Antoine de Jussieu

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Antoine de Jussieu (born July 6, 1686 in Lyon , † April 12, 1758 ) was a French doctor and botanist . Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Ant.Juss. ".

Live and act

Antoine de Jussieu was a son of the Lyons pharmacist Laurent de Jussieu (1651-1718) and his wife Lucie cousin. Two of his younger brothers were the botanists Bernard and Joseph de Jussieu . Antoine de Jussieu received his first education at the Jesuit school in Lyon. He then studied medicine and botany with Pierre Magnol at the University of Montpellier . His doctorate in medicine took place on December 15, 1707. Antoine de Jussieu practiced briefly as a doctor in Trévoux before he moved to Paris in 1708 to continue his studies with Joseph Pitton de Tournefort at the Jardin du Roi . In 1710, Antoine de Jussieu was appointed to the chair of botany at the Jardin du Roi as the successor to Antoine-Tristan Danty d'Isnard . In the first years of his professorship he traveled to France, Spain and Portugal, among others with his brother Bernard. In addition to his teaching activities, he successfully practiced as a doctor.

In 1715 Antoine de Jussieu wrote the first scientific description of the coffee plant , which he had grown from seeds received from the Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam . Later he tried to promote the cultivation of coffee in various French colonies, especially on the island of Réunion . In 1718 Antoine de Jussieu was one of the first naturalists to interpret the prints found in the coal mines near Lyon as fossil remains of ferns . He recognized that the ammonites belong to the animals and wrote about the use of flint by prehistoric tribes. In 1728 Antoine de Jussieu emphasized the need for a separate class of plants for mushrooms ( Plantae fungosae ). He discovered that the non-green components of lichens are mushrooms and suggested that lichens should be classified together with mushrooms.

Antoine de Jussieu was also active as an editor. In 1714 he posthumously published Jacques Barrelier's work Plantae per Galliam, Hispaniam, et Italiam observatae . In 1719 he published the third edition of Tournefort's Institutions Rei Herbariae for which he wrote an appendix.

On August 1, 1712, the Académie des Sciences elected him to their member. At the suggestion of Hans Sloane , he was elected to the Royal Society on December 11, 1718 . He was also a foreign member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences .

Honor taxon

William Houstoun named a genus Jussieva in his honor and his brothers Joseph de Jussieu and Bernard de Jussieu . Carl von Linné , however, assigned them to Jatropha and named the genus Jussiaea of the evening primrose family (Onagraceae) after them .

Fonts (selection)

  • Description du Coryspermum Hyssopifolium, Plante d'un nouveau genre . In: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. Année 1712 . Paris 1731, pp. 185-187 In: (online) .
  • Histoire du Café . In: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. Année 1713 . Paris 1739, pp. 291-299 (online) .
  • Histoire du Kali d'Alicante . In: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. Année 1717 . Paris 1729, pp. 73-78 (online) .
  • Discours sur le progrès de la botanique au jardin royal de Paris, suivi d'une introduction à la connaissance des plantes . Paris 1718.
  • Examination des causes des Impressions des Plantes marquées sur certaines Pierres des environs de Saint-Chaumont dans le Lyonnais . In: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. Année 1718 . Paris 1749, pp. 287-297 (online) .
  • Reflexions sur plusieurs observations concernant la nature du Gyps . In: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. Année 1719 . Paris 1721, pp. 82-93 (online) .
  • Appendix . In: Joseph Pitton de Tournefort: Institutiones rei herbariae . 3rd edition, Paris 1719 (online) .
  • The Analogy between Plants and Animals, drawn from the Difference of their Sexes . In: Richard Bradley : A Philosophiocal Account of the Works of Nature . London 1721, pp. 25-32 (online) .
  • Recherches Physiques sur les Petrifications qui se trouvent en France de diverse parties de Plantes et d'Animaux étrangers . In: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. Année 1721 . Paris 1723, pp. 69-75 (online) .
  • Supplement Au Memoire intitulé Recherches Physiques sur les Petrifications qui se trouvent en France de diverse parties de Plantes et d'Animaux étrangers . In: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. Année 1721 . Paris 1723, pp. 322-324 (online) .
  • De l'origine et de la formation d'une forte de pierre figurée que l'on nomme Corne d'Ammon . In: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. Année 1722 . Paris 1724, pp. 235-243 (online) .
  • De l'origine & des usages de la pierre de foudre In: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. Année 1723 . Paris 1753, pp. 6-9 (online) .
  • Observations on quelques Ossements d'une Téte d'Hippopotame . In: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. Année 1724 . Paris 1726, pp. 209-215 (online) .
  • De la nécessité des observations à faire sur la nature des champignons; & la description de celui qui peut être nommé mushroom lichen . In: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. Année 1728 . Paris 1753, pp. 268-272 (online) .
  • De la nécessité d'établir dans la méthode nouvelle des plantes, une classe particuliere pour les FUNGUS, à laquelle doivent se rapporter non seulement les champignons, les agaries, mais encore les Lichen: à l'occasion de quoi on donne la description d ' une espece nouvelle de mushrooms qui a une vraie odeur d'ail . In: Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences. Année 1728 . Paris 1753, pp. 377-383 (online) .
  • Traité des vertus des plantes . 1st edition (online) ; 2nd edition, Paris, 1772 (online) . - Edited posthumously by Pierre L. Gandoger de Foigny.

proof

literature

  • Antoine Magnin: Prodrome d'une histoire des botanistes Lyonnais . In: Bulletin de la Société botanique de Lyon , Volume 31, 1906, p. 28 (online) .
  • Frans Antonie Stafleu : Jussieu, Antoine De . In: Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography . Volume 7, Charles Scribner's Sons, Detroit 2008, pp. 197-198 (online) .
  • Frans Antonie Stafleu, Richard Sumner Cowan: Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types . Volume 2: H-Le, 2nd edition, Utrecht 1979, ISBN 90-313-0343-7 , p. 477 (online) .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Les membres du passé dont le nom commence par J .
  2. ^ Members of the previous academies. Antoine de Jussieu. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities , accessed on April 11, 2015 .
  3. ↑ Carl von Linné: Genera Plantarum . Leiden 1742, p. 366.
  4. ^ Carl von Linné: Critica Botanica . Leiden 1737, p. 93.
  5. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . Leiden 1753, p. 388.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Jussieu, Antoine de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French botanist
DATE OF BIRTH July 6, 1686
PLACE OF BIRTH Lyon
DATE OF DEATH April 12, 1758