Periam

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Periam
Perjamosch
Perjámos
Coat of arms is missing
Help on coat of arms
Periam (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 46 ° 3 '  N , 20 ° 52'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 2 '42 "  N , 20 ° 52' 9"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 95  m
Area : 98.33  km²
Residents : 4,505 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 46 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 307315
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Mayor : Cornel Dumitraș ( PSD )
Postal address : Mureșului street, no. 1
loc. Periam, jud. Timiș, RO-307315
Website :
Location of Periam in Timiș County
Periamosch on the Josephine land survey (1769–1772)
Village plan, Periam

Periam ( German  Perjamosch , Hungarian Perjámos ) is a commune in Timiş County , in the region Banat , in south-western Romania , about 3 kilometers south of the river Mures ( Maros ).

Neighboring places

Igriș Semlac Marosch-Auen Nature Park
Sânpetru Mare Neighboring communities Vinga
Pesac Șandra Variaș

history

Settlement

As early as 1332, the place was first mentioned in the files of the Csanád cathedral chapter under the name Priamus . After the Battle of Mohács (1526) the Banat became a Turkish province in 1552. Five years later (1557) Periam was deserted and desolate. In the Turkish tax lists of 1557 and 1571 the place was led under the name Püryümesch . After the Peace of Passarowitz (1716) the Banat became the crown domain of the Habsburg Empire . Periam was settled with German colonists. The settlers of the first stage, 1724, came mainly from Alsace and Lorraine . According to the entries in the Vienna Court Chamber Archives, several families from Lorraine, Trier and Nassau-Siegen settled in Periam in 1752 . Between 1764 and 1765, 74 families from Alsace, Lorraine, the Trier area, Nassau-Siegen, Birkenfeld , Luxembourg , Bohemia and Styria settled in the village . In 1766 new families arrived in the place. After several floods, the place was moved to a hill, the Maroschterrasse, in 1761, whereby the name was retained.

Archaeological finds

Several archaeological finds (weapons, coins and jewelry) were found near Periam. Some Geto- Dacian tribes lived in this area. But objects from the Bronze Age also came to light during excavations. In 1885, brickworkers unearthed a treasure consisting of clothes clips, earrings and pearls. Another find, made in the middle of the 19th century, was between Periam and Großdorf , near the Aranka . This consists of a double-edged bronze knife and several fragments of fossilized deer antlers and was kept in the Banat National Museum in Timișoara.

Consequences of war

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Periam also belonged, fell to Romania.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. The Second World War brought flight , deportation and expropriation with it. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . Of the 56 people who were deported to the Soviet Union, 21 (37%) died. The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The Nationalization Act of June 11, 1948 provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, whereby all commercial enterprises were expropriated regardless of ethnicity.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

Family reunification began hesitantly at the end of the 1960s. In the 1970s and 1980s, the number of emigrants to Germany increased. The vacant houses were moved into by Romanians, which led to a profound demographic change in the community.

Cultural life

Sacred institutions

In 1772 the Roman Catholic Church was built in the old village . The new church was consecrated in 1856. Its wooden dome structure is the second largest of its kind in Romania. The Romanian Orthodox Church was completed in 1927 according to the plans of the architect Josef Ortner. In 1933 the Arad painter Imre Capsa painted the icons and Wilhelm Haubenricht gilded them. According to the confession, there were 5,417 Catholics , 313 non-Greek, 98 Jews and 33 Reformed in the community .

School system

The new school was built in 1820. In 1860, the Sisters of the Order of Our Lady took over the management of the girls' school in the old village . The monastery building was erected in 1877 . The kindergarten opened in 1879. In 1911 the boys' school was built, which was converted into a German school with a Romanian section in 1919. On May 15, 1928, this school was converted into a high school.

Press

In the 19th century, several newspapers appeared in Periam in German: in 1881 the Torontaler Zeitung , later renamed the Bürger-Zeitung , and in 1897 the paper Perjamosch und Umgebung , the later Torontaler Nachrichten .

economy

With the sawmills in Periam, rafting experienced a strong boom. In 1842 Periam was elevated to a market town . This gave the place the right to hold a weekly market every Monday and a fair three times a year on April 24th, June 15th and September 24th . Trade and commerce developed. On October 25, 1870, Periam was connected to the railway network and the station opened. At the same time the telegraph office was established. The connection of the place to the railway network contributed to the economic development of the place. As trade increased, two savings banks were also set up to meet the growing need for money. A steam mill was built in the early 1870s . The development of trade and industry led to the establishment of a hat factory in 1892, the first in south-eastern Europe.

In the interwar period, trade, handicrafts and small-scale industry continued to develop . In Periam there was a spinning mill , a dye works , a weaving mill , an embroidery , a building and furniture carpentry , a blueprint, a sawmill , a steam mill , a wool and angora mill, a hotel , a coffee house , a cinema , a general store and a printing house . Perjamosch developed into a commercial and trading center and in the interwar period already had 200 traders.

Residents

In 1910 there were 5,348 inhabitants in Periam, including 287 Romanians, 488 Hungarians, 4309 Germans and 264 members of other nationalities. In 2002 Periam had 4,464 inhabitants, of which 4011 were Romanians, 104 Hungarians, 150 German and 199 of other nationalities.

Personalities

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)