Rant

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Insulting instructor in the military

In colloquial language, scolding is a common social behavior in people that is based on or pretends to be anger . In behavioral biology , “scolding” describes a form of threatening behavior . The word scold also means “to refer to something as something” and is mostly used disparagingly. For example, "Paul scolds himself a master" means that Paul calls himself a master.

An insult is a defamation ( insult appends) that someone.

Original meaning

In Middle High German rant means something like "joke, play, scoff at" (Lexer, Mittelhochdeutsches Concise Dictionary, Volume II, p. 745) and is not yet used in the derogatory way it is used today.

a vrouwe sol niht vrevelîch
schimphen, da ჳ stât vröuwelîch.
what. gast 397
“A lady must not joke in a suggestive manner; so it belongs for a ladylike behavior "

swer rant wil, so the rant that
ჳ sîn companions with in sîn frô.
racer 5501;
"If you want to joke, do it in such a way that your comrade can be happy with him".

Colloquial term

In colloquial language , the term describes a loud activity by people that occurs primarily when angry or pretends to be. Unlike with animals, scolding people is not always threatening, because it can also be directed at inanimate processes, ideas or thoughts and does not depend on the presence of other people. An angry person can scold himself even when there is no one to target. Long-winded, hard-to-interrupt ranting is also referred to as "Schimpf tirade " or "- canonade ".

Scolding can be aggressive , but it can also be a strategy of withdrawal ( Joachim Ringelnatz : And so the two fled each other with threatening speeches. )

More detailed provisions

Insulting can take on ritualized or standardized traits, depending on the culture, as in the traditional Maori dances , which are limited to symbolized insults and no longer prepare for physical confrontation (cf. joking relationship ). From European antiquity, there is a customary mutual abuse that preceded a duel , as it did between the heroes in Homer's Iliad .

Even more than it is today, in shame societies the fact of being “insulted” has the meaning of a loss of honor . Hence the formula in medieval German legal language to " chase someone out of town with disgrace and shame " .

Not infrequently, ranting goes hand in hand with the criminal offense of insulting .

People often complain threateningly, mostly before or after physical arguments or disputes . This can often be found today, e.g. B. in the preparation time before boxing matches. These insults are as Usance regarded in business and perceived as belonging to. Mutual insults are also common in modern wars (see Propaganda ). During the First Gulf War , which was a positional war, there were rantings on both sides over several weeks with loudspeakers and radios. Partisan wars are also typically associated with extensive verbal abuse. In addition to being intimidating, this behavior is also intended to encourage your allies. In World War II it was z. For example, it was common practice on the part of the Russian Allies to label ammunition that was produced in the rear with insulting lettering that could only be read by the fighting soldiers of their own army.

If the scolding is directed not at a person but at a process, an idea or a concept, it is usually without any directly challenging or threatening content. (Example: He continued to scold himself for hours. ) The person concerned is dissatisfied with his situation, and his scold then fulfills a psychological relief function.

Term in behavioral biology

In a figurative sense, scolding is also used in behavioral biology , namely as the form of threatening behavior that is associated with loud statements, especially in birds, but is not associated with combative disputes. It's purposeful, mostly against an opponent or an opposing group. The biological function of scolding is that loud demonstrations make one's own strength clear. Hate can be described as an increase in cursing .

Scolding in education

In everyday educational life, reprimand, reprimand and reprimand often turn into scolding and the use of swear words that degrade the child's dignity. All great educators agree on the strict rejection of this practice. The Pietist August Hermann Francke condemned the abuse as an unchristian act with dubious effects. Joachim Heinrich Campe called it "reprehensible" and the Berlin theologian and educator Friedrich Schleiermacher wrote briefly and succinctly: "Insult is immoral". Even so, educational practice has often looked different until recently. The pedagogical textbooks of the 20th century devoted extensive - negative - comments to this problem. Obviously the attempt was made to counter tendencies that were still widespread in everyday education.

Functions of railing

British psychologist Richard Stephens ( Keele University ) wondered why many women scream and / or curse in the delivery room. He devised the following experiment:

67 student volunteers had to hold their hands in ice-cold water for as long as possible - a common pain test. The longer the test persons endure the slowly rising pain level, the lower their sensitivity.

In a variant of the experiment, the students were allowed to utter dirty swear words that they had previously listed. Only terms that describe a table were allowed in the control round. The result was clear: those who were allowed to swear vigorously endured the procedure for almost two minutes; in the control attempt it was 75 seconds. The subjective pain sensation was also lower when swearing, and the heart rate increased. Stephens' explanation: The swearing puts the body in a state of alarm, a so-called fight-or-flight reaction. In this state, the adrenal cortex releases the stress hormone cortisol; this lowers the sensitivity to pain.

Something similar is likely to happen when screaming - for example, battle cries are common in all cultures.

If you often use strong expressions in everyday life, the effect is significantly dulled.

Phrase

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Koch : The wild child. The story of a failed dressage. Hamburg 1997, ISBN 978-3434504108 , p. 63 ff.
  2. Zeit Article

See also