Sainte-Croix (Saône-et-Loire)

Sainte-Croix
region	Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Department	Saône-et-Loire
Arrondissement	Louhans
Canton	Cuiseaux
Community association	Bresse Louhannaise Intercom '
Coordinates	46 ° 34 ′  N , 5 ° 15 ′  E Coordinates: 46 ° 34 ′  N , 5 ° 15 ′  E
height	177-210 m
surface	20.87 km 2
Residents	635 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	30 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	71470
INSEE code	71401
Website	Homepage Saint-Croix

Sainte-Croix is a French commune in the department of Saone-et-Loire in the region of Bourgogne Franche-Comté . It belongs to the Arrondissement Louhans and the Canton of Cuiseaux . The community has 635 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017).

geography

Sainte-Croix is ​​located in the Bresse countryside , just under seven kilometers south of Louhans above the Solnan , which flows through the eastern municipality from south to north and touches the Bourg . It forms the largest part of the eastern border of the municipality and takes up La Gizia as a tributary at the westernmost point of the municipality . The Sane-Morte forms part of the southern and parts of the north-western municipal boundary, in between it flows through the western municipal area in a pronounced river valley from south to north. In the southern municipal area there are about eight étangs , which are drained by artificial watercourses, so-called Biefs, into the two main rivers Solnan and Sane-Morte . The western municipal area is consistently richly forested, in the Solnan valley there are predominantly poplar plantations . The department road D996 (Louhans - Varennes-Saint-Sauveur ) leads in north-south direction through the municipality and through the village. The municipality includes the following hamlets and corridors: Abergement, Balme, Barre, Bel-Air, Bergenées, Biefs, Biolée, Bois-Brûlés, Borde, Bouvatière, Champ, Champ-Cochard, Champ-Reine, Châtenay, Châtillon, Citadelle, Communes , Cornets, Courfoulot, Coutelas, Craffes, Curtil-Morey, Curtils-Martin, Egreffes, Etang-Jacotin, Etang-Salabé, Faubourg, Frétilles, Frete, Fuisses, Gardières, Grand-Pont, Lavy, Malabutte, Mas-Richerois, Maupoirier , Meix-Tuzon, Minute, Motte, Pâquier, Pendants, Petites-Fournaches, Piguets, Pins, Platières, Pommiers, Putonnières, Recule, Tagiset, Tuilerie, Tupins, Valatière, Varenne, Vaux, Villerots, Voyssières.

climate

The climate in Sainte-Croix is ​​warm and temperate. There is significant rainfall throughout the year, even the driest month still has high rainfall. The effective climate classification according to Köppen and Geiger is Cfb . The annual average temperature is 11.1 ° C. Within one year there is 820 mm of precipitation.

Sainte-Croix
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     61   5 -1     59   7th 0     59   12 3     59   16 6th     78   20th 9     78   24 13     59   26th 14th     79   25th 14th     79   22nd 11     67   16 7th     78   10 3     64   5 0 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: climate-data.org

Toponymy

Henri de Sainte Croix is mentioned as early as 1270, then the name was retained and transferred to the municipality. The history chapter deals with the importance of the lords of this region . Incidentally, the church is dedicated to the discovery of the cross (French: invention de la sainte croix ).

history

The area of ​​Sainte-Croix was evidently already settled in Gallo-Roman times, a Roman road led through the hamlets of Barre and Balme from Louhans to Cousance . In Balme , remnants of this street were allegedly to be seen at the end of the 19th century.

According to Courtépée , the dukes of Burgundy later gave the area to the de Vienne as a fief, even though they actually came from the same family. This family - the younger branch of which took the name d'Antigny - owned a large number of fiefs in Burgundy, Pagny , Seurre , Pourlans , Longepierre , Mervans , Louhans , Sainte-Croix and others over which the Dukes of Burgundy were sovereign. With the marriage of Guillaume d'Antigny to Beatrix de Vienne , the property passed into the possession of the d'Antigny , who from then on called themselves d'Antigny de Sainte-Croix . The castle of the Lords of Sainte-Croix rose on the left side of the Solnan . It was secured by towers, ditches and drawbridges. Around the castle were the houses of the farmers who sought refuge in the castle in case of danger. The hill above the village is still called the Citadelle today. With the marriage of Jeanne de Sainte-Croix , the newly created branch of the de Vienne becomes the owner of Sainte-Croix again. Because of his wastefulness, Guillaume IV. De Vienne had to sell his possessions in 1461, and Rudolf von Hachberg became the new master . In 1509, Sainte-Croix passed into the hands of Louis d'Orléans and finally to the Dukes of Longueville and Nemours . In 1627, Sainte-Croix was owned by Anne Charlotte de Champlecy , who married Charles d'Artagnan de Batz-Castelmore on April 3, 1659 in the church of Saint-André-des-Arts in Paris . This d'Artagnan was immortalized by Alexandre Dumas in The Three Musketeers, made a name for himself in many campaigns, notably at the siege of Dole during the second conquest of Franche-Comté in 1608, became Maréchal de camp and lost his life in the siege in 1673 of Maastricht (1673) . His son Louis Gabriel de Batz de Castelmore d'Artagnan became lord of Sainte-Croix, became an officer in the king's guard regiment and captain of the dragoons in the regiment of Nicolaï. His coat of arms: three open-cut silver towers on black.

It was he who relieved the residents of Sainte-Croix from the obligation to bake their bread in the public ovens that belonged to the Lord and to pay ten sous for it per inhabitant. His mother, Anne Charlotte de Champlecy , widow of d'Artagnan, died on December 31, 1683 in the castle of Sainte-Croix, his wife, the Countess d'Artagnan de Sainte-Croix , died in Chalon in 1714. Both are buried in the church of Sainte-Croix, in the crypt of the Notre-Dame de Pitié chapel. After d'Artagnan's death, his sons took over the rule, the de Batz d'Artagnan , and then Jean-François-Joseph du Venant , Count of Iverny , in whose favor Sainte-Croix became a margraviate in 1739. In 1740 he had the castle rebuilt or restored and made a "modern castle" out of it, integrating one of the old towers. 20 years later, in 1759, the rule passed to Claude-François de Renouard de Fleury , Margrave of Sainte-Croix, Count of Villayer. He carried the title of Margrave after buying the estate from Count d'Iverny in 1759. The Renouard were an old noble family from Brittany. Claude-François, born September 26, 1693 in Paris, knight, only made a military career, captain in the Regiment de Nice, was the son of a judge at the high court in Paris , Grossbailli von Droux. When he bought the dominion of Sainte-Croix, he himself was Grand Master of Forest and Water in France, responsible for Burgundy, the Free County and Alsace. In gratitude for the services his ancestors had rendered, he became Count of Villayer (consisting of the parishes of Fertans , Amondans , Amancey , Malans and Déservillers ). In his second marriage in 1738 he married the Vice Countess of Bois-Herpin , Madeleine-Périne Pépin . He had four children from his first marriage and another five from his second wife. The eldest from his second marriage, Philibert-Louis-Maurice de Renouard de Fleury , Count of Villayer, became lord of Sainte-Croix. He married Charlotte-Joseph d'Agay , daughter of the Intendant of Picardy. The older of the sons, Carloman-Louis-François-Félix, Marquis of Renouard of Sainte-Croix, was born in Besançon in 1773 and died in Paris in 1840, leaving behind a notable life's work. He chose the military career, but the revolution forced him to leave France. He was entrusted with various scientific expeditions and published Voyage commercial et politique aux Indes Orientales, aux Iles Philippines, a la Chine, avec des notions sur la Cochinchine et le Tonquin, pendant les années 1803, 1804, 1805, 1806 et 1807 . His brothers were Charles-Henry-Casimir Renouard and Ferdinand-François-Marie Renouard. After the "Annuaire de la noblesse de 1903", Carloman had a son Louis-Marie-Philibert-Edgard-Paul-Marie-Albert de Renouard, who bore the title of Marquis of Sainte-Croix, he was born in 1814, was a cavalry officer, prefect of Dordogne, treasurer and died in Nancy in 1893. He married the daughter of the Duke of Rovigo , with whom he had several children. The eldest, Henri, held the title of Marquis de Sainte-Croix, as did his younger brother Louis-François-Roger, born in Paris in 1846, Brigadier General in 1903. The last member of the Renouard family to be born and died in the castle , was Joseph-Paul-Marie-Albert (born August 16, 1813, † June 3, 1883), son of Armand-Louis-François-Eugène Renouard, Mayor of Sainte-Croix, and Alexandrine-Marie-Caroline Eon de Cély. He lived in Pothières and died in Sainte-Croix, widowed by Mathilde Vaillant of Savoy , who in turn died in Paris. They had two daughters, the elder, Jeanne, married to Marquis Legoux de Saint-Seine , the younger, Elisabeth-Marie-Thérèse (* December 6, 1871 - November 11, 1876), married to Vice Count Albert de Mazenod, died in Cannes at the age of 27. Her daughter Mathilde de Mazenod was married to Marie-Jean-Louis de Varax, with whom she lived in Sainte-Croix Castle at the turn of the century (19th / 20th century).

The two hamlets of Tagiset and Meix-Tuzon first formed their own municipality, which belonged to the Ain department , until they were defeated in Sainte-Croix in year II of the revolutionary calendar . After the revolution, the municipality was called Solnan instead of Sainte-Croix.

The municipality is located in a very sensitive area, with both the Solnan and the Sâne-Morte draining large stretches of the Jura foot. The following natural disasters are noted recently:

• Storm damage from November 6-10, 1982
• Floods and debris flows from December 8th to 31st, 1982
• Floods and debris flows from May 12-13, 1983
• Floods and debris flow from May 6-20, 1985
• Floods and debris flows from October 5th to 10th, 1993
• Floods and debris flows from October 24-26, 1999
• Floods and debris flows from November 24th to 26th, 2002
• Earthmoving as a result of the drought and subsequent water balance from July 1 to September 30, 2003
• Floods and debris flows from April 16-17, 2005
• Floods and debris flow from July 10, 2010

population

Number of inhabitants
(source:)

year	1793	1800	1821	1831	1841	1846	1851	1861	1872	1881	1891	1901	1911	1921	1931	1946	1962	1975	1990	1999	2006	2011
Residents	841	1,043	1,057	1.108	1,321	1,376	1,353	1,322	1,288	1,360	1.311	1,254	1,255	1,083	1,001	880	728	611	520	464	541	599
From 1962 official figures excluding residents with a second residence

Culture and sights

• Chapel in late Gothic stone Flamboynt style (1857)
• Brick neo-Gothic style chapel in Le Boucat
• 19th century pigeon house, fully restored
• Old post office next to the bakery in the village center
• Castle Château-Réal from the 19th century, placed under protection in 1935
• Stone church, restored in 2000
• The 19th century manor house in Servillat
• The Tageat Mill , attested since 1631
• 17th century brickworks, fully restored

Economy and Infrastructure

In addition to the Mairie and the church, there are 15 farms, a butcher, a grocery store, a hardware store, 3 construction companies and a restaurant in the community. Crème et beurre de Bresse are approved as AOC products in Sainte-Croix , as are Volaille de Bresse and Dinde de Bresse

Educational institutions

There is an École maternelle in the municipality , which is subordinate to the Académie de Dijon and is attended by 53 children. The vacation schedule for zone A applies to the school.

literature

• Claude Courtépée (1721–1781): Description historique et topographique du Duché de Bourgogne . tape 5 . Chez Causse, Dijon 1780 (French, Google Books ).
• Lucien Guillemaut (1842-1917): Histoire de la Bresse Louhannaise. Vol. 1, Louhans 1897.
• Lucien Guillemaut (1842–1917): Armoiries et familles nobles de la Bresse louhannaise: armoiries ouvrières, armoiries particulières et de familles . Vve L. Romand, Louhans 1909 (French, gallica ).

Web links

Commons : Sainte-Croix  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Sainte-Croix. on INSEE. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques , accessed on January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Sainte-Croix. in the register of communes in France. Retrieved January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Sainte-Croix. in the Base Mérimée . Ministère de la Culture, accessed January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Sainte-Croix. in Archives départementales. Saône-et-Loire department, accessed on January 21, 2016 (French). 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Le Solnan , length of 61.6 km, to the inflow Seille , source at 46 ° 20 '33 "  N , 5 ° 21' 31.3"  O in Verjon m to about 227, mouth at 46 ° 37 '46.2 ″  N , 5 ° 13 ′ 5.5 ″  E in Louhans at approx. 176 m, Le Solnan on sandre.eaufrance.fr
2. ↑ La Gizia , length 16.9 km, tributary to Solnan , source at 46 ° 31 '41.2 "  N , 5 ° 25' 34"  E in Gizia at approx. 279 m, mouth at 46 ° 33 '32.8 ″  N , 5 ° 16 ′ 17 ″  E in Frontenaud at approx. 184 m, La Gizia on sandre.eaufrance.fr
3. ↑ La Sane-Morte , length 54.6 km, tributary to Sane-Vive , source at 46 ° 22 ′ 31.4 ″  N , 5 ° 11 ′ 28.3 ″  E in Foissiat at approx. 218 m, mouth at 46 ° 34 ′ 30 ″  N , 5 ° 5 ′ 38.8 ″  E in Ménetreuil at approx. 177 m, La Sane-Morte on sandre.eaufrance.fr
4. ^ Department road D996. on routes.wiki.com. Retrieved January 7, 2016 (French). 
5. ↑ Dictionnaire Topographique de Saône-et-Loire. (PDF) Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, accessed on April 16, 2015 (French, search term: Ctrl+ FSainte-Croix). 
6. ^ Homepage of the Association d'Artagnan de Sainte-Croix , French, accessed December 30, 2014
7. ↑ Pierre-Philippe Grappin, Histoire abrégée du Comté de Bourgogne, à l'usage des collèges , 1780 , in French, accessed December 30, 2014 from Google Books
8. ↑ Carloman Renouard de Sainte Croix on CTHS.fr , accessed December 30, 2014
9. ^ Renouard de Sainte-Croix, Carloman Louis François Félix, Voyage commercial et politique aux Indes Orientales, aux Iles Philippines, a la Chine… , French, accessed December 30, 2014 Google Books
10. ↑ Renouard on gallica BnF , French, accessed December 30, 2014
11. ↑ Population statistics on cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved December 16, 2014 (French). 
12. ↑ Crème de Bresse. to INAO L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved July 3, 2015 (French). 
13. ↑ Beurre de Bresse. to INAO L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved July 3, 2015 (French). 
14. ^ Chicken de Bresse. to INAO, L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved June 26, 2015 (French). 
15. ↑ Dinde de Bresse. to INAO, L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved June 26, 2015 (French). 
16. ^ Homepage of the Académie de Dijon. Retrieved January 10, 2016 (French). 
17. ↑ Holiday and bank holiday schedule for Zone A. Sainte-Croix. Retrieved January 10, 2016 (French).