Turnips (plant)

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Turnips
Flowering turnips (Brassica rapa)

Flowering turnips ( Brassica rapa )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Brassiceae
Genre : Cabbage ( Brassica )
Type : Turnips
Scientific name
Brassica rapa
L.

The rapeseed or rapeseed or rapeseed ( Brassica rapa ) is a species from the cruciferous family . The turnip rape has been cultivated since the Neolithic. There are numerous varieties or subspecies that are grown as oil, vegetable or fodder crops.

features

The turnip rape is an annual or biennial plant that can reach heights of 20 to 100 cm. The basal leaves are grass green and bristly rough. The upper stem leaves are sessile with a heart-shaped, stem-encompassing leaf base. The leaves are mostly hairy and like the stems blue-green frosted.

The flower buds are dominated by the open flowers. The flower stalk is always longer than the flower. The sepals and the shorter stamens are protruding. The petals are golden yellow, 6 to 10 mm long, about 1.5 times as long as the calyx. The petals are nailed short. Pollination is carried out by bees , the flowering period is April to September.

The fruit is a pod , the seeds are veined.

The turnip rape is predominantly diploid, the number of chromosomes is 2n = 20, 40.

distribution

The turnip rape is native to the Mediterranean region. As a cultivated plant, it is widespread and often overgrown. In Germany he is considered an archaeophyte .

Rübsen offer u. A. The roe deer still have lush green grazing in winter and are therefore often sown on wild fields.

Systematics

The turnip rape is a parent species of the rapeseed ( Brassica napus ).

Several subspecies are distinguished within the species, each representing different groups of crops:

  • Oil rape , wild rape ( Brassica rapa subsp. Oleifera , Syn. Brassica rapa subsp. Campestris (L.) ARClapham)
  • Turnip , water beet ( Brassica rapa subsp. Rapa ), also belong here
    • Teltow turnips ( Brassica rapa L. subsp. Rapa var. Teltowiensis ),
    • May beet ( Brassica rapa subsp. Rapa var. Majalis )
    • Autumn turnip ( Brassica rapa subsp. Rapa subvar. Esculenta )
  • Turnipstick ( Brassica rapa var. Rapifera subvar. Pabularia )
  • Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa subsp. Pekinensis )
  • Pak Choi ( Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis )
  • Stem cabbage ( Brassica rapa var. Cymosa )
  • Japanese mustard spinach ( Brassica rapa var. Perviridis or komatsuna )

supporting documents

  • Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6

Web links

Commons : Rübsen ( Brassica rapa )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Rübsen  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations