Branges

This article describes the French community of Branges . For the French mathematician, see Louis de Branges de Bourcia .

Branges
region	Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Department	Saône-et-Loire
Arrondissement	Louhans
Canton	Louhans
Community association	Bresse Louhannaise Intercom '
Coordinates	46 ° 39 ′  N , 5 ° 10 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 39 ′  N , 5 ° 10 ′  E
height	173-209 m
surface	24.59 km 2
Residents	2,357 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	96 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	71500
INSEE code	71056
Website	http://www.mairie-branges.fr/

Branges is a French commune in the Saône-et-Loire in the region of Bourgogne Franche-Comté . It belongs to the Arrondissement Louhans , the canton Louhans and the communal association Communauté de communes Cœur de Bresse . The place has 2357 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017), they are Brangeois , resp. Called Brangeoises .

geography

The place is located in the Bresse countryside , east of the canton capital Louhans . The settlement area has grown together with that of the city of Louhans and is mainly along the department road D 978 (Louhans - St-Germain-du-Plain ), which runs through the community in a west-east direction. The Seille forms the southern border. From the north, the Ruisseau de Barbette and the Ruisseau du Champ flow into the Seille . The community has six étangs that are drained by the Ruisseaux . The community has practically no forest areas, only larger poplar plantations can be found in the floodplains along the Seille south of the settlement. The municipality includes the following hamlets and corridors: Barbète, Bas-de-Branges, Beaumont, Beauregard, Beauvoir, Bergerie, Bioux, Blanchard, Bois-de-Chize, Bois-de-Lichot, Boucheret, Boulards, Boulays, Bourg, Bourg -Neuf, Bruyère, Buissons, Butarde, Cadoles-de-l'Étang-Guilme, Cadoles-des-Bois, Canton, Chaintre, Chalet-Bernigaud, Champ, Champ-Devant, Champ-de-Foire, Châtelet, Chênerie, Copin , Cours-Bety, Cours-Guilme, Cours-Jonchot, Creusette, Crouillets, Crouzes, Cumbliacus, Cure, Curtil-Lancelot, Forestille, Gautrelles, Gigneux, Goberge, Grand-Charmont, Grand-Chemin, Guidon, Haut-de-Branges , Liets, Maison-Grange, Marais, Marosses, Mogny, Mont, Moulin, Petit-Charmont, Paradis, Perche, Pics, Platière, Plattes, Pont-Buguet, Port, Pré-du-Vernay, Quatre-Chênes, Quemine, Roche , Rue-des-Guillots, Rue-du-Ladre, Sables, Sennecières, Suts, Taureaux, Terre-Plaine, Touppes, Triage, Tuilerie, Varenne, Vaultantenay, Venets, Verne, Vernes-Mollard, Vernets, Vignes, Ville.

climate

The climate in Branges is warm and temperate. There is significant rainfall throughout the year, even the driest month still has high rainfall. The effective climate classification according to Köppen and Geiger is Cfb . The annual average temperature is 11.0 ° C. Spread over a year, the rainfall adds up to 813 mm.

Branges
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     61   5 -1     59   7th 0     57   12 3     58   16 6th     78   20th 9     78   23 13     59   26th 14th     78   25th 14th     78   22nd 11     66   16 7th     77   10 3     64   5 0 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: Branges on climate-data.org

Toponymy

The oldest document that mentions Branges is the gift of Gerberga , widow of Louis d'Outre-Mer and mother of Lothar , the French king, who bequeathed the church to the monastery of Cluny in 955 : in villa Brengis, in comitatu Cabillonensi, ecclesiam Sancti Mauritii , where the Saint Mauritius Church is mentioned. At most, the name goes back to the Celtic word bram , which means close by , in the sense of being close to the Seille . The founding of the place itself seems to go back a long way, at least the finds of Roman bricks indicate this.

history

Since 1265, the Church of Saint Mauritius has had a familiarity with 10 clerics who were responsible for the daily masses in the chapels, the church had seven chapels. Branges had an old supremacy: it was the seat of an archpriest who had the supervision and jurisdiction over 10 neighboring parishes. The archpriest supervised the priests who were subordinate to him, reported to the bishop about their behavior, maintained church service in the event of resignation and death, supervised the keeping of birth records and fulfilled certain duties of representation, last but not least, he took over the consecrated oil for the attention of his priests. He also had the right to receive the offerings while a priest was absent, along with a third of his annual earnings and the right to take over the bed of a deceased pastor, along with a pair of sheets, a blanket, a pillow and the birett . This ecclesiastical institution seems to go back to the first period of Christianization of the Bresse in the 7th century and lasted until the end of the Ancien Régime . Although the church was donated to the Monastery of Cluny, the Monastery of Saint Pierre de Chalon owned the collature . The respective pastor received only one eighth of the tithe, the remaining 7/8 went to the Familiarité . Nevertheless, the parish of Branges was one of the richest, with plenty of buildings and land. In addition, the pastor was allowed to graze his cattle at any time, even before the grain harvest, and he had the right to fish in the Seille and free hunting in the woods. The church was in the same place as it is today, standing alone on an elevation. This isolation suggests that the church has an ancient history and goes back to the early days of Christianization. The earlier church building from the 12th and 13th centuries seems to have been remarkable for the construction of its vaults, doors and windows, its baptismal font, the grave inscriptions and its chapels . Some of the gravestones set in the church floor bear inscriptions from the 13th century. It is reported of a linkage at the end of which a wheel fitted with bells made a bell when turning during certain parts of the service.

The old church was destroyed in 1860 and rebuilt in neo-Gothic style - only the bell tower remained from the old church. until 1736 there was a lepro series dedicated to St. Thomas Aquinas . The fortune went to the hospital in Tournus , with the condition that a bed be provided for a sick person. As early as 1725, the pastor of Branges had bought a bed in Louhans' hospital for 1000 Écus , in addition to a place for an orphan in the orphanage.

At the beginning the lords of Branges were free, responsible only to God and their sword, in 1202 Branges belonged to Ponce de Cuiseaux , 1414 to the family of Saint-Trivier , 1533 to Jean de Lugny , 1616 to René d'Amoncourt de Montigny and 1654 to Antoine Barillon de Morangy . In 1655 the area of Branges , Montret , Juif and Savigny-sur-Seille became a marquisate . This rule consisted of two parts: the self-government of Branges - comprising the main town with four surrounding hamlets - and the Terreplaine , the flat land. While the free area enjoyed privileges and freedoms since 1256, the residents of the Terreplaine were subject to tax liability and compulsory labor . The first Marquis of Branges was Paul Barillon d'Amoncourt , special envoy of the French King Louis XIV in London between 1677 and 1688. From 1543 the citizens had the right to fish in the Seille , only on foot, but with nets up to 3  toises (about 6 meters) to hunt without nets and only animals that were not prohibited by royal decree. Whores or crooks who insulted honorable citizens could be punished by them with impunity. The castle was built in 1478 under Louis XI. destroyed and the town burned down. In the process it lost its city wall and gates. The town itself was right next to the castle, surrounded by moats, the entrance was protected by guards who also received compensation for every barrel of wine.

The place had the right to two markets. Between 1973 and 1979 Branges was incorporated into its larger neighboring parish Louhans . In the 19th century, more and more industrial mills were built; in 1856 there were six grain mills on the Seille, as well as an oil mill. In 1988 there were still 141 farms.

Due to the proximity of the Seille , Branges was repeatedly hit by natural disasters. A storm caused damage from 6 to 10 November 1982, and in the summer of 2003 the community was affected by the drought, which resulted in earth moving. From 1982 to 2010 alone, 13 events with floods and debris flows are listed that affected Branges.

heraldry

Since February 19, 1952, Branges uses a coat of arms that was newly created. It is used on the official paper of the municipality, but also as a logo for the fire department. Blazon : In red a pelican in silver, chewing on the breast, grazing in the golden nest with red drops of blood, in the shield head in blue a golden stylized lily. The entirety of the coat of arms represents power, fame and willingness to make sacrifices.

The complete coat of arms is supplemented by a five-way tinned, golden wall crown in the upper coat of arms, with an oak branch on the right and a laurel branch as a shield holder. This takes over elements that go back to the Camus family , the last noble family in the municipality before the fall of the Ancien Régime .

population

Number of inhabitants
(source:)

year	1962	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2017
Residents	2.212	2,338	2,312	2,155	2,087	2,219	2,357

Economy and Infrastructure

Number and type of establishments and shops

There is a leisure harbor on the banks of the Seille , which is used by sports boats and houseboats . In addition to the Mairie and the church, there are various shops, 28 farms and a large number of other businesses in the community

Farms

Operating area	number	from that	from that
Agriculture	48
Agriculture and forestry		28
Cereals legumes oil fruits			8th
Vegetable growing			11
Feed			3
Cut and ornamental flowers			2
Forest management			1
Garden maintenance			1
Agriculture + horticulture services			2
Breeding and fishing companies		18th
beekeeping			3
Fur farming			3
Domestic and zoo animals			3
Cattle breeding			3
Horses, mules, donkeys			2
rearing			2
Wild eggs			2
Veterinary			2
poultry			5
Food manufacturing		4th
Slaughterhouse			1
Bread patisserie			3
Products for the food industry		1
Service for the catering industry			1

Other establishments

Branch	number
Mining energy water waste	2
Manufacture of food beverages tobacco products	6th
Production of transport material	3
Manufacture of other industrial products	10
Building trade	16
Trade + repair of motor vehicles	39
Transport and logistics	9
Hotels and restaurants	3
Information + communication	2
Finance + Insurance	1
Real estate industry	2
Science administration advice	18th
Public administration, education, health	9
other services	10

Retail stores

Type of store	number
Hardware store	1
Grocery store	1
bakery	2
Butcher's shop	2
flower shop	1

Protected products in the community

Crème et beurre de Bresse , as well as Volaille de Bresse and Dinde de Bresse are approved as AOC products in Branges .

Educational institutions

The following educational institutions exist in the municipality:

• an École maternelle attended by 82 children,
• an élémentaire school attended by 148 children,

both of which are subordinate to the Académie de Dijon . The vacation schedule for Zone A applies to schools.

literature

• Claude Courtépée (1721–1781): Description historique et topographique du Duché de Bourgogne . tape 5 . Chez Causse, Dijon 1780 (French, Google Books ).
• Lucien Guillemaut (1842-1917): Histoire de la Bresse Louhannaise. Vol. 1, Louhans 1897.
• Lucien Guillemaut (1842–1917): Armoiries et familles nobles de la Bresse louhannaise: armoiries ouvrières, armoiries particulières et de familles . Vve L. Romand, Louhans 1909 (French, gallica ).

Web links

Commons : Branges  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Branges. on INSEE. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques , accessed on January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Branges. in the register of communes in France. Retrieved January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Branges. in the Base Mérimée . Ministère de la Culture, accessed January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Branges. in Archives départementales. Saône-et-Loire department, accessed on January 21, 2016 (French). 
• Website of the municipality of Branges

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Branges. on habitants.fr. Retrieved November 27, 2015 (French). 
2. ↑ Departementsstrasse D73. on routes.wikia.com. Retrieved November 27, 2015 (French). 
3. ↑ La Seille , length 100.0 km, tributary to the Saône , source at 46 ° 45 ′ 52.2 ″  N , 5 ° 41 ′ 30.8 ″  E in Ladoye-sur-Seille at approx. 390 m, mouth at 46 ° 31 ′ 10.6 ″  N , 4 ° 56 ′ 20.8 ″  E in La Truchère at approx. 169 m, La Seille on sandre.eaufrance.fr
4. ↑ Ruisseau de Barbette , length 6.0 km, tributary to the Seille , source at 46 ° 40 ′ 12 ″  N , 5 ° 7 ′ 9.5 ″  E in Montret at approx. 206 m, mouth at 46 ° 37 ′ 51, 2 ″  N , 5 ° 7 ′ 48.7 ″  E in Sornay at approx. 175 m, Ruisseau de Barbette on sandre.eaufrance.fr
5. ↑ Ruisseau du Champ , length 3.3 km, tributary to the Seille , source at 46 ° 39 ′ 57.6 ″  N , 5 ° 10 ′ 43.7 ″  E in Branges at approx. 198 m, mouth at 46 ° 38 ′ 20 ″  N , 5 ° 10 ′ 3.7 ″  E in Branges at approx. 175 m, Ruisseau du Champ on sandre.eaufrance.fr
6. ↑ Dictionnaire Topographique de Saône-et-Loire. (PDF) Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, accessed on April 16, 2015 (French, search term: <CTRL> -f Branges). 
7. ↑ Brief description of the church. (PDF) from Branges. La Pastorale du Tourisme en Saône et Loire, accessed on May 30, 2015 (French). 
8. ↑ Armorial des communes. Branges. In: Archives départementales. Le Département Saône-et-Loire, accessed on January 16, 2016 (French, original blowing : De gueules au pélican d'argent avec sa piété de gueules dans son aire d'or. Au chef d'azur chargé d'une fleur de lys d'or. L'écu est timbré d'une couronne murale à cinq créneaux d'or, il est soutenu à dextre par une branche de chêne et à senestre par une branche de laurier. ). 
9. ↑ Population statistics on cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved November 29, 2014 (French). 
10. ^ Company in Branges. Kompass.fr, accessed February 13, 2016 (French). 
11. ^ Company in Branges. Nombre d'établissements par secteur d'activité et par taille en 2014 (Téléchargement). INSEE.fr, accessed on February 13, 2016 (French). 
12. ^ Company in Branges. Nombre d'équipements et de services dans le domaine du commerce en 2014 (Téléchargement). INSEE.fr, accessed on February 13, 2016 (French). 
13. ↑ Crème de Bresse. to INAO L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved July 3, 2015 (French). 
14. ↑ Beurre de Bresse. to INAO L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved July 3, 2015 (French). 
15. ^ Chicken de Bresse. to INAO, L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved June 26, 2015 (French). 
16. ↑ Dinde de Bresse. to INAO, L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved June 26, 2015 (French). 
17. ^ Homepage of the Académie de Dijon. Retrieved January 10, 2016 (French). 
18. ↑ Vacation and holiday schedule for Zone A. Branges. Retrieved January 10, 2016 (French).