Arad Museum Complex
The museum complex Arad ( Romanian Complexul Muzeal Arad ) is a cultural institution of the government of the Arad county in Romania . It manages the region's cultural assets and includes the museums in Arad , Lipova , Șiria , Săvârșin , Zăbrani and Miniș . The museum complex is subordinate to the Arad district administration.
history
The first museum in Arad was founded in 1893 and commemorated the revolution of 1848/49 . The exhibition was located on the second floor of the old theater . When the Arad Palace of Culture was completed in 1913 , the exhibition moved into the new building together with the city library and the Philharmonie . A collection of archaeological and historical finds and an art collection were added to the existing collection . In the interwar period, the museum was expanded to include an ethnographic collection and the exhibition rooms dedicated to the Arad politicians Vasile Goldiș and Ștefan Cicio Pop .
After the communists came to power, the museum was restructured in line with the new ideology . In the years 1954–1955, the Department of Ancient History , the Museum of the Revolution of 1848 ( Romanian Muzeul Revoluției de la 1848 ) and the art gallery were reopened. The ethnographic exhibition was added in 1956. In the period 1958–1988 the city museum in Lipova (1958) ( Romanian Muzeul Orășenesc ), the memorial museum Ioan Slavici and Emil Montia in Șiria (1960) ( Romanian Muzeul Memorial Ioan Slavici și Emil Montia ), the memorial museum Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn ( 1970) ( Romanian Muzeul Memorial Adam Müller – Guttenbrunn ), the Art and Ethnography Museum in Săvârșin (1988) ( Romanian Muzeul de Artă și Etnografie ) and the Viticulture and Vintner's Museum (1988) in Miniș ( Romanian Muzeul Viei și Vinului ).
After 1989 the museum was freed from ideological ballast. In 1992 the Department of Natural Sciences was re-established , a year later the Department of Interwar History, and in 2004 the permanent exhibition Arad - December 1989 ( Romanian Arad - Decembrie 1989 ).
Departments
Museums in Arad Municipality
Museum of Archeology and History
The archeology and history department consists of 15 exhibition rooms and is located on the second floor of the Palace of Culture . The exhibition includes two thousand exhibits. Archaeological finds from the Neolithic Age (stones, bones, horn and ceramics) from excavations at Pecica , Sânpetru German and Sântana as well as from the Bronze Age (jewelry, clothing, accessories and toys) are on display. A laurel wreath that was found around a hundred years ago during excavations in Sântana deserves special mention.
This is followed by the exhibition rooms dedicated to the Dacian and Celtic culture. A separate room is dedicated to the Dako-Roman wars (101-102, 105-106 AD). The Roman province of Dacia (106–271) is illustrated by a map, a model of a Roman fort as well as artefacts that were found during excavations in Apulum ( Alba Iulia ), Micia , Aradul Nou , Lipova, Olari , Aquincum ( Budapest ) . A pottery kiln from Ciala – Arad, which was used for the manufacture of ceramics in the 3rd and 4th centuries, dates from the time of the Great Migration (3rd to 10th centuries) . The tomb of a Hungarian warrior from Șiclău from the 10th century testifies to the presence of the Hungarian element in the region. The area was first mentioned in the legend of St. Gerhard (1035).
Other showrooms are history during the time of the Hungarian Kingdom (1001-1540), the autonomous Transylvania (1541-1552, 1595-1599, 1601-1615), the Ottoman rule (1552-1595, 1615-1687), the province of Mihai Dedicated to Viteazul (1599–1601) and the Habsburg Monarchy (1687–1918).
Various implements and tools illustrate the development of professions in the region: a wooden plow , a dugout canoe , fishing rods , pewter and clay jugs , and the model of a water mill .
The most important political events of the time are illustrated by means of maps, graphics, documents, weapons and armor. The room is dominated by portraits of Horia , Cloşca and Crişan , the leaders of the peasant uprising (1784). The seal, the flag and the certificate of appointment of Arad as a royal free city (1834) symbolize the liberation of the city from medieval feudalism .
One of the main attractions of the exhibition is the section devoted to the revolution of 1848/49. It shows the personal belongings of the 13 generals of the Hungarian Revolutionary Army who were executed in front of the walls of the fortress on October 6, 1849 and who went down in history as the martyrs of Arad .
Two political moments of great importance in Romanian history - the unification of the Romanian principalities of Moldova and Wallachia (1859) and the achievement of independence (1877) - are represented through maps, documents, photos and weapons.
The "Vlaicu 2" model aircraft is reminiscent of the 1912 flight of the Romanian aircraft pioneer Aurel Vlaicu .
The memorandum room shows photos and documents that prove the political protest of the Romanians at the Viennese court (1892) during the emancipation movement . Objects that document the First World War up to the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy are also exhibited here.
The unification room represents the realization of the Romanian national state and underlines the important role played by the city of Arad in November 1918 in the organization of the Grand National Assembly in Alba Iulia on December 1, 1918. Flags, weapons, official documents illustrate the unification mechanism. The period 1919–1947 is represented by the economic, political and cultural development of the region in the context of the historical development of the Romanian Kingdom .
The last three exhibition rooms illustrate the events of December 1989 in Arad, which led to the overthrow of the communist regime.
Museum of Natural Sciences
The Museum of Natural Sciences is also located in the Palace of Culture. The four exhibition rooms of the Museum of Natural Sciences are very popular. In the first room, the universe is represented by suggestive collages . These represent galaxies , galaxy clusters , supernovae and our solar system. A number of rockets and spaceships show the most important phases in the development of space travel in the second half of the 20th century.
The core of the exhibition is occupied by the mineralogical and ecological collections. The most important objects in the paleontological collection, from which most of the exhibits come from the region, attempt to depict the development of life on earth.
Art museum
The Art Museum has existed since 1984 and is located on the second floor of the building at Gheorge Popa de Teiuş, No. 2-4. The permanent exhibition was reorganized in 1998. It is arranged in chronological order and includes European works of art from the 16th to the 19th centuries and Romanian works of art from the 19th and 20th centuries. European art is represented by masters from the Italian , Flemish and Dutch schools from the 16th to 18th centuries.
The 18th century is represented by engravings by Johann Elias Ridinger and paintings by Alessandro Magnasco , Lacroix Marseille and Christian Brandt . A special place is reserved for the various art movements of the 19th century. The working methods and techniques of the academies of Paris , Munich , Düsseldorf , Dresden , Vienna and Budapest are represented by works by Károly Markó , Gyula Aggházy , Sándor Liezenmeyer , Miklós Barabás , Mihály von Munkácsy and Károly Lotz .
Interiors in the styles of Rococo , Empire and Biedermeier were recreated using numerous decorative objects of the fine arts . Objects and furniture from the time of the Renaissance , the Baroque , from the time of Louis V , Louis VI. , the Régence , the Empire and the Biedermeier are exhibited according to functional criteria.
The porcelain and ceramics collection includes pieces from the 18th and 19th centuries. Including Meissen porcelain , pieces from the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory , Elbogen , Schlaggenwald and the Sévres Porcelain Manufactory , Naples , Urbino , the Wedgwood Porcelain Manufactory , the Herend Porcelain Manufactory and Cluj-Napoca .
Similar valuable pieces can be found in the collection of oriental carpets from the 18th and 19th centuries. These come from Anatolia , the Caucasus , Persia , India and Transylvania .
Museums in Arad County
Lipova City Museum
The Lipova City Museum, founded in 1952, is located in the Mișici Castle , which was built by Ion Mișici in the 19th century and renovated in 1930 by the then owner Sever Bucu. In addition to feudal art objects and a collection of old Romanian books, the museum also houses the art collections of Elena Costescu and Vasile Varga . In addition to modern Romanian painting, paintings from the Flemish, Italian, English, French and Hungarian schools as well as decorative art objects made of silver, porcelain, glass, but also pieces of furniture from different eras are on display.
Memorial Museum of Ioan Slavici and Emil Montia Gediria
The museum is housed in Bohus Fort in Șiria. The fort was built in 1838 in neoclassical style . The Hungarian Revolutionary Army signed the surrender in this building on August 13, 1849.
The museum dedicates a special place to the Romanian writer Ioan Slavici . Ioan Slavici was born in Șiria on January 18, 1848. His parents' house no longer exists today. A marble slab unveiled by the Romanian Writers' Association to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the writer's death (1950) indicates the house of Savu and Elena Slavici. The exhibition dedicated to the writer consists of four rooms in which his complex personality can be seen through photographs, manuscripts, books and newspapers.
In 1970 the permanent exhibition dedicated to the composer Emil Montia (1882–1965) , who moved to Șiria in 1906 , opened. In the park of the fort there is a statue of Antonia Bohus and the busts of Ioan Slavici, Mihai Eminescu, Ioan Russu-Șirianu, Nicolae Ștefu and Emil Montia.
Miniș Viticulture and Wine Museum
The Viticulture and Winemaking Museum, which opened in 1987 in the Ghioroc municipality , illustrates tools, installations, documents and photographs on the history of viticulture and winemaking in the Miniș Maderat wine region, one of the oldest wine regions in Romania. The museum includes archaeological finds that prove the existence of viticulture in the region since ancient times. The first written evidence comes from the 11th century. The cultivation area grew steadily. During the Turkish rule (1562) 700 hectares of wine-growing area were recorded, in 1746 the Habsburgs already recorded 2000 hectares. This area tripled in the 20th century. In 1881 the first wine school was opened. The grape varieties Cabernet Sauvignon , Merlot , Pinot Noir , Burgundy and white wines of the Riesling , Furmint , Muscat-Ottonel varieties are grown . At the International Fair in London in 1862, a red wine from Miniș received the Royal Wine Award .
Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn Memorial Museum Zăbrani
The Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn Memorial Museum was founded in 1970 and renovated in 1995. The museum includes volumes of books from the writer's work, documents, photographs, furniture and other personal items. Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn was a Banat Swabian writer, novelist and a prominent personality in Viennese theater life at the end of the 19th century. He was the founder and director of the Vienna Raimund Theater (today the State Opera). With his works he set a monument to the Banat Swabians and his hometown Guttenbrunn .
Săvârșin Ethnographic Museum
The ethnographic museum in Săvârșin houses the ethnographic collection of the teacher Iosif Dohangie . Wooden tools, household items, looms, pottery, folk costumes, chests, but also collections of paintings and graphics, as well as decorative art from the Far East are exhibited.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j museumarad.ro , Complexul Muzeal Arad
- ↑ informator.md/de , Arad Museum Complex - Section of Natural Sciences
- ↑ a b c d e aradon.ro , Muzeul de Arta Arad
- ↑ kastely.palyazatok.ro ( Memento of the original from September 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Castelul Mișici din Lipova
- ↑ a b c hoinari.ro , Muzeul Memorial Ioan Slavici si Emil Montia din Siria
- ↑ ourist-informator.info , Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn Memorial Museum
- ↑ helloromania.eu ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Muzeul de Arta si Ethnography Săvârșin
