Juliane Giovane

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Julie Duchesse de Giovane
(engraving by S. John after a picture by V. Kinninger , 1800)

Duchess Juliane Giovane di Girasole (born December 21, 1766 in Würzburg ; died in August 1805 in Ofen , Austrian Empire ; also: Duchessa Giuliana Giovene di Girasole, née Reichsfreiin Juliane von Mudersbach-Redwitz and other spellings) was a German writer and lady-in-waiting in the time of the Enlightenment. It is not known why she naturalized her family name as Giovane instead of Giovene with her writings from 1791.

Life

Reichsfreiin Juliane von Mudersbach was born in Augustinergasse 11 in a family of the Franconian aristocracy related to Prince Bishop Philipp von Schönborn in Würzburg. Already at the age of thirteen, living with her sister with her widowed mother, she spoke Italian like a Florentine with the Neapolitan Abbé Vitale, who was staying with Franz Oberthür in Würzburg . Already in her youth she was involved in the publication of the short-lived German women's magazine " Pomona for Teutschlands Töchter " (1783/84) by Sophie von La Roche . She was supported by her mother's older friend Karl Theodor von Dalberg , who had to provide for her dowry and with whom she later published a book.

In a procuration ceremony on April 18, 1786, she married Duca Nicola Giovene di Girasole, ten years older than her ten years her seniority , in the Würzburg Michaelskirche - his deputy was Baron von Eberstein - and moved to live with him in southern Italy. Duke Nicola Giovene married again in 1805 after her death, he died in 1820. The son Carlo was born on April 30, 1787, Queen Maria Carolina was godmother, the daughter Elisabetta died in childhood. Duke Carlo Giovene died in 1849, his great-grandson was Andrea Giovene .

At the Neapolitan court of the Bourbons , she became lady-in-waiting to Queen Maria Carolina of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine .

Goethe received the Duchessa Giovane di Girasole in a small apartment upstairs in Capodimonte Castle

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was on his Italian journey and had stopped in Naples on the return journey from Sicily. He was received by her on June 2, 1787 in her apartment in the Castle of Capodimonte . The “well-formed young lady of very gentle and moral conversation” had a learned conversation with him about Johann Gottfried Herder , Christian Garve and the German writers and sought confirmation of her literary ambitions from him. In the evening they watched the spectacle of the Vesuvius eruption from the window . Herder also paid her respects on his Grand Tour and wrote about it to his wife Karoline on February 2, 1789 . Giovane collected minerals on Vesuvius and wrote a small treatise on oryctognosia .

After bitter experiences in her marriage and the separation from her husband ("rozzo et brutale") in 1790 she went to Vienna and continued to bear the title and name of a Duchess Giovane. Son Carlo stayed in Naples, and in 1796 she dedicated her work Idèes sur la maniére de rendre les voyage des jeunes gens to him .

With her writings on education, she made a name for herself and in 1795 found a job at the Viennese court as chief steward and educator in the court of Archduchess Marie Louise , the granddaughter of her Neapolitan patroness Maria Karolina. Between 1800 and 1804 she lived in Vienna with Josefine Deym . Because of her poor health, she moved to Buda with her companion, Countess Révay , where she died in the home of the Brunszvik family in 1805.

In her writings she took up questions of the Enlightenment , for example in answering the prize question : "What permanent means are there to lead people to good things without external violence?" (1785): 1) "Protection from false concepts about the moral good" , 2) "Making the true terms known", 3) "Making it easier to do what is good". In their answer, "Education, Religion, and Government" are the three powers by which these means can be employed. She translated Salomon Gessner's “Idyllen” into Italian (Würzburg 1785) and tried herself in his style with a poem based on Ovid .

Giovane was a bearer of the Star Cross . On January 16, 1794, the decision of the Prussian king about her admission to the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences was announced, she was the second female member there and remained so for the next one hundred years. Before that, she had already become an honorary member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm .

biography

In 1887 the young Benedetto Croce wrote a small article about the "Figurine Goethiana" in the Rassegna Pugliese , which was published in Trani . In 1932, Ludwig Pollak published his small essay on the Duchessa in a private print published in Rome in German and in Italian.

Works

  • Treatise on the question: What lasting means are there to lead people to goodness without external violence? 1785 digitized at the Bavarian State Library
  • Lettres sur l'education des princesses. Joseph Stahel, Vienna 1791 [review]
  • Lettera di una dama sul codice delle leggi di S. Leucio. Vienna 1793 (via Leucius von Brindisi ). First Naples 1789 (1790)
  • Collected writings of Frau Duchess Julie von Giovane, born Reichsfreyinn von Mudersbach, star cross-order lady, honorary member of the K. Academy of Fine Sciences, Arts and Antiquities in Stockholm , ed. by Joseph Edler von Retzer , printed by Ignaz Alberti , kk privil. Book printer, Vienna 1793
  • The four ages: after Ovid in four styles; On the abolition of serfdom in Bohemia. Vienna 1793 (first 1783/1784, see the information in Croce, La Duchessa Giovane )
  • Idèes sur la maniére de rendre les voyage des jeunes gens utils à leur propre culture ... 1796
  • Plan pour faire servir les voyages a la culture des jeunes gens qui se vouent au service de l'etat dans la carriere politique, accompagne d'un precis historique de l'usage de voyager (etc.), published by Alberti, Vienna 1797
  • De l'influence des sciences et des beaux-arts sur la tranquilité publique. together with Karl Theodor von Dalberg and Ludovico di Breme, Bodoni, Parma 1802
  • Table d'observations statistiques et politiques, d'après l'état actuel c. 1794–1805 des nations civilisées. Alberti, Vienna undated

literature

  • Heiner Reitberger: Juliane Duchess Giovane di Girasole (1766–1805). In: Inge Meidinger-Geise (Hrsg.): Frauengestalten in Franken. A collection of images of life. Würzburg 1985, ISBN 3-8035-1242-5 , pp. 124–129 (Reitberger is largely based on Croce.)
  • Benedetto Croce: La Duchessa Giovane. In: Rassegna Pugliese. September 30, 1887, p. 275f Rassegna Pugliese (PDF; 3.7 MB)
  • Johann Isaak von Gerning: Journey through Austria and Italy. Frankfurt am Main 1802, p. 92f ( digitized version )
  • Ludwig Geiger :  Giovane, Julie Duchess of . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 180 f.
  • Giovane, Juliane, Duchess of. In: Ladies Conversations Lexicon. Volume 4. [o. O.] 1835, pp. 435–436 ( digitized version )
  • Entry in German Biographical Encyclopedia DBE (PDF; 484 kB)
  • Ludwig Pollak: The Duchessa Giuliana Giovene di Girasole , in: On the centenary of Goethe's death . Spoleto: Argentieri, 1932, pp. 14-22. Private print, also in an Italian edition.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Your Italian family spells itself Giovene, not Giovane (see nobili-napoletani ), the daughter-in-law at that time is now called "Giulia Giovene, nata baronessa von Mudersbach-Redewitz" in this family and is referred to as donna di eccezionale cultura ed intelligenza . Reitberger has no answer for the name question. Biographical information can also be found in Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie , other variants: Month of death September 1805 from: Georg Christoph Hamberger , Johann Georg Meusel : Das schehre Teutschland. Volume 12, 1796.
  2. ↑ a b c Benedetto Croce: La Duchessa Giovane. In: Rassegna Pugliese. September 30, 1887, pp. 275f.
  3. ^ "Carlo Francesco Vespasiano Giuseppe". Mother: "Juliana Murousbak di Wirtsbourg". See the birth announcement at: Francesco de Angelis: Storia del Regno di Napoli sotto la dinastia Borbonica ... del cavalier ... , Volume VII, Naples 1833 ( digitized )
  4. ↑ Berlin Academy of Sciences bbaw
  5. ^ Johann Christian Friedrich Harless: The merits of women for natural science: health and medicine ... , Van den Hoeck-Ruprecht, Göttingen 1830, p. 216
  6. ↑ Information in Reitberger, p. 129
  7. ↑ With Croce the reason is a political and financial (200,000 guilders) affair and the resulting personal rift with Maria Karolina. Accordingly, she also intrigued against Maria Karolina with John Acton . Croce quotes a letter from Karolina to her daughter Empress Maria Theresa from Joseph Alexander von Helferts : Queen Karolina of Naples and Sicily in the fight against French world domination. Braumüller, Vienna 1878, pp. 71–73
  8. ^ Presentation of the price question in the article by Ludwig Geiger in the ADB
personal data
SURNAME Giovane, Juliane
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Giovene di Girasole, Juliane; Giovene di Girasole, Giuliana; Giovene di Girasole, Julie; Giovene di Girasole, Juliana; Mudersbach-Redwitz, Juliane von (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH December 21, 1766
PLACE OF BIRTH Wurzburg
DATE OF DEATH August 1805
Place of death Budapest