Fretterans

Fretterans
region	Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Department	Saône-et-Loire
Arrondissement	Louhans
Canton	Pierre-de-Bresse
Community association	Bresse North Intercom '
Coordinates	46 ° 55 '  N , 5 ° 17'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 55 '  N , 5 ° 17'  E
height	182-186 m
surface	10.27 km 2
Residents	287 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	28 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	71270
INSEE code	71207

Fretterans is a French commune in the department of Saone-et-Loire in the region of Bourgogne Franche-Comté . It belongs to the Arrondissement of Louhans and the canton of Pierre-de-Bresse . The place has 287 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017). The residents are Fretteranais , respectively. Called Fretteranaises .

geography

The municipality is located on the northern border of the Bresse countryside in a loop of the river south of the Doubs , which also forms the border with the Jura department . The municipality is hardly forested, only a small area north of the Doubs has some deciduous and coppice forest, along with some poplar plantations along the watercourses. The rest of the municipality is largely used for agriculture. In an east-west direction the Département road D118 connects Lays-sur-le-Doubs with Neublans-Abergement , in a north-south direction the Département road D373 runs from Fretterans towards Authumes .

The Doubs is a determining factor for the municipality, a source of wealth and destruction at the same time. The floodplain is extremely fertile and the inhabitants of Fretterans had the right to fish in the Doubs since 1433. The Doubs was at times used as a waterway and as a transport route, drove mills and sawmills.

The river could also be devastating, on May 29, 1729 six women drowned at the same time, on September 30, 1784 a man and five women. They appeared to have crossed the river in a boat, dragging cattle behind them to graze on the river islands or across the river. In addition, the course of the river was unsteady, he could change his bed and threatened or destroyed the village several times. The residents complained to the General Council and work began on this. But the residents of the opposite Petit-Noir destroyed the work they had started, beat the workers, burned the construction wood, conquered the workshops and stole the tools. Since then, measures have been taken to calm the Doubs, keep him in his bed and protect the endangered villages.

The following hamlets and meadows belong to the municipality: Corvée, Faubourg, Ilets, Iliation, Iliom, Motte, Pâquier, Pays-Neuf, Roue .

climate

The climate in Fretterans is warm and temperate. There is significant rainfall throughout the year, even the driest month still has high rainfall. The effective climate classification according to Köppen and Geiger is Cfb . The annual average temperature is 11.0 ° C. Spread over a year, the rainfall adds up to 814 mm.

Fretterans
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     63   5 -1     60   7th 0     56   12 3     58   16 6th     78   20th 9     77   23 13     59   26th 14th     78   25th 14th     77   22nd 11     65   16 7th     77   10 3     66   5 0 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: climate-data.org

Doubs at Fretterans

Church of Fretterans, dedicated to the Assumption of Our Lady

Toponymy

The name possibly goes back to the Celtic settlement period, which is indicated by the final syllable -ans . But it is also conceivable that the name goes back to freta, frecta , which was used to designate undeveloped land. The final syllable -ans can also have developed from the Germanic suffix -inc, -ing . It is therefore likely that the immigrating Germanic Burgundians gave the place its name in the 5th century. The place name appears for the first time as Freterens in the cartular of Baume , according to which the place also belonged to the property of this monastery.

history

Grande Rue by Fretterans

At the extreme edge of the municipal area is la Motte with a half-timbered house that was built in 1663. From the 14th to the 16th century there was a fortified mansion on the hill, which served as a defense against the attacking opponents from Franche-Comté . On the Rue de l'église there is a farmhouse that dates back to the same period, is now renovated and is still inhabited.

In the 13th century, part of the local area belonged to one of the most influential Burgundian families, the de Vienne . Their possessions stretched from Seurre to Franche-Comté and southern Bresse . The family gradually gave up their power to the monasteries. At the end of the 14th century, Mathey de Rye ruled over part of Fretteran's, but as a vassal of Jacques de Vienne , his wife's brother. A document from 1433 shows that his son, Guy de Rye , has the freedom and the right to hunt all animals and birds of prey in the area for the gifts and services rendered to him by the inhabitants of Fretteran. in the river as well as elsewhere and even in the forest of Neublans , with safety nets or other devices, whereby they only have to pay the master a quarter of the venison. As a result of the marriage of Guy de Rye's daughter , her husband, Pierre de Goux , becomes master of Fretterans. He is knighted by Philip the Good after the Battle of the Scheldt . In 1465 he succeeded Nicolas Rolin as Grand Chancellor of Philip the Good and Charles the Bold . In 1467, Pierre de Goux acquired half of Louhans . He dies in Belgium, where he has extensive possessions. He is a direct ancestor of King Baudouin I of Belgium .

In 1503 a descendant of the Goux is lord of Fretterans, N. Longvy de Givry is mentioned as the second owner of the area . In 1540 Françoise de Longvy sold her rule to Ray Fernandez Dalmata , the Spanish ambassador to the court of the French king .

In 1534 Philippe Chabot , Admiral of France , acquired the rule of Authume , his son Léonor is also master of Fretterans and recognized this as an allod . In 1676 the people of Fretterans were even freed from their tithes . The reign later belonged to Fretterans Pierre Belin , who sold it to Louis de Lorraine in 1685 . In the following year it was acquired by Claude de Thiard and finally remained in the possession of the Thiards until the French Revolution .

In the course of the turmoil of the revolution, Jean Cordelier , a doctor in Fretterans, acquired large areas of land in the villages of Fretterans, Authumes and Neublans as a department administrator . The church was misused and served as a community administration. In the year VII of the revolution (1800), the municipal representative had the residents recorded and counted 120 households with 440 inhabitants.

House on Grande Rue

The residents - like all residents of the region - suffered various setbacks. In the first third of the 11th century, three major famines plagued the population, the third of 1030 was aggravated by a plague epidemic. The end of the century brings with the returning crusaders leprosy , which was rampant for three centuries.

In the 14th century, the population suffered from the merciless wars between the Duchy of Burgundy and Franche-Comté and the Hundred Years War . The fields were no longer tilled, famine plagued the population and in 1348 the plague raged , wiping out a third of the population. 1390 and 1399 brought new plague epidemics. In addition, the population suffered from the raids of the Grandes Compagnies . The farmers dug underground hiding places and worked to the point of exhaustion to support their families and not starve to death. In 1356 a heavy earthquake shook the area, accompanied by strong storms, the bridges of the Saône were washed away and numerous villages were destroyed.

The Doubs floodplain near Fretterans - Pierre-de-Bresse

The 15th century doesn't seem to have been much better, food shortages and plague, especially in 1437, devastation from the bandits of robbers released by King Charles VII, the Victorious , after the Hundred Years War ended. Guards on the church towers warned the population if something was moving in the distance, and the farmers hid their furniture and cattle in their holes and in bushes. In 1439 the army of the Duke of Burgundy went to destroy the gangs whose dead bodies were drifting down the Doubs and Saône . Since then, there seems to be an enmity between the Burgundians and the people of Franche-Comté : “The people of Fretteran, happy to see the French army approaching, ... decided to act on their own, attacked the neighboring village of Longwy , causing some damage to finally abduct the church bells in triumph. The anger over this attack was so strong that for more than a century a marriage between people of Longwy and residents of Fretterans was unthinkable. "

The 16th century began with a terrible plague epidemic. Droughts like 1556 or freezing winters like 1565 led again to famine. Humans contributed to the horror, civil wars and religious conflicts shook the Bresse , which was inclined to Protestantism . Finally, in 1590, an armistice was concluded under King Henry IV . But when he wanted to conquer Franche-Comté , the Bresse suffered again from the terrible consequences of the war.

Doubs at Fretterans

The 17th century brought ongoing wars with Franche-Comté , in 1636 the villages along the Doubs were sacked and the population massacred. The same thing was repeated several times, plus draconian taxes to finance the wars, the plague raged and in 1652 a solar eclipse terrified the population. In 1662 all of France suffered a famine and the following year it rained continuously from June to August, accompanied by floods, devastation, population decline, poor harvests and great mortality (Fretterans 1693: 19 deaths, 1694: 20 deaths).

The 18th century was marked by the Little Ice Age , people were only allowed to eat grass, nothing more was available. Bread was baked from the roots of the bracken and people died like flies from hunger and eating grass. (Fretterans 1709: 33 deaths, 1710: 29, 1746: 29, 1747: 34) In the middle of the century, cattle epidemics followed and famine raged across France. The winter of 1788/89 was terrible, followed by unprecedented drought and renewed cold. The population was ready for anything in their need and therefore willingly followed into the revolution .

population

Number of inhabitants
(source:)

year	1793	1800	1821	1831	1841	1851	1861	1872	1881	1891	1901	1911	1921	1931	1946	1962	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2011
Residents	414	418	513	552	455	480	555	533	561	506	507	507	448	426	426	386	352	335	318	299	300	292
From 1962 official figures excluding residents with a second residence

Economy and Infrastructure

In the village there is a church (dedicated to the Assumption of Mary), a mairie , a multi-purpose hall, a bar-café, a horticultural company, a carpenter's shop, a sawmill and a poultry farm. The locals in neighboring Pierre-de-Bresse (3 km) supply themselves with everyday necessities . Morbier and Comté are approved as AOC products in Fretterans , as well as Volaille de Bresse and Dinde de Bresse .

Educational institutions

There is an École primaire ( École maternelle and École élémentaire ) in the municipality , which is subordinate to the Académie de Dijon and attended by 22 children. The vacation schedule for zone A applies to the school.

literature

• Claude Courtépée (1721–1781): Description historique et topographique du Duché de Bourgogne . tape 5 . Chez Causse, Dijon 1780 (French, Google Books ).
• Lucien Guillemaut (1842-1917): Histoire de la Bresse Louhannaise. Vol. 1, Louhans 1897.
• Lucien Guillemaut (1842–1917): Armoiries et familles nobles de la Bresse louhannaise: armoiries ouvrières, armoiries particulières et de familles . Vve L. Romand, Louhans 1909 (French, gallica ).

Web links

Commons : Fretterans  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Fretterans. on INSEE. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques , accessed on January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Fretterans. in the register of communes in France. Retrieved January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Fretterans. in the Base Mérimée . Ministère de la Culture, accessed January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Fretterans. in Archives départementales. Saône-et-Loire department, accessed on January 21, 2016 (French). 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Fretterans. on habitants.fr. Retrieved March 24, 2015 (French). 
2. ^ Fretterans in the Dictionnaire Topographique de Saône-et-Loire. (PDF) Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, accessed on March 24, 2015 (French, search term: <CTRL> -f Fretterans). 
3. ↑ Lucien Guillemaut: Histoire de la Bresse Louhannaise , Vol. 1, p. 191, Louhans 1897.
4. ↑ Lucien Guillemaut: Histoire de la Bresse Louhannaise , Vol. 1, pp. 195 and 199, Louhans 1897.
5. ↑ Lucien Guillemaut: Histoire de la Bresse Louhannaise , Vol. 1, p. 409, Louhans 1897.
6. ^ Claude Courtépée : Description Générale et Particulière du Duché de Bourgogne , Dijon 1775
7. ^ Armand Marquiset: Dole, Précis statistique de l'arrondissement, Res Universis 1991, reprint of the work from 1841
8. ^ Eliane Jacquelin: L'histoire de notre village. Retrieved March 24, 2015 (French). 
9. ↑ Population statistics on cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved March 23, 2015 (French). 
10. ↑ Comté. to INAO, L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved June 26, 2015 (French). 
11. ^ Chicken de Bresse. to INAO, L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved June 26, 2015 (French). 
12. ↑ Dinde de Bresse. to INAO, L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved June 26, 2015 (French). 
13. ^ Homepage of the Académie de Dijon. Retrieved January 10, 2016 (French). 
14. ↑ Vacation and holiday schedule for Zone A. Fretterans. Retrieved January 10, 2016 (French).