Biled

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Biled
Billed
Billéd
Coat of arms of Biled
Biled (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 45 ° 53 '  N , 20 ° 58'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 53 '10 "  N , 20 ° 57' 42"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 90  m
Area : 63.23  km²
Residents : 3,294 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 52 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 307060
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Mayor : Cristian David ( PSD )
Postal address : Str. Principală, no. 359
loc. Biled, jud. Timiș, RO-307060
Website :
Others
City Festival : Kerweih / Kirchweih - first Sunday after St. Michael, usually 1st October weekend

Biled (formerly: Billiet , German: Billed , Hungarian: Billéd ) is a municipality in Timiș County , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania . It has 3294 inhabitants (as of 2011).

Location of Biled in Timiș County
Biled on the Josephine land survey (1769–1772)
Place name sign south
Calvary - landmark of Biled
Catholic Church of
St. Michael
Memorial to the fallen of the two world wars
Storks all over Biled
Biled Railway Station, 2005

geography

Biled lies at an altitude of 90–93 m above sea level on the southeastern edge of the Banat Heath, which is geographically part of the Great Hungarian Plain . The place is surrounded in the east by the Jerbach and in the west by the Varyas moat. It is located on the state road Timișoara ( Temeswar ) - Sânnicolau Mare ( Großsanktnikolaus ), 28 km northwest of Timișoara. Like the whole of the Banat, Biled has a continental climate with cold winters and hot summers; spring is mostly short. The annual average temperature is 10.6 ° C. The black earth of the Bileder soil and the relatively low groundwater level determine the high fertility of the fields.

Neighboring places

Șandra Variaș Satchinez
Lenauheim Neighboring communities Hodoni
Iecea Mare Beregsau Mare Becicherecu Mic

history

Billyed was first mentioned in 1462 as the property of the Hagymas de Beregszo family . In 1765 the German settlement of the place began as part of the second Swabian procession.

In contrast to the founding of the villages in the Carolinian and early Heresian settlement periods, the village of Biled was newly built on undeveloped, non-settled pastureland. As early as 1764, the tenants of the Biled predium were instructed to lease new pastureland, as this predium was intended for settlement. The place was planned as the first of the Theresian times with 252 houses, a school and a church, and in the fall of 1765 the foundation stone was laid for the first colonist house. The construction of the place was completed around the year 1767. As soon as construction began, the first colonists, some of whom built their houses themselves, were settled. The fact that the re-establishment of the town determined the type of settlement to come on the Banat Heath was one of the direct results of the land surveying and mapping of the Banat initiated by Kempelen , which began in 1769. As a sample, the already existing place Biled was measured by square fathoms. This site plan was then attached to a draft by Kempelen, which contained the "plan for a systematic state institution of the Timisoara Banat " and was presented to Maria Theresa on February 13, 1770 by Baron Stupan. After this lecture, the Queen personally arranged that all future colonist places were to be built according to the type of place Biled "according to which comments then fully approve the plan, which has to serve as a model for all other cases".

At first, Biled still belonged to the parish of Neubeschenowa . For the year 1766 705 inhabitants are given in the register books for Biled. In the first few years of the town there was a disproportionately high number of deaths; from the laying of the foundation stone to the end of 1771, 936 people had died in Biled. In the famine year of 1770 alone, 256 people died, including 185 children. Entire families were wiped out. However, new settlers came and moved into the vacant houses. As early as 1771, 150 stragglers from the German Empire came to Biled. The birth rate was quite high; in 1772 117 births were registered in Biled. Although many Bileder moved there when Knees began to be settled by Germans in 1797, the Neugasse had to be built in 1798 because Biled had a population of 1,800. From 1830 the number of births rose to over 200 a year, with the highest number being reached in 1880 with 276 births. As a result, the population of Biled rose steadily, to reach the highest level in its history in 1889 with 5410 inhabitants - 5254 of them German. At that time almost every Danube Swabian dialect was spoken in Biled .

A few years later, emigration to America began, with well over a thousand people leaving the village between 1894 and 1914.

Biled has had a railway connection since the end of the 19th century.

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Biled also belonged, fell to Romania.

The sharp decline in the birth rate from 1900 as well as the loss of 124 fallen young men in the First World War meant that the population of Biled fell continuously. When it was recorded in March 1941, 3,652 Germans were counted. The number was further decimated by those killed and missing in World War II, as well as by residents of Biled who were captured. At the end of the Second World War, some families fled to Austria, Germany and overseas. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all men of German origin between the ages of 16–45 and women between 18–30 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The Nationalization Act of June 11, 1948 provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, whereby all commercial enterprises were expropriated regardless of ethnicity. The following units were nationalized in Biled: the mill, the brickworks, the hemp factory, the power station, the vinegar factory, the financial institutions, the cinema, the sawmill, the iron, cutlery and grocery store.

On June 18, 1951, the deportation took place in the Bărăgan steppe , according to the "plan for the evacuation of elements over a section of 25 km, the presence of which constitutes a danger for the border area with Yugoslavia". When the Bărăgan displaced people returned home in 1956, they got back the houses and farms that had been expropriated in 1945, but the land ownership was collectivized .

Up until the 1970s, about 2500 Danube Swabians lived in Biled , which made up about 56 percent of its total population. In the subsequent period, especially in the 1980s and early 1990s, however, the vast majority left the country for Germany or America.

Demographics

census Ethnicity
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Other
1880 4767 63 65 4627 12
1910 3951 105 159 3608 79
1930 3791 97 103 3431 160
1966 4684 2117 186 2243 138
1977 4512 2302 151 1918 141
2002 3515 3025 164 124 202
2011 3294 2738 122 85 349

Personalities

  • Franz Klein (1919–2008), Chairman of the Banat Swabian Landsmannschaft in Austria
  • Nikolaus Hummel (1924–2006), Bishop of the Old Catholic Church in Austria
  • Wilhelm Weber (1924–2016), local history researcher, author, teacher and librarian
  • Peter Krier (born January 22, 1935), honorary chairman of the aid organization of the Banat Swabians in Germany
  • Hans Frick (1938–2013), journalist and editor
  • Johann Mathis (born September 7, 1938), musician, lyricist and composer
  • Johann Steiner (* 1948), journalist, editor, book author

Timeline for Bileder's local history

  • 1462: The place is documented for the first time under the name Billyed
  • 1720: The predium Billied is marked on the Mercy map
  • 1765: The village is founded under the supervision of the district administrator Josef Franz Knoll ; Billiet is laid out as a German model community with 252 houses. The settlers come from the Rhineland and the Palatinate, from Hesse, from the Sauerland, from Baden and from Württemberg, from Luxemburg and from Lorraine; the first cemetery in Bahngasse is created
  • 1770/71: famine; 474 people die
  • 1775–77: construction of the church
  • 1778: The Habsburg-Lothringen family politically transfers the Temescher Banat to Hungary. Biled is now part of the Hungarian county of Torontal
  • 1800: Transfer of the camera parish of Billiet to the diocese of Agram
  • 1809: Billiet is raised to the market
  • 1833: Construction of the baroque parish church
  • 1848: During the revolution bloody battles take place in town
  • 1849: After the revolution, the Banat becomes Austrian crown land again
  • 1850: Establishment of a district office in Billiet, which includes 20 villages with 37,257 inhabitants
  • 1867: With the "equalization" within the dual monarchy, the Banat falls back to Hungary
  • 1889: Biled has the highest population in its history with 5410 inhabitants, of which 5254 are Germans (97.1 percent)
  • 1895: Construction of the Timisoara-Biled-Großsanktnikolaus railway line
  • 1900: wave of emigration to America
  • 1914–18: First World War ; Biled mourns 123 dead
  • 1918: collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Proclamation of the Banat Autonomous Republic
  • 1920: The Trianon peace treaty results in the Banat being divided into three parts: Biled falls to Romania
  • 1930: Census: 3791 people, of which 3431 Germans (90.5 percent)
  • 1943: Intergovernmental agreement on the inclusion of Romanian citizens of German nationality in the German Wehrmacht; Biled laments around 100 war dead
  • 1944: Romania changed sides; 70 families flee
  • 1945: Deportation of all German women and men of working age, 556 in number, to labor camps in the Soviet Union ; 76 people do not return. Land Reform Act; Expropriation of the Germans
  • 1951: forced evacuation of 529 people to the Bărăgan steppe; 58 people no longer return home, all others only in 1956
  • 1978: With the agreement between Germany and Romania on an increased resettlement of the German minority in the sense of family reunification, the wave of emigration begins
  • 1992: According to the census, 3458 people live in Biled, 251 of them Germans (7.3 percent)
  • 2011: According to the October 2011 census, Biled has 3,101 inhabitants, 92 of whom are Germans (2.97 percent)

See also

literature

Coat of arms of the hometown community of Billed

Web links

Commons : Biled  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de (PDF; 33.8 MB), Swantje Volkmann: The architecture of the 18th century in the Temescher Banat
  4. ^ Franz Klein: Billed - Chronicle of a Heidegemeinde in the Banat in sources and documents 1765–1980 , publisher HOG Billed, Vienna 1980
  5. ↑ kia.hu , (PDF; 982 kB) E. Varga: Statistics of the number of inhabitants by ethnic group in the Timiș district according to censuses from 1880 - 2002
  6. ↑ heimathaus-billed.de , Johann Mathis
  7. ↑ banaterra.eu ( memento from June 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Johann Steiner