Sânpetru German

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Sânpetru German
German
Sanktpeter Németszentpéter
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Sânpetru German (Romania)
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Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Arad
Municipality : Secusigiu
Coordinates : 46 ° 7 '  N , 21 ° 3'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 6 '48 "  N , 21 ° 2' 55"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 100  m
Residents : 2,100 (2002)
Postal code : 317288
Telephone code : (+40) 02 57
License plate : AR
Structure and administration
Community type : Village
Location of Sânpetru German in the Arad district

Sânpetru German ( German Deutschsanktpeter , Hungarian Németszentpéter , Ujszentpeter ) is a village in the Romanian Banat , Arad district . Sânpetru German belongs to the Secusigiu municipality .

location

Sânpetru German is located in the south of the Arad district, south of the Marosch and is therefore part of the historical Banat region. In terms of traffic, Sânpetru German is in the immediate vicinity of the country road and the Arad - Sânnicolau Mare railway line .

Neighboring places

Peregu Mare Pecica Arad
Semlac Neighboring communities Felnac
Secusigiu Gelu Vinga

etymology

A place under the name Sancto Petrus was mentioned in documents as early as 1335. In 1421 Zenthpeter appears in the papal tithe lists. In 1716 Sankt-Peter was "depopulated, undeveloped and uncultivated", in 1718 14 houses were counted here again, and in 1728 Teutsch St. Peter was on the map of Claudius Florimund Mercy .

In 1821 the place had the official name Deutsch-Sankt-Peter , 1898 Német-Szentpéter , 1919 Sînpetru-Nemțesc . Today the official name is Sânpetru German.

Archaeological finds

No other town in the Arad district can provide evidence of such diverse finds from almost all periods, the primitive community , antiquity , migration and the Middle Ages as German St. Countless finds can be found in the archeology and history department of the Arad Museum, including flint tools that were found in the steep earth wall in the north-west of the village and have proven to be the oldest evidence of human existence from the late Paleolithic (around 80,000 years BC) west of Arad .

Probably the most important archaeological find is the Venus of German St. Peter . During excavation work, the fragment of a large prehistoric vessel came to light. The thick-walled, hand-formed fragment made of brownish-red clay belongs to the type of a spherical storage vessel. The outside of the clay fragment shows a 23 centimeter tall human figure in half relief. This figure represents a woman with a narrow body, bent legs and hands stretched sideways and bent downwards. The long neck, the pronounced head, the two breasts and the hands with the spread fingers are oversized. The find was assigned to the Neolithic and dates back to the 5th millennium BC. To date.

From the time of the Criş culture , pieces of vessels were found in German St. Peter and New Arad . From the Tisza culture , jugs, cups with two handles, axes and bracelets were found in Pecica and German St. Ornate ceramic vessels and daggers with decorations in the shape of a leaf have been found from the Coțofeni culture .

During excavations in 1948 a settlement from the Bronze Age was discovered. Ceramic strainers and bowls were found, as well as bronze axes. Many of these items are on display in the Historical Museum in Bucharest .

Objects from the Hallstatt period were found in Deutschsanktpeter and in the neighboring communities of Felnac and Munar . A bronze find from the early Iron Age consists of 16 bronze objects (rings, fibulas, saw plates). From the time 300 BC A Dacian vessel was found in Deutsch Sankt Peter. Silver coins, minted by the emperors Trajan , Hadrianus and Antoninus Pius from the 2nd century, commemorate the rule of the Romans in the Banat . Round mirrors, fibulae, jugs and iron knives of Roman origin were also found. Finds of bronze coins were found in the area of ​​Saint Peter from the time of the emperors Constantius I , Constans and Constans II , which suggests a revival of trade in this region.

From the time of the Great Migration , Sarmatian graves from the 3rd – 4th centuries were found. Century, which contained grave goods such as pearls and spinning vertebrae. The grave of an Avar rider from the 7th century , which was recovered in 1958, caused a sensation . Sword, arrowheads and a plate of a breastplate made of iron, bronze buckles and a gold earrings and a gold coin of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius were the rich gifts of the grave.

history

In 1421 King Sigismund gave the manor of Saint Peter to the Bishop of Csanád Marczalli . After changing owners, the place fell into the hands of the Turks in 1552 and belonged to the Felnaker administrative district. The Ottoman tax lists led the place with 18 houses. In 1561 Peter of Macedonia was registered as the landlord. In 1582 the place was inhabited by four Serbian shepherds. Between 1618 and 1655 Hungarian nobles were the landlords of the place. In 1717 after the Turkish Wars, the place consisted of 14 abandoned houses.

The settlement with the first German settlers took place during the Carolinian Swabian procession in the years 1721–1724. In 1764 at the time of the Theresian settlement, the village was expanded by 34 houses for German colonists from Alsace-Lorraine . In 1766 another 60 German families are said to have been settled.

During the settlement period from 1737–1742, there were disputes between the representatives of the Bezdiner monastery and the residents of St. Peter's . The Bezdiner monastery was against the settlement because it should take place on expropriated monastery property. The monastery filed a complaint with the Banat administration in Timisoara. The representatives of the monastery managed to prevent the settlement. In a letter, Empress Maria Theresa reversed the expropriation of the monastery property from 1735 and gave the monastery the terrain for "Eternal Times".

After the Banat was annexed to Romania as a result of the Treaty of Trianon , the land property of the Bezdin monastery was expropriated due to the Agrarian Reform Act and distributed to all dispossessed residents as well as to war invalids, widows and orphans of the municipality of Deutschsanktpeter, Munar and Secusigiu.

church

In 1726 a prayer house was built. Between 1729 and 1738 the prayer house was converted into a wooden church. The current church was built in 1773–74. It is dedicated to the apostles Peter and Paul .

In 1825 a clock tower was installed from Timisoara and in 1860 the church got an organ. In 1910 the three altars were purchased. The high altar is dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul, the left side altar to Our Lady and the right altar to Saint Joseph . In 1924 the church received the murals. In 1860 Anton Dangl from Arad built an organ with 12 registers.

The school

The first public school building in Deutschsanktpeter stood next to the first church since 1737. In 1774 the general school regulations for the German normal, secondary and trivial schools were introduced, which stipulated compulsory schooling for all children and the scope of the knowledge to be imparted.

When the Banat became part of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1778, the general school regulations were replaced by the "Ratio Educationis" introduced in Hungary in 1777. These school rules stipulated that the pastor also held the function of school director. At the same time, Hungarian became the language of instruction. Today's school building was erected in 1860.

After the First World War there was a German school again in Sânpetru German. From 1944 to 1948, classes were held in Romanian only. After the school reform of 1848, the German department was reintroduced.

Demographics

count nationality
year population Romanians Hungary German other
1880 2757 102 65 2561 29
1910 2619 73 470 1966 110
1966 2358 602 432 1318 6th
1977 2201 641 403 1019 138
1992 1952 1191 310 99 352
2002 2100 1793 234 41 32

See also

literature

  • Johann Becker, Leonhard Gitzing, Josef Franz Klepp and Georg Schmidt: Heimatbuch der Gemeinde Deutsch-Sankt-Peter im Banat / Romania , publisher: Heimatortsgemeinschaft Deutsch-Sankt-Peter 1991, Verlag GELKA-Druck und Verlags GmbH, ISBN 3-926198-41 -9 .
  • Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber , Walter Wolf : Das Banat und die Banater Schwaben , Volume 5: Cities and Villages, Munich 2011
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g deutschsanktpeter.de/Archäologie , Ewald Hensl: Archäologische Fundgrube Deutschsanktpeter
  3. ↑ banater-aktualitaet.de , Anton Zollner: By BEEN German villages of Banat
  4. ↑ a b deutschsanktpeter.de/Bezdin , Ewald Hensl: The Bezdiner monastery and the disputes with Deutschsanktpeter
  5. ↑ deutschsanktpeter.de/Kirchengeschichte , Ewald Hensl: Church history of Deutschsanktpeter
  6. ↑ deutschsanktpeter.de/Schule , School
  7. ↑ Varga E. Census data for Arad county 1880 - 1992 (PDF; 784 kB)

Archaeological site in Romania