Beauvernois

Beauvernois
region	Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Department	Saône-et-Loire
Arrondissement	Louhans
Canton	Pierre-de-Bresse
Community association	Bresse North Intercom '
Coordinates	46 ° 50 '  N , 5 ° 27'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 50 '  N , 5 ° 27'  E
height	191-218 m
surface	8.94 km 2
Residents	115 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	13 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	71270
INSEE code	71028

Beauvernois is a French commune in the department of Saone-et-Loire in the region of Bourgogne Franche-Comté . It belongs to the Arrondissement of Louhans and the canton of Pierre-de-Bresse . The place has 115 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017), they are Belvernoisiens , resp. Called Belvernoisiennes . But the names Beauvénais and Beauvénaises also appear.

geography

Beauvernois is the easternmost commune in the Saône-et-Loire department. It is located in the Bresse countryside in the Brenne valley , which grazes the northern municipality. The Brenne is divided into several arms in this area, some of which were artificially created to operate mills and to manage étangs . A tributary called Le Grand Fossé (the great moat) actually flows through the municipality . From the south-east, from the municipality of La Chaux-en-Bresse, La Chaux flows through the entire municipality and in the last section forms the border with Mouthier-en-Bresse to flow into the Brenne . Beauvernois is the easternmost commune of the Saône-et-Loire department and borders on the Jura department on three sides . Only in the west does a common border run with Mouthier-en-Bresse in the same department.

As a special feature, the entire municipality of Chêne-Sec lies within the municipal boundaries with an area of ​​73 hectares and a short shared border with Rye and two enclaves . In 1833 this municipality was merged with Beauvernois, but was reversed in the same year. This fact leads to some absurd peculiarities. Navigation devices are confused, suppliers are helpless. The two municipalities belong to different departments , the Jura department is on the left and the Saône-et-Loire department on the right and vice versa. Even the residents never know exactly which municipality they are in. The Jurassic postman drives on the same road as the one in Saône-et-Loire, and two garbage trucks drive their route and, of course, different school buses. It works quite well, but whether the double expenses are justified, the Maire von Beauvernois asks himself . After all, electricity and water are supplied from the Jura for the entire area, but the problem of the Internet does not seem to have been resolved: While Chêne-Sec and thus also the hamlet of Tillerey are served with modern ADSL, the inhabitants of Beauvernois and his have to deal Satisfy hamlets with 512Kb / sec ... or have no internet reception at all!

The community has always been sparsely populated and has a strong agricultural character and today only has a few forest areas in the southwest. Otherwise there are only poplar plantations . The municipality is not accessed by any major road, only in the far south the Départementstrasse D323 grazes the municipality, becomes the Départementstrasse D1 in the Jura department . It lies on the route of a Roman road that led from Bellevesvre to Sellières and Poligny . The following hamlets and corridors belong to the municipality: Bas, Bigueures, Champagne, Charmettes, Fouilles, Perode, Quemine, Tillerey.

Church of the Mairie seen

climate

The climate in Beauvernois is warm and temperate. There is significant rainfall throughout the year, even the driest month still has high rainfall. The effective climate classification according to Köppen and Geiger is Cfb . The annual average temperature is 10.9 ° C. Over a year, the rainfall adds up to 853 mm.

Beauvernois
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     67   5 -1     64   7th 0     60   12 2     61   16 5     79   20th 9     80   23 12     61   26th 14th     82   25th 14th     80   22nd 11     67   16 7th     82   10 3     70   5 0 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: climate-data.org

Toponymy

Beauvernois is mentioned for the first time in 1473 as Belvernay . The name of the place is derived from Vernos , the Celtic name for the black alder . In particular, the name Vernacum for an alder forest reveals the development towards -vernay . The place name means something like Schöne Erlenbruch . Since alders like to thrive in swampy and inaccessible areas, they were thought to have an eerie effect in the Middle Ages and were often associated with witches or mythical creatures . It can be assumed that the forest areas that still exist today were once much more extensive and that Beauvernois was actually a cleared area in a huge forest area in the near and further valley of the Brenne .

history

A castle in a hamlet called Fournus once stood on a three-meter-high moth , but it no longer existed by the middle of the 16th century. Allegedly there was a round tower surrounded by a double moat, and even earlier there was a small fortress where lance tips and other artifacts were found. A chapel was built next to this castle in the 16th century so that the faithful did not always have to go to Commenailles for the service . In the second half of the 19th century, today's church, which is dedicated to John the Baptist , was built. For a long time it was a parish of Mouthier-en-Bresse . In the late Middle Ages , the community was near the border between the Free County and the Duchy of Burgundy .

After the House of Burgundy died out in the male line in 1477, the Duchy of Burgundy went to France, but the Free County to the Burgundian Empire . The wars in the 16th and 17th centuries (the war against the Savoyard Duke Charles Emanuel I , the Thirty Years War and the War of Devolution ) brought terrible disasters to the place on the outermost border point of the Duchy of Burgundy. The whole area was largely depopulated and was only recovering very slowly. Before the wars of the 17th century, there were 50 to 60 households (around 300 inhabitants), in 1659 there were just 17 households (around 80–90 inhabitants).

The Mairie- École was built in 1880 and the school was closed in 1974. In 1980 there was still a manufacturer of sabots (wooden shoes) and in 1988 there were still 13 farms.

In 1563 the rule belonged to Claude-François de Neufchâtel and his wife, Dame Françoise von Rye, Rahon and Beauvernois . The castle no longer existed at that time, but the rulers expressly reserved the right to rebuild. Subsequently, the rule passed to Marguerite de Chabot, Duchess of Eibcouf , in 1660 it was Henri de Lorraine, Count of Harcourt and in 1680 Louis de Lorraine, Count of Armagnac . Due to frequent changes of ownership, the rule was fragmented, belonged to the Noyrot family , one of which was Lord of Beauvernois and perpetual mayor of Chalon at the beginning of the 18th century . Then the lordship belonged to the Quarré , through sale it came to the Ryard in 1721 , of whom some family members were market bailiffs of Chalon and remained lords until the revolution . The lordly rights that were upheld under Louis XVI were overwhelming for the population. The gentlemen had the tax law of the four cases (doubling of taxes and duties if * the lord set out on the crusade * the lord was knighted * ransom had to be paid for the lord * the lord's daughter married), reversal for the largest part the fiefdom, as well as the high, middle, and low jurisdiction. In addition, there was the right to confiscate , to inspect weapons, to compulsory labor , taxes for grinding grain, the use of the bakery , road tolls, interest hens, interest ... There were duties to pay for games and entertainment, taxes on swearing , single and married taxes . "The people of this area are very poor, the lords and the parishes of Mouthier own everything and a large part of the peasants have to lend themselves to the property of the lordship in order to earn the necessities of life", writes the lawyer Masuyer in 1788.

population

Number of inhabitants
(source:)

year	1793	1800	1821	1831	1841	1846	1851	1861	1872	1881	1891	1901	1911	1921	1931	1946	1962	1975	1982	1990	1999	2006	2011
Residents	313	379	391	403	456	463	426	377	394	381	338	310	302	253	244	206	171	119	97	76	82	88	99
From 1962 official figures excluding residents with a second residence

Economy and Infrastructure

A farm in Beauvernois

Number and type of establishments and shops

In addition to the Mairie and the church, there are 6 farms in the village , a construction company and a transport and logistics company:

Farms

Operating area	number	from that	from that
Agriculture	6th
Agriculture and forestry		1
Forage plants			1
Breeding and fishing companies		6th
rearing			1
Cattle breeding			3
poultry			2

Other establishments

Branch	number
Building trade	1
Transport and logistics	1

Retail stores

Type of store	number
no stores

Protected products in the community

As AOC products are in Beauvernois Comté and Morbier allowed further Volaille de Bresse and Dinde de Bresse .

Educational institutions

Beauvernois does not have its own school facilities. The children are educated in schools in the surrounding communities.

literature

• Claude Courtépée (1721–1781): Description historique et topographique du Duché de Bourgogne . tape 5 . Chez Causse, Dijon 1780 (French, Google Books ).
• Lucien Guillemaut (1842-1917): Histoire de la Bresse Louhannaise. Vol. 1, Louhans 1897.
• Lucien Guillemaut (1842–1917): Armoiries et familles nobles de la Bresse louhannaise: armoiries ouvrières, armoiries particulières et de familles . Vve L. Romand, Louhans 1909 (French, gallica ).

Web links

Commons : Beauvernois  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Beauvernois. on INSEE. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques , accessed on January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Beauvernois. in the register of communes in France. Retrieved January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Beauvernois. in the Base Mérimée . Ministère de la Culture, accessed January 18, 2015 (French). 
• Beauvernois. in Archives départementales. Saône-et-Loire department, accessed on January 21, 2016 (French). 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Beauvernois on habitants.fr. Retrieved April 23, 2015 (French). 
2. ↑ La Brenne , length 53.8 km, tributary to Bras la Seillette Aval, source at 46 ° 47 ′ 46 ″  N , 5 ° 40 ′ 6.6 ″  E in Miéry at approx. 437 m, mouth at 46 ° 44 ′ 12.8 ″  N , 5 ° 17 ′ 27.2 ″  E in Sens-sur-Seille at approx. 181 m, La Brenne on sandre.eaufrance.fr
3. ↑ La Chaux , length 12.1 km, tributary to the Brenne , source at 46 ° 46 ′ 59.9 ″  N , 5 ° 27 ′ 24.8 ″  E in Commenailles at approx. 214 m, mouth at 46 ° 51 ′ 36 ″  N , 5 ° 25 ′ 30 ″  E in Mouthier-en-Bresse at approx. 191 m, La Chaux on sandre.eaufrance.fr
4. ↑ Gaëtan Boltot: Welcome to the absurd. Le Journal de Saône-et-Loire, September 19, 2014, accessed April 24, 2015 (French). 
5. ^ Départementsstrasse D1. on routes.wikia.com. Retrieved April 16, 2015 (French). 
6. ↑ Beauvernois. (PDF) in the Dictionnaire Topographique Saône-et-Loire. Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, accessed on April 21, 2015 (French, search term: Ctrl+ FBeauvernois). 
7. ↑ Heinrich Tischner: Old-Celtic. Retrieved on April 24, 2015 (the derivation of * vern as alder also appears regularly in other sources). 
8. ↑ Joachim Schäfer: John the Baptist. from the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints. Retrieved April 25, 2015 . 
9. ↑ Population statistics on cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved September 18, 2011 (French). 
10. ^ Business in Beauvernois. Kompass.fr, accessed February 13, 2016 (French). 
11. ^ Business in Beauvernois. Nombre d'établissements par secteur d'activité et par taille en 2014 (Téléchargement). INSEE.fr, accessed on February 13, 2016 (French). 
12. ^ Business in Beauvernois. Nombre d'équipements et de services dans le domaine du commerce en 2014 (Téléchargement). INSEE.fr, accessed on February 13, 2016 (French). 
13. ↑ Comté. to INAO, L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved June 26, 2015 (French). 
14. ↑ Morbier. to INAO, L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved June 26, 2015 (French). 
15. ^ Chicken de Bresse. to INAO, L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved June 26, 2015 (French). 
16. ↑ Dinde de Bresse. to INAO, L'Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité. Retrieved June 26, 2015 (French).