Gochsheim (Kraichtal)
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Gochsheim
City of Kraichtal
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| Height : | 165 m |
| Residents : | 1633 (Nov. 30, 2013) |
| Incorporation : | 1st September 1971 |
| Postal code : | 76703 |
| Area code : | 07258 |
Gochsheim is a district of Kraichtal in the Karlsruhe district in north-western Baden-Württemberg . The place received city rights in the 13th century and held them (with the exception of the years 1935 to 1956) until the founding of the city of Kraichtal in 1971.
geography
Gochsheim is located in the hilly landscape of the Kraichgau on the Kraichbach . The district area is 1.267 hectares. The town center with castle, church, school and town hall is located on a hill, around which the Kraichbach flows in an arch in the east. The Kraichbach also essentially marks the eastern boundary of the settlement; in recent times the place has expanded mostly to the north and west through new development areas. The surrounding villages are clockwise Menzingen , Bahnbrücken , Zaisenhausen , Flehingen , Bauerbach , Oberacker and Münzesheim .
history
The place was first mentioned in 804/814 in the Lorsch Codex on the occasion of a donation of goods in Gozbodesheim to the Lorsch Monastery and came to the Counts of Eberstein via the Kraichgaugrafen in the 12th century . They founded a town near their castle on a hill south of the old (later completely abandoned) village, which was granted town charter in 1220 by Emperor Friedrich II and was attested as an oppidum (town) in 1278 . Wilhelm von Eberstein sold the city in 1358 to Count Palatine Ruprecht I , who gave it back to the Eberstein family as a fief . In 1504 the city came to the Duchy of Württemberg in the Landshut War of Succession , but remained in the fiefdom of the Ebersteiners.
After there were already complaints about high public charges in 1521 , including the construction of the Graf-Eberstein Castle , the Kraichgauer peasant heap gathered in Gochsheim in the Peasants' War on May 7, 1525 under the leadership of the "priest" Anton Eisenhut and moved from here off against the nobility and clergy. Wilhelm IV von Eberstein introduced the Reformation in Gochsheim in 1556 . During the Thirty Years War , many residents of the surrounding areas sought protection in the fortified city, but there were also many victims there due to epidemics and famine, so that the population fell from 1,400 to 120 people.
Casimir von Eberstein died in 1660 without male descendants. The Eberstein fiefs were withdrawn, Casimir's widow Maria Eleonora received the castle as a widow's seat. Her daughter Albertina Sophie Esther married Duke Friedrich August von Württemberg-Neuenstadt after her mother's death in 1679 . In 1689 the city was burned down by the French in the Palatinate War of Succession . For reconstruction, Huguenots were settled in front of the city in the so-called Augusti city from 1698 . After the deaths of Friedrich August († 1716) and Albertina Sophie Esther († 1728), who, despite 14 children, had no surviving male descendants, Gochsheim first came back as a fief to Countess Wilhelmine von Würben in 1728 , but was finally withdrawn from the Duchy of Württemberg in 1736 and seat of a camera office . In 1739 the town, which had only been rebuilt a few years earlier, was largely destroyed again in a major fire: the church, town hall, school and numerous other houses burned down.
In 1806 Gochsheim was given to the Grand Duchy of Baden by means of an exchange and epuration contract . In 1807 the city became the seat of an upper office of the same name , which was dissolved in 1813, whereupon Gochsheim became part of the Bretten district office . After Gochsheim was no longer an official residence, the city degenerated into insignificance and became impoverished within a few years. In 1828/29 the community acquired the castle. The larger rear lock was demolished, the front lock was used as a school.
In 1896 Gochsheim was connected to the railway network via the Bruchsal – Menzingen branch line. In 1905 a new schoolhouse was built and the castle was rebuilt in its present form. In 1935 the town charter was withdrawn, the place came with the dissolution of the district office Bretten in 1936 to the district office Bruchsal .
After the Second World War, around 300 displaced persons were quartered in Gochsheim. In 1956 the town charter was granted again. On September 1, 1971, Gochsheim merged with the city of Unteröwisheim and the communities of Bahnbrücken, Landshausen, Menzingen, Münzesheim, Neuenbürg, Oberacker and Oberöwisheim to form the new city of Kraichtal .
On December 31, 2005, there were 1706 inhabitants in Gochsheim.
religion
The Evangelical Church Community Gochsheim with the Church of St. Martin is part of the United Evangelical Church in Baden . The approx. 375 Catholics in Gochsheim belong to the parish of St. Andreas in Münzesheim ( Archdiocese of Freiburg ). In addition, there is the Gochsheim Christian Community, which belongs to the Mülheim Association of Free Church Evangelical Communities .
coat of arms
The former coat of arms of Gochsheim shows a red rose in silver with blue clusters and green sepals and is essentially based on the coat of arms of the Counts of Eberstein.
Attractions
Museums
- Baden Bakery and German Confectionery Museum
- Museum of the City of Kraichtal and Kraichgau Library Gochsheim in Graf-Eberstein Castle
Buildings
The Graf-Eberstein-Schloss is the manor of the landlords , built in the 16th century in place of the earlier castle , of which only a few buildings have survived after a larger part was demolished in the early 19th century. The splendid gallery on the west side once formed the east side of the still preserved Front Palace to the larger and more westward, demolished Rear Palace . The foundations of the buildings immediately to the east of the castle partly go back to the farm yard of the medieval castle. Already in the 12th century, before the town was built, there were homesteads of regional nobles around the castle. The Mentzinger Hof of the Lords of Mentzingen by the church goes back to such a farm.
The St. Martin's Church goes back to a town chapel mentioned in 1320, which was rebuilt in 1499 and consecrated to St. Martin . The church patron was taken over by a church in the older valley settlement that existed in the 8th century. In 1617 the nave was renewed by Heinrich Schickhardt . In 1689 the church fell victim to the destruction by the French, was rebuilt by 1704 and burned down again in the town fire in 1739. In its present form, the church has essentially existed since the new nave was built in 1788. The town's granary was once located in the attic of the church.
Graf-Eberstein-Schloss - inner courtyard
Old half-timbered house near Graf Eberstein Castle
Evangelical Martinskirche
The town hall was built in 1773 in the Baroque style with a mansard roof and bell tower on the place of the smaller previous buildings attested since 1504. There are three historical coat of arms stones on the building: the alliance coat of arms of the duke couple from 1685, a commemorative stone of the city's destruction in 1689 and a coat of arms stone from the year the new town hall was built in 1773.
The Graf-Eberstein-Schule was built in 1905 on the site of the former city press in Art Nouveau style. The stairwell of the building, which has been preserved in its original state and dated on the gable, is remarkable.
Inscription stone at the town hall
Town hall fountain
Graf Eberstein School
The place is rich in historical buildings, some of which survived the fire of 1739. The executioner's house in the suburb dates from 1615 and was the residence of the executioner . A previous building is documented there in the early 16th century and at that time was still outside the city walls. The house sign of a glazier from 1715 has been preserved on a historic craftsman's house. The so-called town house , a splendid half-timbered house , dates from 1733. The town pharmacy , originally part of the Mentzinger Hof and already occupied by a privileged court and town pharmacist in the early 18th century, is reminiscent of the town fires on the historic portal with a phoenix rising from the flames from 1689 and 1739.
Executioner's House
House sign of the craftsman's house
Wagner House
Some parts of the city wall , which was built in the 13th century and expanded by the suburban wall in the 16th century , have been preserved. The suburban wall with the corner tower in the Kraichbachtal, which already existed as a watchtower in the 13th century, closes the course of the brook almost at ground level with the garden land behind it due to the masses of earth deposited during floods. Only the upper part of the corner tower protrudes from the ground. The slope from the Kraichbach to the castle is fortified with a historic dry stone wall.
The synagogue commemorates the former Jewish community of Gochsheim . The local Jews, first mentioned in 1427, had a synagogue from 1662 . The baroque building was built in 1784 by Baruch Hirsch Dessauer. The Jewish community came to a standstill in the 19th century, the last Jew left Gochsheim in 1884. A Jewish cemetery is located on the former road to Flehingen.
Other historical buildings include the former office building, the former town mill, a former bath room, a historical pigsty and the historical farrenstall (breeding animal stable). A historical tour through the place presents around 30 objects on information boards. The Baden Bakery Museum and the German Confectionery Museum are also housed in historical buildings.
Remnants of the city wall
Corner tower of the suburban wall
War memorial
Badisches Bakery Museum
German Confectioner Museum
Town mill
traffic
In Gochsheim there is a train station of the Kraichtalbahn . The route is integrated into the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn network as the 'S32' (Menzingen – Bruchsal – Karlsruhe – Achern). It is operated every 20/40 minutes during rush hour, otherwise at least every hour.
literature
- Theo Kiefner : That a little Amsterdam could emerge over time. The Huguenot colony Augustistadt Gochsheim . Regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher 1998, ISBN 3-929366-85-1 .
- Rudolf Herzer, Heinrich Käser: Kinship book of the city of Gochsheim, district of Bruchsal in Baden . Grafenhausen: Köbele 1968 (= Badische Ortssippenbücher 19), processed period 1660–1965
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 473 .
- ↑ St. Andrew. Catholic pastoral care unit Kraichtal-Elsenz, accessed on November 11, 2012 .
- ↑ Ute Fahrbach-Dreher: Sheep, cattle, people. The Farrenstall in Kraichtal-Gochsheim, Untere Bergstrasse 14 (Karlsruhe district), becomes a residential building. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg , 36th year 2007, issue 4, p. 244 f. ( PDF ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. )
