Vulgar language
As vernacular is called usually a language style that inappropriate to offensive - obscene is perceived -. A single vulgar word is called vulgarism (or less commonly, vulgarity).
In linguistics , the vulgar language refers to the language spoken by the masses of the people, especially in the Middle Ages, while in educational language, a crude and common language use is often meant derogatory, which is perceived as repulsive. Occasionally, "vulgar" can also mean a widespread term that deviates from the technical terminology, such as "concussion" instead of "slight traumatic brain injury ".
Word origin
The word comes from the Latin vulgaris (for example: "(all) common", "common", "low"), a derivation of vulgus "common people; Mob ". It is practically synonymous with ordinary from the Latin ordinarius ("proper", "normal", "ordinary") and refers to the language of the "common people" since Roman times. The actual meaning can be seen in the many technical terms from the taxonomy of biology as well as the word "extraordinary" (from French "extraordinaire"), which means "extraordinary". The term “ obscene ”, on the other hand, is actually derived from “dirty” / “spoiled”.
The normal population bluntly used terms such as B. "shit" instead of "feces" / "chair" and made many statements with undisguised reference to sexual intercourse, which for the "upper class society" was a sign of inferiority. From the 19th century onwards, the normal bourgeoisie began to adopt the customs and so-called "civil behavior" of the clergy and nobility , and vulgar language became a social taboo. Some such words are now acoustically censored, especially on US television.
function
Ordinary terms and formulations are used in particular that are taboo in the more sophisticated colloquial language because they concern areas that are associated with shame and / or disgust in the respective social environment . Today these are mainly terms from fecal language - i.e. a language that uses vulgar expressions for terms related to the fecal area - as well as sexual and violence terms that are used carelessly or even demonstratively in vulgar language, while otherwise circumscribed or by more harmless-sounding metaphors would be replaced. In vulgar language, on the other hand, vulgarisms are used metaphorically even for harmless topics.
Vulgar language, especially swearing in certain situations, can have a psychological function and serve to relieve stress. In a pain tolerance experiment with a group of test subjects, it was found that the pain that the test subjects could endure was greater when they were allowed to curse than with people in a comparison group who were not allowed to. It can therefore be assumed that the use of vulgar language expressions in stressful situations contributes to stress management and that a critical, generally socially harmful perception of vulgar language is wrong.
Pedagogical perspective
As a form of offensive behavior and verbal aggression, the use of vulgar language is also an object of educational research .
In German-language parenting guides, the predominant understanding is the fascination that swear words and "swear words" have on children, the need to vent pent-up frustration and the conviction that children benefit from occasionally crossing borders.
In the English-speaking world, on the other hand, profanity (= vulgar expression), swearing and cursing (= swearing) as well as name calling (= insulting) are regarded as an expression of a lack of respect for fellow human beings and thus as a serious behavior problem for which various countermeasures are suggested in the relevant advisory literature .
Neurological-psychiatric perspective
The compulsive and non-occasional use of vulgarisms from the field of fecal language is referred to as coprolalia in psychiatry . According to Pschyrembel , such behavior occurs in obsessive-compulsive disorder , but also as a complex tic in Tourette's syndrome .
See also
literature
- Ernest Borneman : The Obscene Vocabulary of the Germans. Popularly sex . Rowohlt, Reinbek 1971; Parkland, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-8934-0036-2 .
- Hans-Martin Gauger : The damp and the dirty: Small linguistics of the vulgar language . Beck, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-62989-1 .
- Kirsten Nabrings: Linguistic varieties. Narr, Tübingen 1981, ISBN 3-87808-147-2 (= Tübingen Contributions to Linguistics , Volume 147).
- The publication deals with the index subject "Vulgar language" p. 168ff. Phenomena such as argot , gutter language, etc.
- Efu Pass. European flirt and curse union . Viaiuris, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-941211-05-6 (swear words and curses in 23 EU languages).
- Christian Luther: The vulgar language in the crime series "Tatort" . Grin, Munich 2012, ISBN 978-3-656-12009-4 (Academic Series, Volume V188262).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Vulgar language, die , duden.de, accessed on April 12, 2014
- ↑ (Neuroreport, 5 August 2009 - Volume 20 - Issue 12 - pp 1056-1060)
- ↑ Cursing children: "Mom, you fat cow!" ; Monika M. Thiel, Caroline Ewerbeck, Claudia Ochsenkühn (eds.): Stuttering in children and adolescents: building blocks of a multi-dimensional therapy , p. 141 ( online version in the Google Book Search USA )
- ↑ The age of questions
- ↑ Eva Kessler: On the art of lovingly educating: Setting sensible limits and keeping a good mood , p. 29 ( online version in Google Book Search - USA )
- ↑ Richard Lavoie, Michele Reiner, Mel Levine, Rob Reiner: It's So Much Work to Be Your Friend: Helping the Child with Learning Disabilities Find Social Success , p. 70 ( online version in Google Book Search USA ); Jane Nelsen, Lynn Lott, H. Stephen Glenn: Positive Discipline AZ: 1001 Solutions to Everyday Parenting Problems , p. 135 ( online version in the Google Book Search USA )