Elias Hayum

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Elias Hayum (Mayer), court and militia factor around 1735

Elias Hayum (also Elias Mayer ; * 1709 in Pfersee (today a district of Augsburg ); † May 26, 1766 in Mannheim ) was court Jew and trader in Stuttgart (mentioned from 1734), electoral Palatine court and militia factor in Mannheim (from 1740 ), Palatine-Zweibrücker court and militia factor (1760), first head of the Jewish community to Mannheim (1747) and founder of Elias Hayum- Klaus (1766).

family

Elias Hayum, also called Elias Bingen or Elias Stuttgart after his origins , was the son of Hayum Elias Bingen (approx. 1680–1768) from Pfersee and the Kela born. Ulmo. He came from an old rabbi family. His grandfather Joseph Elias (approx. 1645–1701) was born in Cracow and came to Bingen around 1690 as a rabbi .

Hayum married Judle Schloß in Stuttgart in 1733 (* around 1710 in Stuttgart; † 1765 in Mannheim), the daughter of the Stuttgart trader and court factor Marx Nathan, known as Mardochai Schloß . He is the progenitor of the Mannheim factory owner and banker family Mayer and father of Elias Mayer .

Life

Elias Hayum came to Stuttgart from his place of birth Pfersee, today a district of Augsburg , where he stayed for a few years under the protection of Duke Karl Alexander von Württemberg under the name Elias Bing with exclusive permission to live in Stuttgart . The earliest reference comes from the beginning of 1734, when the later secretary of Joseph Suss Oppenheimer , Nathan Marum, who is entitled to live in Neckarsulm , came to Elias Hayum in Stuttgart to settle an old money dispute with him. There he was also mentioned in 1736 and 1737 as a dealer for “wax lights and night sticks”.

Hayum must have been an important merchant or trader at that time, as he already had trade connections to Vienna and was also in a very close business relationship with Joseph Süss Oppenheimer, who later became the Duke's Secret Finance Council , and was an important sub-supplier for gold and silver for the Stuttgart Mint. Suss offered him therefore also in 1736, d. H. Before his political overthrow, he started leasing the coin, which, however, no longer happened. As a sub-supplier for army supplies (including hay), Elias had a business relationship with Suss during the 1735 campaign.

The Mannheim Lemle-Moses-Klausynagoge around 1900

During the trial of Süss Oppenheimer and the persecution of the Jews from Stuttgart, Elias Hayum was also arrested on March 23, 1737, but was released on April 13, 1737 after his wife intervened on April 4, on bail of 10,000 fl which makes it relatively “unencumbered”. However, he has been under city arrest ever since. In June 1737 he was accused of illegally accommodating the Gochsheim Jew Baruch for about five days in his house, which is why they were both locked up in the Stuttgart main guard . However, Elias Hayum was soon released. But since he was still under city arrest, he officially asked in September 1737 for permission to be released to his parents' house for the celebrations of the Jewish New Year in Pfersee. On April 24, 1738 - after Oppenheimer's execution on February 4, 1738 - Hayum asked for the release of the bail he had paid six months ago, which he justified with economic difficulties, but apparently without success, as Activa was still “ under arrest in 1740” des Hofjuden Hayum ”were mentioned in the Suess trial files.

After Suss Oppenheimer's execution, most of the Jews were expelled from Stuttgart in accordance with the decrees of 1739 and 1740. Elias Hayum soon had to leave his adopted home and moved to Mannheim, where he was also named as Elie Stutgard in later documents according to his origins . In Mannheim it was first known as “Churpfälz. Hof-Factor Jude Elias Hayum “mentioned when he bought house number 5 in square D6.

Karl Theodor, Elector Palatinate and Bavaria (1724–1799)

From 1747 he was head of the Israelite community in Mannheim. Later (1751) the " Protective Jew Elias Hayum " bought house no. 19/20 in square G2 for 3850 fl. In his function as community leader, he ensured the continued existence of the Lemle-Moses-Klaus , built in 1708 , a teaching house for Torah and Talmud studies with an attached synagogue, through personal commitment and taking on a debt claim in 1758 . In 1760 he was also mentioned as a court and militia factor in Zweibrücken in the Palatinate.

Taking advantage of his high reputation at the Fürstenhof and within his own community, Elias Hayum secured the protection of the Mannheim Jewish community shortly before his death in 1766 by purchasing a concession from Elector Karl Theodor to build a Klaus later named after him, popularly also after his Origin simply called “Stuttgart School”, which existed until 1880, and through a testamentary foundation of 24,000 fl with the stipulation that “ to pay his ten Klaus rabbis from their interest, to steer poor girls from relatives or other entitled persons and support to poor relatives to grant ".

See also

literature

  • Sigismund von Dobschütz: The ancestors of Elisabeth Goldschmidt from Kassel and Mannheim . First published in: "Hessische Familienkunde" (HFK), publisher: Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Familienkundlichen Societies in Hessen, Vol. 24, Issue 4/1998, pp. 161f., Verlagdruckerei Schmidt, Neustadt / Aisch, 1998, ISSN  0018-1064 .
    • New publication with additions and corrections in: "Maajan - The Source", Swiss Association for Jewish Genealogy, Zurich 2005, ISSN  1011-4009 .
  • Hellmut G. Haasis : Joseph Suess Oppenheimer, called Jud Suess; Financier, free thinker, victim of justice , Rowohlt-Verlag, Reinbek near Hamburg, 1998, issue 76, ISBN 3-499-61133-3 .

Web links

Commons : Elias Hayum  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Hayum, Elias
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mayer, Elias; Mayer, Elias Hayum; Elias Bingen; Elias Stuttgart
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Court and militia factor in Mannheim
DATE OF BIRTH 1709
PLACE OF BIRTH Pfersee
DATE OF DEATH May 26, 1766
Place of death Mannheim