Ludwig Pollak

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Laocoon group in the Vatican Museum with the modified right arm discovered by Pollak
Frankfurt Athena
Copenhagen Hermes
New York warriors
Pollak's apartment on the upper floor of Palazzo Odescalchi in Rome

Ludwig Pollak (born September 14, 1868 in Prague , Austria-Hungary ; died in 1943 in Auschwitz concentration camp ) was an Austro-Czechoslovak classical archaeologist and art dealer who lived in Rome.

Life

Ludwig Pollak grew up on Ziegenplatz in Prague's Josefstadt . From 1888 he studied law at the German-speaking Karl Ferdinand University in Prague, from the beginning of 1889 classical archeology and art history with Wilhelm Klein and from 1891 at the University of Vienna with Otto Benndorf and Eugen Bormann . On May 20, 1893 he was promoted to Dr. phil. PhD . In the autograph collection of Fritz Donebauer he made in 1890 work experience and assorted whose collected the autographs of the musician Johann Wenzel Tomaschek . As a reward he received his first Goethe autograph, later he owned a collection of 40 autographs and two locks of Goethe's hair . In 1893/94 he traveled to Greece and Italy as an Austrian state scholarship holder . In February 1895 he settled in Rome as a private scholar and art dealer. In 1898 he became a corresponding member of the German Archaeological Institute , in 1901 of the Austrian Archaeological Institute . In 1900 he toured Egypt , Syria and Asia Minor . In 1902 he married Margarete von Bronneck (1878–1915), with whom he had children Wolfgang (* 1902), Angelina (* 1905) and Susanne (* 1910). In 1921 he was married to Julia Süßmann in his second marriage. From 1903 he lived in the Palazzo Bacchettoni (Via del Tritone 183), from 1927 in the Palazzo Odescalchi (Piazza SS. Apostoli 77).

In 1904 he was made honorary curator of the newly established Roman Museum of Antiquities Museo Barracco . In Rome, in 1905, Pollak identified the missing right arm of the Laocoon in the marble stock of a stonemason's workshop - however, the final proof was only made posthumously in 1957. Pollak was appointed Commendatore of the Papal Order of Gregory . Through Pollak's art dealership, u. a. the Roman copy of Athena des Myron to the Liebieghaus in Frankfurt, a Hermes statue to the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen and a Vulneratus deficiens (wounded warrior) to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York .

During the First World War , Pollak had to leave Italy in May 1915 and returned in May 1919. 1934 renamed the National Socialist German Reich from anti-Semitic reasons, the Bibliotheca Hertziana to, Leo Bruhns was her pro-regime director who Pollak in 1935 denied admission. Pollak responded with an appreciation of the Jewish foundations in Rome and the patronage of Henriette Hertz , while Bernard Berenson criticized Hertz's German naivete.

When the Roman Jews were arrested on October 16, 1943 , Ludwig Pollak and his entire family were also arrested. Although the Vatican offered him refuge through the mediation of German friends , he refused it because he believed that he would have to face the fate of his people. Pollak's fate and that of his family after the deportation of Roman Jews is not known, the train left Rome Tiburtina October 18, October 23, 184 able-bodied from the concentration camp doctor were Josef Mengele in Auschwitz selected , the other 839 people were immediately gassed .

Pollak's estate, including art objects, 2,000 books and the autograph collection, was donated to the city of Rome by his sister-in-law Margarete Süssmann Nicod († 1966) in 1951 and 1958 and is now kept in the library of the Museo Barracco.

Fonts (selection)

  • Two vases from Hieron's workshop . Hiersemann, Leipzig 1900
  • Classical-antique goldsmith's work in the possession of Sr. Excellenz AJ von Nelidow. Hiersemann, Leipzig 1903
  • Joseph von Kopf as a collector, description of the collection he left behind . Loescher, Rome 1905
  • The right arm of the Laocoon . In: Römische Mitteilungen 20, 1905, pp. 277–282
  • Corrado Ricci : History of Art in Northern Italy . German Uebers. by Ludwig Pollak. Hoffmann, Stuttgart 1911
  • Pieces de choix de la collection du Comte Grégoire Stroganoff à Rome. 1. Les antiques, Unione Editrice, Rome 1912.
  • Augusto Jandolo : Goethe in Rome. Four episodes from the life of the great . Translated into German by Ludwig Pollak. Modes, Rome 1914
  • Oggetti d'arte antichi egiziani, etruschi, greci e romani. Smalti, terrecotte, vetri, ori, argenti, ambre, pietre incise e bronzi; la vendita avra 'luogo all'Excelsior-Hôtel Roma, from 26 to 28 March 1923 . Rome 1923 (Arturo de Sanctis Collection)
  • In memoria di Giovanni Barracco (April 28, 1829 - 14th 1914) nel centario della sua nascita . Governatoria di Roma, Rome 1929
  • Mars Ultor . In: Annual Books of the Austrian Archaeological Institute 26, 1930, pp. 136–143
  • On the hundredth anniversary of Goethe's death . Argentieri, Spoleto 1932. Private print, also in an Italian edition.
  • Roman memoir. Artists, art lovers and scholars 1893–1943, ed. by Margarete Merkel Guldan. "L'Erma" di Bretschneider, Rome 1994
  • Auction catalogs of the collections: Woodyatt; Sarti; Barsanti;

See the complete list of writings in Margarete Merkel Guldan: The Diaries of Ludwig Pollak. Connoisseurship and art trade in Rome, 1893–1934 . Vienna 1988, pp. 387-390.

literature

  • Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography . Czernowitz 1925 (reprint Kraus Reprint, Nendeln 1979, ISBN 3-262-01204-1 ) Volume 5, pp. 63-64.
  • Ludwig Pollak . In: Gerhard Lüdtke (Hrsg.): Kürschner's German learned calendar . Founded by Joseph Kürschner . 3. Edition. De Gruyter, Berlin 1928, OCLC 257208927 , p. 1821 .
  • Claus Riessner (Ed.): Gli autografi Goethiani della raccolta Pollak. Edizione dell'Ateneo & Bizzarri, Rome 1978.
    • P. IX-XXVIII: Vanda Perretta: Ludwig Pollak: uno "Swann romano" .
    • Pp. 1–139-Claus Riessner: Ludwig Pollak and his collection of Goethe autographs in Rome .
  • JB Hartmann: A proposito di "Ludovico Pollak romano". In: Strenna dei Romanisti 1985, pp. 287-316.
  • Margarete Merkel Guldan: The diaries of Ludwig Pollak. Connoisseurship and art trade in Rome, 1893–1934 . Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1988, ISBN 3-7001-1242-4 .
  • Aglaë Hagg: Pages VII and VIII of the memoirs of Ludwig Pollak (1868–1943) believed to be lost. In: Roman historical reports 38, 1996, pp. 385–388.
  • Pollak, Ludwig. In: Lexicon of German-Jewish Authors . Volume 18: Phil – Samu. Edited by the Bibliographia Judaica archive. De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2010, ISBN 978-3-598-22698-4 , pp. 122–124 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  • Elena Cagiano de Azevedo : Fra commercio e istituzioni, la vita romana di Ludovico Pollak. In: Elena Cagiano de Azevedo, Roberto Geremia Nucci (eds.): Riflessioni sulla tutela. Temi, problemi, esperienze . Polistampa, Florence 2010, pp. 41-62.

Web links

Wikisource: Ludwig Pollak  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Perretta p. XXVI.
  2. ↑ Riessner; Margarete Merkel Guldan: Ludwig Pollak un ammiratore di Goethe fra i collezionisti romani. In: Paolo Chiarini (Ed.): Goethe a Roma. Rome 1988, pp. 189-202; Merkel Guldan pp. 36–38.
  3. ↑ Perretta SX
  4. ↑ Perretta p. XXI; Merkel Guldan p. 199.
  5. ^ Lexicon of German-Jewish Authors, Volume 18, p. 123.
  6. ↑ Perretta pp. XXV-XXVI.
  7. ↑ On this in detail Perretta pp. XXVII-XXVIII; Merkel Guldan pp. 306-308; Margarete Merkel Guldan: Introduction. In: Ludwig Pollak: Roman Memoirs. Artists, art lovers and scholars 1893–1943 , Rome 1994, p. 26 Note 13 cites a testimony by Hermine Speier as evidence that he met in the Questura prison .
  8. ↑ On the estate, see Elenea Cagiano De Azevedo: Ludovico Pollak e il Museo Barracco. La donazione Nicod al Comune di Roma. In: Bollettino dei musei comunali di Roma NS 15, 2001, pp. 117-132.
personal data
SURNAME Pollak, Ludwig
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pollak, Lodovico
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian classical archaeologist and art dealer
DATE OF BIRTH September 14, 1868
PLACE OF BIRTH Prague
DATE OF DEATH after October 18, 1943
Place of death Auschwitz concentration camp