Lipova (Arad)
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Lipova Lippa |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Romania
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| Historical region : | Banat | ||||
| Circle : | Arad | ||||
| Coordinates : | 46 ° 5 ' N , 21 ° 42' E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Height : | 192 m | ||||
| Area : | 134.6 km² | ||||
| Residents : | 10,313 (October 20, 2011) | ||||
| Population density : | 77 inhabitants per km² | ||||
| Postal code : | 315400 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 57 | ||||
| License plate : | AR | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2016) | |||||
| Community type : | city | ||||
| Structure : | 3 historical districts (Lipova, Radna and Șoimoș ) |
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| Mayor : | Iosif-Mircea Jichici ( PSD ) | ||||
| Postal address : | Str. Nicolae Bălcescu, no. 26 loc. Lipova, jud. Arad, RO-315 400 |
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| Others | |||||
| City Festival : | 15th of August | ||||
Lipova ( Hungarian and German Lippa , Serbo-Croatian Липова / Lipovo ) is a small town in the Arad district in western Romania .
Geographical location
The municipality of Lipova is located 34 kilometers east of the district capital Arad on both banks of the Mureș River and, in addition to the eponymous city of Lipova on the left bank of the Mureș, consists of the villages of Radna and Șoimoș on the right bank. Lipova is centrally located in Arad County with the same distance to its westernmost town Nădlac and its easternmost municipality Hălmăgel .
climate
Like the whole of the Banat , Lipova has a continental climate with cold winters and hot summers. Spring is mostly short. The annual average temperature is between 9 and 10 ° C.
history
Old coat of arms of Lipova
Maria Radna monastery church
Turkish bazaar
The first written mention of Lipova dates from 1285 under the name Leipoa , since 1314 there have been documents under the name Lipva . In 1389, the town of Lipova received its town charter under its current name. Șoimoș was first mentioned in 1278 under the name Solymos , Radna in 1440.
Documents from 1245 show that King Béla IV of Hungary had the cetatea (castle) Lipovei rebuilt on his orders . This had previously been destroyed in the years 1241 to 1242 during the attack by the Golden Horde of the Mongols ("Mongol Storm") under Batu Khan . In 1325 Karl Robert von Anjou built a minorite monastery and a Catholic church here. Under him, Lipova also became the most important economic and trade center of the Arad county and owned a salt chamber and a mint. The hospital was built between 1410 and 1420 . In 1514 the peasants of Lipova joined the peasant uprising under György Dózsa (Roman. Gheorghe Doja ). After the defeat, the Lipova fortress came to Johann Zápolya . In 1529 Lipova was promoted to a Royal Free City. In 1551 the Turks stood at the gates of Lippa and began to siege the fortress. However, the fortress could not be held by the Turks for a long time; it was recaptured by the troops of the Transylvanian Chancellor. In 1552 after the conquest of Timisoara the Turks turned against Lippa again. This time Lippa remained under Turkish rule until the end of the 16th century. In 1718 the Habsburgs raised Lippa to the seat of a county . The first settlement with 200 German families from Bavaria and Saxony took place in 1724. Also in 1764, 1780 and 1784 other German families were settled in Lipova. In 1880 Bad Lipova was declared a health resort.
population
Demographics
| census | Ethnicity | |||||||
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| year | Residents | Romanians | Hungary | German | Other | |||
| 1880 | 10,515 | 6122 | 1249 | 2735 | 409 | |||
| 1890 | 10,850 | 6232 | 1475 | 2876 | 267 | |||
| 1910 | 12,479 | 6560 | 3047 | 2625 | 247 | |||
| 1930 | 9877 | 5845 | 1489 | 2133 | 410 | |||
| 1941 | 10,939 | 7058 | 1166 | 2244 | 471 | |||
| 1977 | 11,863 | 9683 | 884 | 1042 | 254 | |||
| 1992 | 12,059 | 10,893 | 619 | 413 | 134 | |||
| 2002 | 11,236 | 10,349 | 491 | 214 | 182 | |||
| 2011 | 10,313 | 8957 | 280 | 123 | 953 (123 Roma) | |||
According to the 2002 census, the inhabitants of Lipova are divided into the following ethnic groups ( data according to the mayor's office ) : Romanians 92.1%, Magyars 4.4%, Romanian Germans 1.9%, Roma 1.0%, Slovaks 0.1%, Ukrainians 0.1% and others 0.3%.
In 2011, 20 Ukrainians, ten Slovaks, four Bulgarians and three Croatians were registered.
Religions
Most of the Romanian population belongs to the Romanian Orthodox Church . The Pentecostal movement ( Biserica Penticostală ) is becoming more and more important .
The Hungarian and German population is predominantly Catholic .
Pilgrimage
Every year on August 15th on Assumption Day , when Catholic believers from all over the world make a pilgrimage to the Maria Radna monastery church, the Radna district in particular becomes one big market.
traffic
Lipova has been connected to the Romanian railway network since 1868 via the Radna station on the Arad – Alba Iulia railway line , located in the district of the same name. From 1906 to 1991 the local railway Arad – Podgoria operated to Lipova, its terminus was in front of the state railway station. In addition, from 1911 to 1936 the Lipova tram connected the city with the Băile Lipova spa .
literature
- Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
