Rudolf IV. (Hachberg-Sausenberg)

Margrave Rudolf IV of Hachberg-Sausenberg (1426–1487) - Photo of his statue in the Collegiate Church of Neuchâtel (Neuchâtel) next to the cenotaph of the Counts of Neuchâtel

Margrave Rudolf IV of Hachberg-Sausenberg (* 1426/27 at Rötteln Castle ; † April 12, 1487 there ) ruled the margraviate of Hachberg-Sausenberg from 1444 to 1487 and the county of Neuenburg am See from 1447. Due to his position in the German Empire and his connections to the Duchy of Burgundy and the Confederation , he was often called upon as an intermediary.

The family

Rudolf came from the Hachberg-Sausenberg family , a side branch of the Baden family (and thus the Zähringer family ) and was the son of Margrave Wilhelm von Hachberg-Sausenberg and Elisabeth von Montfort-Bregenz .

Rudolf married Marguerite de Vienne († 1477) in 1447, the granddaughter of Count Wilhelm III. from Vienne . After the death of Rudolf's brother-in-law and a comparison with Wilhelm von Vienne zu Mombis, Rudolf's wife Margaretha inherited the dominion of Sainte-Croix and the dominions of Louhans , Seurre and Joux in 1467 .

The following children are known:

• Katharina (* 1450; † 1498) ⚭ Philipp de Neuchâtel en Bourgogne , Lord of Fontenoy
• Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg (* 1454; † 1503)

As a widower, the margrave had the following children from two illegitimate relationships.

With Barbara Ehinger:

• Barbara (1480–1550) August 1st ⚭ 9th 1502 Philipp von Chastellux 2nd ⚭ 1529 Philippe von Champignolles, Lord of Villemolin

With N. Keller:

• Olivier von Hochberg (* 1484; † 1558)

The Bishop of Constance, Otto III. von Hachberg was an uncle of Rudolf IV.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Rudolf IV.

In the first and fourth field of the coat of arms shield in gold a red sloping bar (coat of arms of the House of Baden) and in the second and third field of the coat of arms shield in gold a red pole occupies me three silver rafters (coat of arms of the Counts of Neuchâtel ).

Life

After the abdication of the father (1441) in favor of Rudolf and his brother Hugo, the uncle, Count Johann von Freiburg , took over the government as guardian until 1444. From 1441 Rudolf had the title of Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg and since 1447 that of Count of Neuenburg am See. There is no later documentary mention of Rudolf's brother Hugo, who took over the margraviate together with Rudolf in 1444, and it is therefore assumed that he died in 1445.

The construction activity

Rudolf IV expanded the castles Rötteln (lower gate in the outer bailey) and Baden Castle . From 1479 to 1482 he had the burned down town church of Schopfheim rebuilt. Traces of his building activity can also be found in the monastery church of Weitenau and the churches of Egringen and Rötteln .

The expansion of sovereignty

On September 8, 1444, Count Johann von Freiburg-Neuchâtel gave his nephews Rudolf IV and Hugo von Hachberg-Sausenberg his rule of Badenweiler with Baden Castle . The dominions of Rötteln / Sausenberg and Badenweiler now formed the so-called Markgräflerland , an almost closed territory south of Freiburg and north of Basel .

Johann (Hans) von Freiburg had children with his wife Marie von Chalon , but they all died in childhood. A donation to Margrave Wilhelm, who ruled until 1441, was out of the question, as his bankruptcy was already looming and the aim was to keep the ancestral lands together.

After the death of Count Johann von Freiburg-Neuchâtel († February 19, 1458), Rudolf took over the county of Neuchâtel with the Château de Neuchâtel and other lords in the Free County of Burgundy on the basis of the will of Johann .

The diplomat

Signature of the marquis de Rothelin Rodolphe IV. De Hochberg

Rudolf accompanied the German King Friedrich III in 1451/52 . on his train to Rome for the imperial coronation. On July 9, 1454, the Burgundian Duke, Philip the Good , visited Margrave Rudolf IV at Rötteln Castle , who saw the splendor of court life for a day. Rudolf had been in the duke's wages as chamberlain and councilor since the 1430s. The Duke was accompanied by a large group of around 300 horses. The Duke was on his way back from the so-called Turkish Reichstag in Regensburg, the Emperor Friedrich III. and which lasted from April 23 to May 21, 1454. It was about plans to retake Constantinople . The company had made its way via Freiburg im Breisgau and Neuenburg am Rhein . The next day, the trip continued to Basel and from there to Neuchâtel am See, where the duke was accompanied by the margrave, who also entertained him at his Neuchâtel Castle .

Rudolf was a well-known figure at the Burgundian court as marquis de Rothelin , the duke was the godfather of his son Philipp von Hachberg-Sausenberg, who was born in 1452 . In 1465 Rudolf took part in the aristocratic revolt against the French King Louis XI at the side of Duke Philipp . ( Ligue du Bien public ). Rudolf was also a citizen of Bern and Solothurn , with which he had connections in France, Burgundy, Germany and the Swiss Confederation. In 1467, Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy appointed him Governor of the Duchy of Luxembourg . He held this office until 1477. In 1468 Rudolf mediated in the Waldshut War between Duke Sigmund of Austria and the Confederates .

Attempt to secure the rule of Baden

Rudolf was aware that his position as feudal lord of the German Empire on the one hand and his Burgundian interests on the other could put him in a dangerous position. In order to maintain the rule of his family in Baden, he therefore started negotiations with Margrave Karl I and his son Albrecht of the Baden main line. Shortly before his death, Rudolf also brought a son Christoph von Baden , Philipp , to his court. The negotiations did not come to a conclusion, but were later resumed by Rudolf's son Philipp with Christoph von Baden and brought to a conclusion in 1490.

Rudolf and literature

Illustration for the 84th story of the Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles

In 1462 the French collection of stories, Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles , was published, dedicated to the Burgundian Duke, Philip the Good. The collection has long been attributed to Antoine de La Sale , but an anonymous collector and partial author of these stories is now accepted. The 84th story is noted that it comes from the marquis de rothelin , d. H. from Rudolf IV.

The Bernese patrician Thuringia von Ringoltingen dedicated his German version of the story Melusine , published in 1456, to Margrave Rudolf. It is assumed that Rudolf, through his connections to the court of the Burgundian Duke Philip the Good, had access to the French verse version of Couldrette and made it available from Ringoltingen. The assumption that von Ringoltingen created a commissioned work for Rudolf did not prevail.

See also

• Margraviate of Baden
• State of Baden
• Tribe list from Baden

literature

• Fritz Schülin : Rötteln-Haagen, contributions to the local, landscape and settlement history. Lörrach 1965, p. 65.
• Fritz Schülin: Binzen, contributions to the local, landscape and settlement history. Schopfheim 1967, p. 523/524 (family tree of the Hachberg-Sausenberg family).
• Karl Seith : The castle Rötteln in the change of its master families, a contribution to the history and building history of the castle. In: Das Markgräflerland , 3rd year, issue 1, 1931, pp. 1–29 digitized
• Hans Jakob Wörner : The Markgräflerland - remarks on his historical career. In: The Markgräflerland. Issue 2/1994, p. 63, Schopfheim 1994
• Johann Christian Sachs : Introduction to the history of the Marggravschaft and the Marggravial old princely house of Baden . First part. Lotter, Carlsruhe 1764, p. 557-574 ( archive.org ).
• Edouard Bauer: Negociations et campagnes de Rodolphe de Hochberg, Comte de Neuchâtel et Marquis de Rothelin, Gouverneur de Luxembourg, 1427–1487. Neuchâtel 1928.
• Petra Ehm: Burgundy and the Empire. Late medieval foreign policy using the example of the government of Charles the Bold (1465–1477). R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-486-56683-0 , pp. 221-223.
• Thomas Alfried Leger: Hochberg, Hachberg. In: AG Hoffmann: General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts , Second Section, Part Nine. Leipzig 1832, pp. 125–127, Textarchiv - Internet Archive
• Baden Historical Commission (ed.): Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg 1050–1515. Volume 2 - Heinrich Witte (editor): Regesten der Margrave von Hachberg 1422–1503 , Innsbruck 1901, pp. 145–160, Textarchiv - Internet Archive
• L. Montandon: Hochberg (Margraves of). In: Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz , Volume 4, Neuchâtel 1927, p. 252 unibe.ch (PDF)

Web links

Commons : Rudolf IV. Von Hachberg-Sausenberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Philippe Henry: Hochberg, Rudolf von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Sachs p. 571 Text Archive - Internet Archive
2. ^ Sachs p. 574 Text Archive - Internet Archive
3. ↑ also called Catherine de Hochberg
4. ↑ Entry on geneall.net
5. ↑ Wedding on May 9, 1458
6. ^ Son of Jean II de Neufchâtel and Marguerida de Castro. Gérard Pelot: Les derniers grands feux (?) D'une maison comtoise et bourguignonne: Guillaume de Vienne, seigneur de Saint-Georges et de Sainte-Croix, 1362-1437 . (PDF) Histoire., Volume III, 2012, family tree Neufchâtel (Bourgogne)
7. ↑ also Barbe de Hochberg or Berthe
8. ↑ Entry on genealogieonline.nl; Jaqueline de Rohan. In: Musée neuchâtelois, July 1883, p. 195 rero.ch (PDF); Entry on doc.rero.ch; for Philippe it was the 2nd marriage - the couple had 7 children (see also Anselme de Sainte-Marie: Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la Maison Royale de France . Paris 1783, p. 6, Textarchiv - Internet Archive )
9. ↑ our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com Entry on our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com with reference to Detlev Schwennicke: Europaische Stammtafeln , New Series, Vol. I / 2 , Plate 273.
10. ↑ see Eric-André Klauser: Hochberg, Olivier von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
11. ^ Sachs p. 557 Textarchiv - Internet Archive
12. ^ Karl Seith : The castle Rötteln in the change of their master families, A contribution to the history and building history of the castle. In: Das Markgräflerland , 3rd year, issue 1, 1931, p. 13, digitized p. 18.
13. ↑ Hans Jakob Wörner : The Markgräflerland - Comments on his historical career. In: The Markgräflerland. Issue 2/1994, p. 63, Schopfheim 1994.
14. ↑ The Chronicle Erhard von Appen Wiler 1439-1471. In: Basler Chroniken , Volume 4 (edited by August Bernoulli ), p. 317, Textarchiv - Internet Archive ; Translation of the Latin entry in the chronicle by Thomas Zotz: The Rötteln Castle near Lörrach . In: Burgen und Schlösser , Europäische Burgeninstitut (Ed.), 4/2015, p. 273. ( deutsche-burgen.org ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ; PDF) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ) 
15. ↑ the emperor did not take part in the Reichstag and there were no resolutions on measures against the Turks; see also Friedrich III. (HRR) #Friedrich's inaction in defending against the Turks
16. ↑ Thomas Zotz: The Rötteln Castle near Lörrach . In: Burgen und Schlösser , Europäische Burgeninstitut (Ed.), 4/2015, p. 273. ( deutsche-burgen.org ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ; PDF) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ) 
17. ↑ see Fridolin Weber-Krebs: The Margraves of Baden in the Duchy of Luxembourg (1487–1797) . Trier 2007, p. 358
18. ↑ s. August Huber: About Basel's share in the Röteler succession dispute in 1503. In: Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde , 4, 1905, p. 80.
19. ^ Author and table of contents of the 84th novella in: Les cent nouvelles nouvelles , Paris 1505
20. ↑ see French version: gallica 84th novella. In: Les cent nouvelles nouvelles. Paris 1505 ; see English version Robert B. Douglas (translator), Léon Lebègue (illustrator): The devil's share. In: One Hundred Merrie And Delightsome Stories. Paris 1899 ebook in the Gutenberg project
21. ^ The history, or story, of the noble and beautiful Melusina. Augsburg 1574, decision (p. 103 of the digitized version) Digitized version of the Eichstätt-Ingelstadt university library
22. ↑ Mellusine: poème relatif á cette fée poetevine, composé dans le quatorzième siècle par Couldrette. 1854 edition in the Internet Archive
23. ^ Siegfried Bühler: From the literary history of Rötteln. In: Unser Lörrach 1992. p. 167
24. ↑ Claudia Steinkämper: Melusine - from snake woman to "Beauté with the fish tail" . Göttingen 2007, p. 81, footnote 155

predecessor	Office	successor
Wilhelm	Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg 1441–1487 1441–1444 custodial government by Johann von Freiburg	Philip
Johann of Freiburg	Count of Neuchâtel 1458–1487	Philip