Louhans

Louhans
region	Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Department	Saône-et-Loire
Arrondissement	Louhans
Canton	Louhans (main town)
Community association	Bresse Louhannaise Intercom '
Coordinates	46 ° 38 '  N , 5 ° 13'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 38 '  N , 5 ° 13'  E
height	176-205 m
surface	22.58 km 2
Residents	6,365 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	282 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	71500
INSEE code	71263
Website	http://www.louhans-chateaurenaud.fr/
The arcades along the main street

Louhans is a commune with 6365 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in Saône-et-Loire in the region of Bourgogne Franche-Comté . It is the capital of the Burgundian Bresse , the arrondissement Louhans and the canton Louhans . It belongs to the association “The most beautiful detours in France”, which includes 88 towns across the country. The residents are Louhannais , resp. Called Louhannaise .

geography

Louhans is located in the south-east of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté . The city is the center of the Bresse Louhannaise and lies at the confluence of the Seille , Vallière and Solnan rivers . The Ruisseau de l'Étang du Villard and the Ruisseau de Blaine flow into the municipality . These Ruisseaux have a catchment area of ​​around 442 square kilometers, which extends east to over Lons-le-Saunier and northeast to Poligny . The city is a traffic junction, the roads lead from here in a star shape to Lons-le-Saunier (D678), Flacey-en-Bresse (D21), Cuiseaux (D972), Varennes-Saint-Sauveur (D996), Montpont-en- Bresse (D12), Cuisery (D971), Montret (D978), Simard (D678), Pierre-de-Bresse (D13) and Bellevesvre (D137). The area was already very important in Gallo-Roman times, when a number of Roman roads crossed here . At that time, however, Châteaurenaud was even more important than Louhans , since 1973 the two communities have merged. Due to the urban character of the municipality, there are only a few forest areas, these mainly stretch along the eastern border, in the old Châteaurenaud . To the north are the cities of Dijon and Beaune , to the southwest Tournus , Cluny and Mâcon , in the east Louhans already borders on Franche-Comté . The following hamlets and corridors belong to the municipality: Alexandrette, Aupretin, Basse-Cour, Beaulieu, Blaine, Bois-Dallant, Bordes, Bourg-Château, Bram, Brasserie, Brenet, Butelière, Carruge, Chaintre, Champ-Cretin, Champ-de -la-Fleur, Champ-Perruchot, Chanet, Châteaurenaud, Chemin-des-Brenets, Chénevières, Clou, Colombier, Coteau, Croix-Blanche, Crus, Culleron, Dessus-de-la-Roche, Dodanes, Ecluses, Ecotet, Faubourg -Saint-Jean, Feys, Genevriers, Grand-Champ, Grands-Bois, Granges, Griffonnière, Grillots, Gruay, Gruyères, Guidon, Hôpital, Jouy, Longemale, Maconnière, Maladière, Maroc, Meneuvre, Meurienne, Moulin-de-Blaine , Moulin-de-Bram, Moulin-de-la-Salle, Noiserez, NotreDame-de-Lorette, Paradis, Peupleraie, Pré-Davaud, Prozette, Queue, Reverseilles, Ripettes, Rondiche, Saint-Claude, Saint-Laurent, Salines , Saugy, Seugny, Tisses, Troche, Tuilerie, Vaux, Venets, Villeneuve

climate

The climate in Louhans is warm and temperate. There is significant rainfall throughout the year, even the driest month still has high rainfall. The effective climate classification according to Köppen and Geiger is Cfb . The annual average temperature is 11.1 ° C. Spread over a year, the rainfall adds up to 814 mm.

Louhans
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     61   5 -1     59   7th 0     58   13 3     58   16 6th     78   20th 9     78   24 13     59   26th 15th     78   25th 14th     78   22nd 12     66   16 7th     77   10 3     64   5 0 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: climate-data.org

history

Louhans developed from a hamlet or village, the abbots of the Benedictine Abbey of Tournus were the first lords of Louhans and had set up a priory for the spiritual life . They had also built a port on the Seille, from where they hauled the salt from the Jura salines. The income from the salt tariff was substantial and the residents, at least the poorest, benefited from it, as the monks distributed the essential salt among them during the first Holy Week.

As a result of this first source of prosperity, the village soon became a small town and a trading point where salt and other goods were supplied. Towards the end of the 13th century, its importance continued to grow, becoming a fortified city with a fortress, moats and city walls.

The church - le mouty (from monasterium - monastery) - originally dedicated to Saint Martin , was later consecrated to Saint Peter . The abbots of Tournus tried to give this small center even more importance, as they had other properties in the area. The spiritual institutions also developed: the small parish, which had previously only been served by the monks, was now subordinate to the Archbishop of Besançon and remained so until the end of the Ancien Régime. The treaty between the monks of Tournus and the Archbishop of Besançon spoke of a prior and a chaplain. A familiarity with a priest arose in the 13th and 14th centuries thanks to foundations. Familiarité was a religious association that was common in the Free County. At Louhans it consisted of about twenty brothers, with a priest who was the only one allowed outside. In order to belong to it you had to be born in the city, by father and mother who lived in the city and you had to have been baptized in the parish church and also had to live permanently in the city. Towards the end of the 15th century an applicant also had to be able to read and sing . With the membership there was quite a good income, which was divided equally between the relatives, who in turn had to fulfill the tasks that were provided for in the statutes. After all, the familiars had the right to nominate the vicar from among their number. However, he had to pass an examination before the Abbot of Tournus and also introduce himself to the archbishop.

In addition to the families, there was a chapter for the stately chapel, which is dedicated to Mary. Hugues von Vienne founded the chapter in the 14th century, it consisted of six canons, one of them the doyen. Jean von Vienne bequeathed them 18 pounds annually in his will, 24 to the doyen and a piece of land for cultivation. These canons were appointed by the landlord who usually chose them from among the family. There were other chapels in Louhans Church from the 14th century: the Chapel of the Holy Spirit, founded on November 10, 1377 by Gillet Chevilliard and his wife Huguette , a chapel of St. Nicholas, one of St. Catherine and St. Barbara, and this also included brotherhoods. It is not known of the church itself when it was built. We only know that it burned down in 1376 as a result of acts of war. The graves of ecclesiastical dignitaries, secular lords and wealthy citizens lay near the church. The houses closest to the church were those of the canons and the families. In one of the houses there was a small school, the teacher was appointed by a monastic official.

The castle rose on the banks of the Seille, built by the Lords of Vienne, whose possessions included a large part of the Bresse. The lords of Vienne took over more and more rights from the abbots of Tournus until they were finally able to issue their charter to the city of Louhans in 1269. Nothing remains of the castle, except the name place du château , at the northern entrance to the city on the left bank of the Seilleufer. Behind the castle, the city grew, consisting of a paved street, the rue principale , which was equipped with arcades that were particularly suitable for market and trade and protected from rain and sun - as it is today. The other streets looked more like paths and alleys. As today, the main road led towards Châteaurenaud and Lons-le-Saunier. On this road, just before the incline, was Orme , which was designated as the border in charter.

Outside the city there were still individual houses, fields, gardens and at times the buildings for the lepers or plague-infested. Louhans has had a hospital since the 14th century. However, it is no longer known where it was. At the end of the 15th century, a new hospital was built, probably near the castle at the western city gate.

Freed from serfdom since the charter, the city's residents, clergy, burghers, merchants and workers could have lived in peace and prosperity, but history almost continuously placed obstacles in their way. They did not spare raids, attacks, epidemics and plagues. They could have survived poverty and famine and let the city grow, expand and expand their businesses, but the centuries that followed brought hardship with them.

The monotonous life was interrupted by religious celebrations, frequent festivals and the market days, which even then took place on Mondays. In the evening the church bell rang for prayer time and when the second bell rang at 7:00 p.m., all fires had to be extinguished. One went to bed early, the city gates were closed at nightfall. On Sunday a citizen was tasked with ringing the bell at midnight and calling out Monday, for which he received three pounds a year and was known in the 16th century as Réveille matin . It was customary to carry holy water into homes every Sunday. The citizen in charge of this sprayed holy water at the entrance of the house with the reproach: Asperges me Domine and received an alms. This custom is typical of Burgundy and although very old, it lasted until the 19th century. In addition, Saint Catherine was celebrated on November 25th as the patroness of the young girls, and Saint Nicholas on December 6th as the patroness of the schoolchildren, both of whom had a chapel in the church.

More and more brotherhoods arose to pray together and to render the members of the last service. From time to time, but certainly on the feast of the respective saint, the prayers were replaced by an extended meal. Guilds emerged that were also dedicated to a saint. The blacksmiths and goldsmiths chose Saint Eloi , the tailors Saint Blaise , the weavers Saint Lin , the saddlers Saint Crépin , and all of them had their flags and their annual festival, which they celebrated with a procession through the town and an extensive meal - even the crossbowmen had a guild, their saint was Saint Sébastien and for their merits the city paid them 5 pounds a year. The city soon became a regional center, with craftsmen and merchants settling down. Markets and fairs were held regularly and - since the city was on the way to Switzerland and even Italy - many merchants set up actual warehouses. In the arcades were the shops that were closed by trapons . The lowest part was solid, the upper part opened in the middle, the upper drawer was folded up and the lower horizontally formed the table for the merchandise.

heraldry

The city of Louhans-Châteaurenaud uses a coat of arms that is not historically based. Blazon: In red two diagonally crossed silver keys, accompanied in the head by a golden stylized lily . While the red color indicates chivalry, the lily refers particularly to French history, which goes back to the Merovingians . These symbols of worldly power are complemented by the Keys of Peter, which express the bond with the Church.

The original district of Châteaurenaud also had a coat of arms. The place used the coat of arms that goes back to the de Mailly family . Blazon: In red a rafter with wavy bars in blue and silver, accompanied by three silver lilies . Sometimes the coats of arms of Louhans and Châteaurenaud appear together, for example on communal printed matter.

population

Number of inhabitants
(source:)

year	1793	1800	1821	1831	1841	1851	1861	1872	1881	1891	1901	1906	1911	1921	1931	1946	1962	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2011
Residents	3,375	2,849	3.159	3,170	3,686	3,853	3,788	3,913	4,284	4,548	4,469	4,494	4,454	4.116	4.116	4.120	4.154	6,744	6,483	6.140	6.237	6,422	6,551
From 1962 official figures excluding residents with a second residence

In 1975 the municipalities of Branges , Châteaurenaud and Sornay merged with Louhans, in 1979 Branges and Sornay became independent again, but Châteaurenaud remained with Louhans and is counted there.

Vue sur Louhans

Arcades de Louhans03

Église Saint-Pierre de Louhans

Marché de Louhans 042

Economy and Infrastructure

In Louhans there are almost one hundred shops from 18 different industries, plus around 40 restaurants, 38 construction companies and 36 agricultural businesses. In Louhans, Volaille de Bresse and Dinde de Bresse as well as Crème et beurre de Bresse are approved as AOC products .

Educational institutions

The following educational institutions exist in the municipality:

• an École maternelle attended by 67 children,

• an École maternelle Henri Varlot , attended by 106 children,

• a private École maternelle Notre-Dame attended by 38 children,

• an École élémentaire Vial Vincent attended by 225 children,
• the private Collège Henri Vincenot ,

• the Lycée Henri Vincenot ,

• the private Lycée agricole de la Bresse,

all subordinate to the Académie de Dijon . The vacation schedule for Zone A applies to schools.

Attractions

• The town has retained much of its former charm, especially through the 157 arcades of the "Grand Rue", its old houses from the 15th century and the old hospital from 1682 ( Hôtel-Dieu ) with the old pharmacy and its parish church with the colored bricks.

• The third largest market in France takes place in Louhans every Monday. Food, clothes and other goods are sold, but also animals, especially a poultry market with Bresse chickens . The market has been held since 1269 and today has around 150 market vendors.

• Church in Châteaurenaud , dedicated to Saint Lawrence

with tombstones, especially that of 1438 of Antoine de la Marche, lord of Châteaurenaud, with a dog at his feet as a sign of his leadership.

Town twinning

There is a town partnership with the German municipality of Kirchheimbolanden in the Palatinate . The partner school is the Ochsenhausen grammar school .

Personalities

• Antoine de Mailly, 1742–1819, Marquis de Châteaurenaud, pupil of Voltaire , President of the Saône-et-Loire department (1791 and 1792)
• Pierre Begat, 1800–1882, engineer, officer of the Legion of Honor
• Ferdinand Berthier , 1803–1886, was mute and deaf himself, became a professor at the Institute for the Deaf and Mute in Paris and, among other things, a member of the Legion of Honor
• Lucien Guillemaut , 1842–1917, doctor, mayor of Louhans, senator, local historian with a focus on Bresse and above all Bresse louhannaise
• Nicolas Rousseau (* 1983), racing cyclist, born in Châteaurenaud

literature

• Claude Courtépée (1721–1781): Description historique et topographique du Duché de Bourgogne . tape 5 . Chez Causse, Dijon 1780 (French, Google Books ).
• Lucien Guillemaut (1842-1917): Histoire de la Bresse Louhannaise. Vol. 1, Louhans 1897.
• Lucien Guillemaut (1842–1917): Armoiries et familles nobles de la Bresse louhannaise: armoiries ouvrières, armoiries particulières et de familles . Vve L. Romand, Louhans 1909 (French, gallica ).

Web links

Commons : Louhans  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Louhans. on INSEE. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques , accessed on January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Louhans. in the register of communes in France. Retrieved January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Louhans. in the Base Mérimée . Ministère de la Culture, accessed January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Louhans. in Archives départementales. Saône-et-Loire department, accessed on January 21, 2016 (French). 
• Web presence of the city of Louhans

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The most beautiful detours in France , French, accessed November 28, 2015
2. ↑ Louhans. on habitants.fr. Retrieved January 25, 2016 (French). 
3. ↑ La Seille , length 100.0 km, tributary to the Saône , source at 46 ° 45 ′ 52.2 ″  N , 5 ° 41 ′ 30.8 ″  E in Ladoye-sur-Seille at approx. 390 m, mouth at 46 ° 31 ′ 10.6 ″  N , 4 ° 56 ′ 20.8 ″  E in La Truchère at approx. 169 m, La Seille on sandre.eaufrance.fr
4. ↑ La Vallière , length 50.8 km, tributary to Solnan , source at 46 ° 37 ′ 25.3 ″  N , 5 ° 36 ′ 27.7 ″  E in Revigny at approx. 419 m, mouth at 46 ° 37 ′ 10 , 2 ″  N , 5 ° 13 ′ 19.6 ″  E in Louhans at approx. 178 m, La Vallière on sandre.eaufrance.fr
5. ↑ Le Solnan , length of 61.6 km, to the inflow Seille , source at 46 ° 20 '33 "  N , 5 ° 21' 31.3"  O in Verjon m to about 227, mouth at 46 ° 37 '46.2 ″  N , 5 ° 13 ′ 5.5 ″  E in Louhans at approx. 176 m, Le Solnan on sandre.eaufrance.fr
6. ↑ Ruisseau de l'Étang du Villard , length 6.8 km, tributary to Ruisseau de Blaine, source at 46 ° 40 ′ 38.3 ″  N , 5 ° 18 ′ 22.7 ″  E in Le Fay at approx. 198 m , Mouth at 46 ° 37 ′ 44 ″  N , 5 ° 16 ′ 35 ″  E in Louhans at approx. 184 m, Ruisseau de l'Étang du Villard on sandre.eaufrance.fr
7. ↑ Ruisseau de Blaine , length 25.9 km, tributary to the Vallière , source at 46 ° 40 ′ 8.4 ″  N , 5 ° 27 ′ 20.2 ″  E in Courlaoux at approx. 221 m, mouth at 46 ° 37 ′ 11.3 ″  N , 5 ° 14 ′ 30.8 ″  E in Louhans at approx. 177 m, Ruisseau de Blaine on sandre.eaufrance.fr
8. ^ Department road D678. on routes.wikia.com. Retrieved April 16, 2015 (French). 
9. ^ Department road D972. on routes.wikia.com. Retrieved April 16, 2015 (French). 
10. ^ Department road D996. on routes.wikia.com. Retrieved April 16, 2015 (French). 
11. ^ Department road D12. on routes.wikia.com. Retrieved April 16, 2015 (French). 
12. ^ Department road D971. on routes.wikia.com. Retrieved April 16, 2015 (French). 
13. ^ Department road D978. on routes.wikia.com. Retrieved April 16, 2015 (French). 
14. ^ Department road D678. on routes.wikia.com. Retrieved April 16, 2015 (French). 
15. ^ Department road D13. on routes.wikia.com. Retrieved April 16, 2015 (French). 
16. ↑ Dictionnaire Topographique de Saône-et-Loire. (PDF) Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, accessed on November 28, 2015 (French, search term: <CTRL> -f Louhans). 
17. ↑ Brief description of the church. (PDF) by Louhans. La Pastorale du Tourisme en Saône et Loire, accessed on May 30, 2015 (French). 
18. ↑ After Lucien Guillemaut , Histoire de la Bresse louhannaise , Volume I, page 335f.
19. ↑ Guillaume BADET: coat of arms. the city of Louhans. Le Journal de Saône-et-Loire, November 11, 2012, accessed on January 26, 2016 (original blowing : de gueules à deux clefs d'argent passées en sautoir, accompagnés en chef d'une fleur de Lys d'or ). 
20. ↑ Armorial des communes. Châteaurenaud. L'Armorial des villes et des villages de France, accessed on January 16, 2016 (French, original blowing : De gueules à un chevron fascé ondé d'argent et d'azur, accompagné de trois lis des jardins d'argent ). 
21. ↑ Population statistics on cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved November 28, 2015 (French). 
22. ^ Chicken de Bresse. to INAO, L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved June 26, 2015 (French). 
23. ↑ Dinde de Bresse. to INAO, L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved June 26, 2015 (French). 
24. ↑ Crème de Bresse. to INAO L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved July 3, 2015 (French). 
25. ↑ Beurre de Bresse. to INAO L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved July 3, 2015 (French). 
26. ^ Homepage of the Académie de Dijon. Retrieved January 10, 2016 (French). 
27. ^ Vacation and Holiday Schedule for Zone A. Louhans. Retrieved January 10, 2016 (French). 
28. ↑ Tourism Organization of Bresse Louhannaise, French market of Louhans , accessed February 21, 2015
29. ↑ Brief description of the church. (PDF) from Châteaurenaud. La Pastorale du Tourisme en Saône et Loire, accessed on May 30, 2015 (French). 
30. ^ Matthieu Auclair: Antoine de Mailly. Marquis de Châteaurenaud. Le Journal de Saône-et-Loire, March 31, 2012, accessed February 10, 2016 (French).