Anton Eisenhut
Anton Eisenhut († May 25, 1525 in Bruchsal ) was the " Pfaffe " leader of the Kraichgau peasantry in the German Peasants' War of 1525.
Life
Anton Eisenhut probably came from the Kraichgau , at least he had relatives there. He was a pastor in the Church of the Holy Cross in Weiler an der Zaber near Brackenheim and in 1525 he is attested as a chaplain in Eppingen . In April 1525, Eisenhut joined the rebellious farmers and moved south with the Zabergäuer heap under Hans Wunderer up the Neckar. Together with the group under Matern Feuerbacher and other insurgents from all parts of the Duchy of Württemberg, they occupied Stuttgart on April 25. On May 5, 1525, Eisenhut left the peasant camp near Degerlochin order to organize an uprising in the Kraichgau, where it had been largely calm so far. From Gochsheim near Eppingen he addressed the farmers in the surrounding villages on May 7th with an appeal. Everyone knew, he wrote, how badly one had suffered under the rule of the nobility and the clergy, but their actions were now clear. He urged the farmers to come to Gochsheim, so that the Gospel and the justice of a furgang (validity) uberkom . Anton Eisenhut was concerned with the rule of the gospel and the redesign of the conditions in the traditional system of manorial rule .
From Gochsheim, the Kraichgauer Haufen looted the castle in neighboring Menzingen and Münzesheim . A day later, the farmers appeared in front of Heidelsheim , and on May 10th they moved to Eppingen. There the gates were opened to them without offering any resistance and some citizens joined the rebels. In Hilsbach the heap plundered the Electoral Palatinate winery , and in Sinsheim it raged in the canons' houses . On the way, some had set fire to Steinsberg Castle , one of the mightiest castles in Kraichgau. The heap had grown to about 200 men, the clerk of the Count Palatinate speaks of a gentle heap . You hear nothing of fighting or killings. The violence of the insurgents was apparently only directed against things. On May 14, 1525 negotiations took place between the farmers and a delegation from Heidelberg Elector Ludwig . On May 15th - after the devastating defeat of the Württemberg peasant army on May 12th near Boeblingen - Eisenhut was ready to dissolve the Kraichgauer Haufen. On May 18, 1525, there was a contract in Hilsbach that resolved the dissolution. The Kraichgau heap dissolved. Anton Eisenhut went back to Eppingen and was captured a few days later by the troops of the Swabian Federation under Georg Truchsess von Waldburg-Zeil (“Bauernjörg”) together with the Eppinger pastor and two like-minded people . The chieftain sent the four prisoners to Bruchsal on May 25 , where Elector Ludwig V had them beheaded in public after a brief interrogation in the courtyard.
literature
- Gustav Bossert: On the history of the peasant war in today's Baden . In: ZGO 65 (1911) pp. 250-266.
- Günther Franz : The German Peasants' War . 12th edition, Darmstadt 1984.
- Günther Franz (Ed.): Peter Harer's true and thorough description of the peasant war . Kaiserslautern 1936.
- Michael Klebon: In the frenzy of the gospel. Anton Eisenhut and the Kraichgauer Haufen in the "Peasants' War". Intentions, plans and deeds as an expression of an extremely dynamic phase of the revolution of 1525 . Ubstadt-Weiher, Heidelberg, Weil am Rhein 2020 (special publications of the Heimatverein Kraichgau eV 40).
- Justus Maurer: Preacher in the Peasants' War . Stuttgart 1979 (Calwer Theological Monographs 5).
- Bernd Röcker: The "Pfaffe" Anton Eisenhut and the Peasants' War in Kraichgau . In: Around the Ottilienberg. Contributions to the history of the city of Eppingen and the surrounding area. Volume 1 . Eppingen 1979, pp. 63-72.
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Eisenhut, Anton |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Leader of the Kraichgau peasantry in the German Peasants' War (1525) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 15th century |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 25, 1525 |
| Place of death | Bruchsal |