of Maso Finiguerra , with whom he had three daughters (Francesca, Ginevra and Lucrezia). In 1465 the family bought a new property in Via San Gallo , also in the immediate vicinity of San Lorenzo. Land purchases near Prato took place in 1472, 1474 and 1477. He died in Naples on October 17, 1490 and was buried in the Chiesa dei Santi Severino e Sossio in Naples. His current fame consists mainly of being mentioned in the Vite dei più eccellenti pittori, scultori e architetti by Giorgio Vasari , his skills as a decorator of the inlaid style , as a timber builder and as an organizer who coordinated the skills of his brothers and his collaborators like Neri di Bicci .

Artistic work

Giuliano da Maiano first enjoyed an apprenticeship as a carpenter in his father's workshop, which he ran with his brother Ottaviano on the corner of Via de 'Servi (now Via dei Servi) and Via del Castellaccio in Florence, then he learned architecture at Francione (born as Francesco di Giovanni , * around 1425 in Florence; † July 25, 1495 ibid.), where he got to know the techniques of Filippo Brunelleschi . Since 1449 he has been a member of the guild of the Arte dei Maestri di pietra e legname (stone and wood art). In 1455 he began a collaboration with Neri di Bicci that lasted eighteen years and was documented in detail in the Ricordanze des Bicci. From 1460 to 1468 da Maiano worked on the cathedral of San Gimignano , where he expanded the cathedral and built the Cappella di Santa Fina . From 1462 to 1472 he was the house architect of the Pazzi in Florence. From 1462 to 1465 he extended the ground floor of the Palazzo dello Strozzino for the Strozzi family , which was started by Michelozzo di Bartolommeo . In addition to artists such as Francesco di Giorgio , Giuliano da Sangallo , Donato Bramante , Baccio Pontelli and Andrea Sansovino , he took part in the expansion of the Santuario della Santa Casa in Loreto from 1468 onwards .

The Duomo of Faenza began da Maiano in 1474; however, the cathedral was not completed until 1515, i.e. after Giuliano's death, and was not consecrated until 1581 . He then designed the Palazzo Venieri in Recanati for Cardinal Giacopo Antonio Venier . In Siena on March 15, 1473, on behalf of Ambrogio Spannocchi, he began the Palazzo Spannocchi (also called Palazzo Spannocchieschi , completed around the beginning of 1476), a building which adjoins the Palazzo Salimbeni on the right and which is now owned by the Monte dei Paschi bank di Siena is used.

From April 2, 1477 he was master builder of the cathedral of Florence , but he lost this post on May 2, 1488 due to frequent absence to his rival Giuliano da Sangallo. On December 15, 1488, he was reinstated in his old position, which he then retained until his death.

From 1484 Giuliano da Maiano stayed in Naples on the recommendation of Lorenzo il Magnifico , where he was commissioned by Alfonso II to build the villa in Poggioreale in Sicily . He also built the city gates Porta Capuana and Porta Nolana in Naples and the Cappella Tolosa in the Chiesa di Sant'Anna dei Lombardi . He died in Naples in 1490, where he left his workshop to the brothers Ippolito (Polito) and Pietro del Donzello, both from Florence.

Works (selection)

• Arezzo , Chiesa di Santa Maria delle Grazie: cloister of the abbey
• Bibbiena , Santuario di Santa Maria del Sasso: New construction of the sanctuary, started in 1486 and completed a year later.
• Bucine , Badia di San Pietro a Ruoti: Incoronazione della Vergine (Coronation of Mary, 1472, with Neri di Bicci)
• Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole , Rocca di Montepoggiolo: extension of the fortress from 1482 to 1490
• Faenza , Cathedral of San Pietro Apostolo, from 1474
• Florence, Florence Cathedral : decorations of the sacristy with his brother Benedetto da Maiano (1463 to 1465), cathedral builder from 1477 to 1490
• Florence, Palazzo Antinori: sculptures and decorations (approx. 1458 to 1461)
• Florence, Palazzo Pazzi (Quaratesi): sculptures and decorations, restructuring of the building (1462 to 1472) and the Pazzi Chapel
• Florence, Palazzo dello Strozzino: decorations and window designs (Biforen, 1456)
• Florence, Palazzo Vecchio : sculptures and decorations in
  • Sala del Consiglio (Dugento, coffered ceilings)
  • Sala dei Gigli
  • Sala dell'Udienza
• Loreto, Santuario della Santa Casa: Extension work and extension with Giuliano da Sangallo and others.
• Naples:
  • Chiesa di Sant'Anna dei Lombardi : Cappella Tolosa
  • City gates Porta Capuana and Porta Nolana
• Poggioreale : Villa di Poggioreale (destroyed)
• Pisa , Pisa Cathedral : wooden structure of the frame of the cross (1462 to 1466)
• Prato, Prato Cathedral : Madonna dell'Olivo (Tabernacle)
• Recanati : Palazzo Venieri, portal of Sant'Agostino and San Domenico
• San Gimignano, Collegiata di Santa Maria Assunta (Cathedral of San Gimignano): extension and extension in 1460, construction of the Cappella di Santa Fina in 1468
• Siena, Basilica di San Clemente in Santa Maria dei Servi : construction of the roof truss, 1480
• Siena: creation of the Palazzo Spannocchi , built in 1475
• Urbino , Palazzo Ducale : participation in the construction, attributed, 1476

literature

• Max Semrau : Giuliano da Maiano, actually Giuliano di Leonardo (Nardo) d'Antonio . In: Ulrich Thieme , Fred. C. Willis (Ed.): General lexicon of visual artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 14 : Giddens-Gress . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1921, p. 211-213 ( Text Archive - Internet Archive ).
• Daniela Lamberini:  Giuliano da Maiano. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 56:  Giovanni di Crescenzio – Giulietti. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2001, pp. 754-762.
• Maiano, Giuliano there . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 55, Saur, Munich a. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-598-22795-0 , p. 422ff ..
• Giorgio Vasari : Le vite dei più eccellenti pittori, scultori e architetti (= I mammut 4). 6. edizione integrale. Grandi tascabili economici Newton, Rome 2011, ISBN 978-88-541-1425-8 , pp. 373-375.
• Giorgio Vasari: The life of Giuliano da Maiano, Antonio and Bernardo Rossellino, Desiderio da Settignano and Benedetto da Maiano. Newly translated into German by Victoria Lorini. Ed., Commented by introduced by Sabine Feser and Christina Irlenbusch. Verlag Klaus Wagenbach , Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-8031-5057-8 .

Web links

Commons : Giuliano da Maiano  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ Website of the online edition of the Treccani, accessed on May 1, 2011
2. ^ Official website of the Bank Monte dei Paschi for the Palazzo Soannocchi, accessed on May 1, 2011
3. ↑ Official website of the Direzione Regionale per i beni culturali e paesaggistici delle Marche, accessed on May 1, 2011 ( Memento of the original from June 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.