Aradul Nou
Aradul Nou ( German Neu-Arad , Hungarian Újarad ) is the IVth district of the Arad municipality and, due to its location on the left bank of the Marosch, belongs to the historical Banat region . The city district was originally an independent village inhabited by the majority of Germans and was annexed to Arad in 1948.
location
Aradul Nou is on the left bank of the Marosch and is connected to Arad by two bridges. One bridge is on Drum național 69 or European route 671 Timișoara – Arad and connects the Banat with the Kreisch area . The second is a railway bridge. Neu-Arad borders the villages of Kleinsanktnikolaus , Segenthau , Saderlach and the Marosch.
etymology
As early as 1332, a place called Apachya was noted in the papal tithe lists in the area of today's Aradul Nou . In the years 1483-1485 the place was led as Praedium Apacya . In the same place, the settlement of Yeni-Varat (New Arad), mentioned in 1661 , a Turkish name based on the neighboring city of Arad. In 1717 the place was registered under the name Schela or Skela . However, the name Neu-Arad (Neo Aradiensis, Újarad, Aradul Nou, Novi Arad), already coined by the Turks , prevailed among the inhabitants .
history
In the 17th century, the settlement in the area of today's New Arad had disbanded due to depopulation. 1720–1722 began to settle the place with Germans from Franconia and Alsace-Lorraine . 1762–1742 further colonists came from Alsace-Lorraine, Württemberg and the Palatinate . The third settlement took place in 1764 when Germans came from the Black Forest , the Grand Duchy of Hesse and Württemberg. In 1918 the multi-ethnic state Austria-Hungary broke up. The Trianon Peace Treaty of June 4, 1920 divided the historic Banat region between Romania , Serbia and Hungary .
Neu-Arad was assigned to Romania and until 1948 was an independent municipality to which the villages of Kleinsanktnikolaus, Segenthau, Saderlach and Siegmundhausen belonged. In 1948 Aradul Nou was incorporated into the district capital Arad and forms its fourth district.
economy
Around 1900, 2,680 people were employed in agriculture and horticulture, 43.6 percent of the total population. The traders were represented with 21.5 percent and the craftsmen with 27.7 percent.
Agriculture
The most important branch of industry in Neu-Arad was agriculture, in particular arable farming , vegetable growing , fruit growing and viticulture . In second place came cattle breeding , above all horse breeding , horned cattle breeding , pig breeding , poultry breeding and beekeeping . The most popular horse breeds in Neu-Arad were the Nonius and Gidran breeds as well as the Oldenburger and Trakehner breeds . The long-horned Hungarian steppe cattle dominated the horned cattle until 1890 . From 1900 the Simmental Fleckvieh came from Switzerland and Germany . Pig breeding was the most profitable agricultural activity between 1920 and 1940. In 1833 the Mangalica pig came from Serbia , after 1920 the Berkshire and Yorkshire breeds were mainly bred. In addition, beekeeping was carried out in Neu-Arad; In 1944 there were 263 bee colonies and 10 beekeepers, with an average annual yield of 20-25 kg honey per colony. In 1772 every settler had to plant twelve mulberry trees, so that in 1895 there were already 886 mulberry trees in Neu-Arad , which indicate that silkworms were cultivated .
Business
The trade in Neu-Arad was already well represented immediately after the settlement, it was mainly the craftsmen necessary for the farmers: blacksmiths , wagons , shoemakers , tailors , weavers , etc. In the 19th century the journey of the New-Arad journeymen was very high popular. Also were journeymen letters and character references issued. Popular wandering stations were Lippa , Timisoara , Hatzfeld , Werschetz , Grosswardein , Szegedin , Pest and Vienna . The craftsmen were organized in guilds . The craftsmanship was confirmed by the masterpiece . In 1819 a mixed guild was established in Neu-Arad . There was a trade association as early as 1850 . The first steam mill was put into operation in 1868 and a modern roller mill in 1936 .
trade
The presence of merchants and traders is only documented from 1829. Some of them specialized in trading in hardware , wood , flour and salt . From 1812 there were 3 large markets in New Arad every year , on March 1st , June 16th and October 18th . The weekly market took place on Tuesdays.
Financial institutions
The brisk economic life brought in New Arad, 1869-1944, some banks out that New Arad Sparkasse AG, a subsidiary of the Swabian trade and commerce Bank AG, a subsidiary of First Temeschburger Savings Bank AG , the Hansabank and the People's Bank Aktiengesellschaft for New –Arad and the surrounding area .
Cultural institutions
Church life
On September 23, 1723 the cornerstone of the Catholic Church was laid. New Arad was from the beginning an independent parish and was from 1724 to 1739 of 14 Friars Minor - Padres looked after from the Arad monastery. From 1739 it was secular priests who looked after the community. On September 14, 1756, the church was solemnly consecrated by Vicar General Clemente Rossi of the Csanáder diocese . In 1812 the old church had to be demolished as a result of a fire; only eleven years later, on January 12, 1823, was today's church consecrated. In 1871 Anton Dangl built the organ; this was rebuilt in 1912 by the Wegenstein company.
School facilities
Since 1725 there was a teacher in New Arad. In 1823 the first stone school building was built. In 1838 a denominational elementary school was added. In 1853 the boys 'school was established and in 1884 a girls' school and a kindergarten were added, in which the poor school sisters of the Notre Dame Order taught. There were up to 12 school nurses who taught up to 480 students; There were up to 300 children in the kindergarten.
In 1940 the entire German school system in Romania was subordinated to the German ethnic group . The New Arad German grammar school was relocated to Arad, where the Adam Müller Guttenbrunn grammar school was founded. It was closed again in 1944.
After the Communists came to power, all German schools were closed. It was not until the School Act of August 3, 1948 that the prerequisites for native-language instruction for national minorities were created. Due to the acute shortage of teachers, a pedagogical institute was founded in 1951 in addition to Timisoara and Hermannstadt in Aradul-Nou ; However, after a few years this was converted into a lyceum , in which there was a German and a Romanian department. In 1989 the Theoretical Lyceum Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn was reopened in Neu-Arad.
Club life
The New Arad Agricultural Association was founded in 1893 as a local branch of the Southern Hungarian Agricultural Farmers Association. The association spread agricultural knowledge among farmers, established winter schools, brokered agricultural machinery and supplies for home and abroad, organized cultural events, published daily, weekly and specialist newspapers for its members: Banater Farmer (1923), Südostdeutsche Landpost (1941) . In addition, there were other associations in New Arad, such as the New Arad branch of the General Sickness and Invalid Cash Desk (1875), the New Arad Voluntary Fire Brigade (1877), the New Arad Cultural Association (1920), the Philharmonic (1920), the Neu-Arader-Rotkreuzverein (1900), the Catholic Volksverein (1909), the Neu-Arader Schützenverein (1791), the Neu-Arader Sportverein (1919), the football club Titanus (1930) etc.
Important buildings
church
The most important building of the place is the church. It was built between 1814 and 1823. There are five bells in the tower, which were solemnly consecrated in 1923. The old bells were requisitioned by the Austro-Hungarian monarchy for war purposes in October 1917 . Inside the church there are three altars, the main altar, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and two side altars, one dedicated to the crucified Savior and the other to the Holy Trinity. To the right of the main altar is the sacristy. There are 32 large and 4 small benches in the church. The brick choir is supported by two solid pillars. In 1902 the old organ from 1838 was replaced by a new one. The church has a bone particle of St. Francis Xavier . The relic was released for worship on January 7, 1772. The rectory was built as early as 1759 by order of Empress Maria Theresa .
Monastery school
The monastery school is the most imposing school building in New Arad. The one-story building takes up the entire street front. In the middle is the driveway, to the right and left of it are three high windows on the ground floor and on the upper floor. There is also a window above the entrance gate with a cross above it, which was hidden behind a panel during the communist regime. The stairwell to the first floor is on the left in the entrance. Almost at the end of the property is a wide building that used to house the kindergarten.
Parish hall
The first parish hall was built in 1870 and contained the notary's official residence. In 1909 Neu-Arad got a stately parish hall, according to the plans of the Arad architect Ludwig Szantay . The riser tower of the fire brigade, inaugurated on June 26, 1925, was in the back yard. Today the building is used as the third building of the Adam Müller Guttenbrunn Lyceum .
Monuments and statues
The war memorial in front of the church was inaugurated on June 14, 1925. It is a 7.30 meter high obelisk with a cross in relief in the upper part. In the lower part, the 158 names of the fallen from the First World War are engraved on all four sides on black marble tablets with gold letters. The monument is surrounded by a cast iron grille. Also in Neu-Arad are the statue of Johannes Nepomuk (1754), the statue of Florian, the patron saint of the fire brigade (1869), the Calvary , the cemetery chapel (1884) etc.
Personalities
- Anton Dangl (* 1810 in Neu-Arad, † 1892 in Arad), organ builder
- Franz Anton Bellinger, chairman of the Neu-Arad hometown community
- Alois Bohn (born November 16, 1879 in Neu-Arad, † January 7, 1937 in Baden near Vienna), architect
- Georg Bauer (born March 23, 1843 in Neu-Arad, † November 6, 1925 in Timișoara), Canon of the Cenad diocese
literature
- Anton Peter Petri : Heimatbuch der Marktgemeinde Neu-Arad in the Banat. Theodor Breit Verlag, Marquartstein, 1985.
- Nikolaus Bitto: Neu – Arad's story from 1332 to 1718 and from 1723 to today (1923), Arad, 1923.
- Franz Hum-Ursachi and Franz Anton Bellinger: Small local monograph of the market town of Neu-Arad , 2000.
- Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
Web links
- hog-neuarad.de , Nikolaus Bitto: History of the place from 1332 to 1718 and from 1723 to today (1923)
- hog-neuarad.de , Dr. Franz Hum-Ursachi and Franz Anton Bellinger: Small local monograph of the market town of Neu-Arad
- banater-aktualitaet.de , Anton Zollner: Through former German villages of the Banat
- aradnet.ro , Aradul Nou - Fostul cartier al nemtilor
- banaterra.eu , Neuarad (Aradul Nou)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Catholic-kirche.neuarad , Roman Catholic Church Neuarad / Romania
- ↑ edition-musik-suedost.de , Neuarad / Aradul Nou
- ↑ edition-musik-suedost.de , Franz Metz: Anton Dang (1810-1892)