Francesco di Giorgio Martini

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Francesco di Girgio Martini. Illustration from "Le Vite" by Giorgio Vasari (1568)
Santa Maria delle Grazie al Calcinaio near Cortona

Francesco di Giorgio Martini (baptized on September 23, 1439 in Siena , † 1502 ibid) was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and architectural theorist.

Life

The first known biographical information about di Giorgio Martini is the date and place of his baptism on September 23, 1439 in Siena .

Francesco di Giorgio was trained in painting by Vecchietta . Initially he worked in Orvieto and from 1463 in Siena , where he was engaged in subordinate decorative and structural work, especially in fortifications. From 1478 he was entrusted with the completion of the Palazzo Ducale in Urbino. During this time he designed further fortifications for his client Federico da Montefeltro in and around Urbino. He resided there as court architect at least until Montefeltro's death in 1482.

In 1490 he was commissioned to make the model for the dome of the Milan Cathedral , which was executed by Giovanni Antonio Amadeo in 1493 .

He is said to have invented mines for the first time during the siege of Naples in 1495.

He died in Siena in 1501 or 1502 and was buried there in the crypt of the Basilica dell'Osservanza .

In addition to smaller writings, Francesco di Giorgio left two tracts on architecture, which are now called Trattato I (probably 1478–1481) and Trattato II (around 1490). They have both come down to us in several handwritten versions and are richly illustrated.

In the list of books by Leonardo da Vinci , Francesco di Giorgio da Siena is mentioned, which indicates that Leonardo owned works by di Giorgio.

What is special about Francesco di Giorgio Martini are his various works in almost all disciplines of art. These are both theoretical and practical:

  • Architecture (profane, religious and military)
  • Architectural theory (own treatises, as well as partial translation of Vitruvius De Architectura )
  • Painting (especially religious)
  • Sculptural works

Works (selection)

Coronation of Mary, Pinacoteca Nazionale di Siena , 1472–1473
Rocca di Mondavio
Studiolo Federicos da Montefeltro
Architectural perspective , Gemäldegalerie Berlin , approx. 1490–1500 (authorship not confirmed)
  • From 1478: Palazzo Ducale in Urbino (further construction of the Palazzo Ducale started by Luciano Laurana )
  • 1478–1486: Rocca di Sassofeltrio (not preserved)
  • 1478–1486: Rocca di Tavoleto (not preserved)
  • 1480 and 1490: Essays on architectural theories Trattato I and Trattato II
  • 1480–1491: Church of San Bernardino near Urbino
  • 1481: Rocca (mountain fortress) and Torrione (city tower) in Cagli
  • 1483–1485: Rocca di Mondavio
  • 1483–1485: Rocca di Mondolfo (destroyed in 1894)
  • 1485–1515: Santa Maria delle Grazie al Calcinaio near Cortona (preserved greatly changed)
  • 1486–1498: Palazzo della Signoria in Jesi
  • 1489–97: Four bronze sculptures for the high altar of the Cathedral of Siena

literature

  • Francesco Paolo Fiore-Claudia Cieri Via:  FRANCESCO di Giorgio di Martino (Francesco Maurizio di Giorgio Martini). In: Fiorella Bartoccini (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 49:  Forino – Francesco da Serino. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1997.
  • Marc JM van den Broek : Leonardo da Vinci's inventiveness. A search for clues . NA-Verlag, Mainz 2018
  • Allen Stuart Weller : Francesco di Giorgio 1439-1501 . The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1943 (obsolete in various respects)
  • Christoffer H. Ericsson : Roman architecture expressed in sketches by Francesco di Giorgio Martini . Soc. Scientiarum Fennica, Helsinki 1980, Commentationes humanarum litterarum Volume 66, ISBN oA
  • Francesco di Giorgio Martini : Trattati di architettura ingegneria e arte militare. 2 vols. by Corrado Maltese. Milan 1967.
  • Scaglia, Gustina : Il "Vitruvio Magliabechiano" by Francesco di Giorgio Martini. Florence 1985.
  • Ralph Toledano , Francesco di Giorgio Martini pittore e scultore . Milan 1987.
  • F. Mariano , Francesco di Giorgio: la Pratica Militare , Urbino, 1989.
  • Scaglia, Gustina : Francesco di Giorgio. Checklist and history of manuscripts and drawings in autographs and copies from approx. 1470 to 1687 and renewed copies (1764 - 1839) . Bethlehem, Pa 1992.
  • Francesco Paolo Fiore, Manfredo Tafuri (eds.), Francesco di Giorgio architetto . Milan 1993.
  • Alberto Mazzacchera , La Rocca e il Palazzo Pubblico del duca Federico da Montefeltro. Nuovi documenti e riflessioni sulle fabbriche di Francesco di Giorgio a Cagli in Contributi e ricerche su Francesco di Giorgio nell'Italia Centrale , Urbanio 2006.
  • Francesco Paolo Fiore , L'architettura militare di Francesco di Giorgio: realizzazioni e trattati , in: Cresti, Carlo (ed.): Architettura militare nell'Europa del XVI secolo, conference files, Siena 1988, pp. 35-47.

Web links

Commons : Francesco di Giorgio Martini  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Francesco di Giorgio - Italian artist. In: Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved July 5, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Modern edition: Francesco di Giorgio Martini: Trattati di architettura ingegneria e arte militare. 2 vols. Milan 1967.
  3. ↑ Marc van den Broek : Leonardo da Vinci's ingenuity. A search for traces , Mainz, 2018, ISBN 978-3-961760-45-9 , pp. 260-261
  4. ^ The Coronation of the Virgin. In: Web Gallery of Art. Accessed July 5, 2020 .
  5. ^ Francesco di Giorgio Martini: Trattato di architettura civile e militare, ... Ed .: Cesare Saluzzo. Tipographia Chirio e Mina, 1841 ( google.de [accessed on July 7, 2020]).
personal data
SURNAME Francesco di Giorgio Martini
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Giorgio, Francesco di
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian architect, sculptor and painter
DATE OF BIRTH baptized September 23, 1439
PLACE OF BIRTH Siena
DATE OF DEATH 1501
Place of death Siena