Martyrs of Arad

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Károly Knežić , József Nagysándor , János Damjanich , Lajos Aulich , György Breitlahner , Ernő Pöltenberg , Károly Leiningen-Westerburg , Ignác Török , Károly Vécsey , Ernő Kiss , Jozsef Schweidel , Arisztid Dessewffy , Vilmos Lázár ,
The 13 Martyrs of Arad, lithography by Miklos Barabás
Execution of the Martyrs of Arad , painting by János Thorma (1870–1937)

As martyrs of Arad ( Hungarian Aradi vértanúk ) in are Hungary 13 leaders and generals of the Hungarian uprising of 1848-49 indicated that at 6. October 1849 (this day is in Hungary a national day of remembrance) in today in Romania lying city Arad executed even though they had been assured safe conduct .

background

After the Hungarians' initial successes during the Hungarian uprising of 1848/49, Russian armies under Prince Ivan Paskewitsch and Lüders intervened. In June 1849 the Russian and Austrian units united on Hungarian soil reached a combined total of over 250,000 men and thus doubled the Hungarian army .

After all the Hungarians' calls for help to other European powers were unsuccessful, the Hungarian Governor Lajos Kossuth abdicated on August 11, 1849 in favor of Artúr Görgei, who he assumed was the only general who would be able to save the nation . On August 13, Artúr Görgei capitulated in Világos to the Russians under General Rüdiger, who in turn handed over the prisoners of war to the Austrians under the imperial commander Julius von Haynau . On October 6, 1849, on the orders of Haynau, who subsequently became the governor of Hungary, thirteen Hungarian generals of the revolutionary army were executed in Arad.

The executed were:

  1. Lajos Aulich (* 1793), General and Hungarian Defense Minister; Successor to Artúr Görgei
  2. János Damjanich (* 1804), General and Commander of the Arad Fortress
  3. Arisztid Dessewffy (* 1802), major general
  4. Ernő Kiss (* 1799), Lieutenant General
  5. Károly Knezić (* 1808), major general
  6. Georg Lahner ( György Lahner , * 1795), general, mainly involved in arms production
  7. Vilmos Lázár (* 1815), Colonel
  8. Károly Leiningen-Westerburg (* 1819), General
  9. József Nagysándor (* 1804), general
  10. Ernst Pöltenberg (Ernő Poeltenberg, * 1808), General
  11. Josef Schweidel (József Schweidel, * 1796), general; Commander of Pest
  12. Ignác Török (* 1795), General
  13. Károly Vécsey (* 1807), General

Also on that day, Lajos Batthyány , the first Hungarian Prime Minister, was executed in Budapest . On October 6, 1890, the solemn unveiling of the Arad Statue of Liberty took place in memory of the martyrs of Arad.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Anatole Wacquant: The Hungarian Danube Army 1848-49 , Breslau 1900, p. 249 f.
  2. ↑ Sven Klawunder: Remembrance Day: The Martyrs of Arad - and the effects to this day | Hungary-TV.com | Travel Magazine & Latest News. Retrieved October 11, 2017 (German).