Știuca

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Știuca
Ebendorf
Csukás
Știuca does not have a coat of arms
Știuca (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 45 ° 34 '  N , 21 ° 59'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 34 '17 "  N , 21 ° 58' 35"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 196  m
Residents : 1,813 (October 20, 2011)
Postal code : 307400
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Știuca, Oloşag , Zgribeşti , Dragomireşti .
Mayor : Vasile Bejera ( PNL )
Postal address : Strada Principală, no. 111,
loc. Știuca, jud. Timiș, RO-307400
Website :

Știuca ( German  Ebendorf , Hungarian Csukás , Ukrainian Штюка ) is a municipality in Timiș County , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania . The Știuca municipality includes the villages of Oloşag , Zgribeşti and Dragomireşti .

geography

Location of Știuca in Timiș County

Știuca is about 14 kilometers south-east of Lugoj , on the right bank of the Știuca brook that flows into the Temesch , and close to the border with the Caraș-Severin district . Access to the rail network is six kilometers northeast in Gavojdia on the Lugoj – Caransebeş railway line. Other neighboring communities are Sălbăgelu Nou in the east, Dragomireşti in the south-south-west, Petroasa Mare in the north-north-west, Honorici in the north-west and Oloşag in the north.

Neighboring places

Petroasa Mare Oloșag Gavojdia
Pădureni Neighboring communities Sălbăgelu Nou
Dragomireşti Brebu Zgribeşti

history

Bilingual place-name sign
Roman Catholic Church
Orthodox Church
Map of Ebendorf, 1797

After the Peace of Passarowitz on July 21, 1718, after 164 years of Turkish rule, the Banat was attached to the Habsburg Monarchy and, as the imperial crown and chamber domain, was subordinated to the Vienna government. The Habsburg colonization of the Banat began with the so-called Swabian trains . Ebendorf was founded in 1786 at the end of the third great Swabian procession. Together with Wetschehausen (today Petroasa Mare) and Kranichstätten (today Darova) the place was mostly populated with families from the German Empire . Almost a third of the settlers came from Moravia , about an eighth from Franconia , and some families from Bohemia . At the beginning of the 19th century some Czechs and Slovaks also settled.

At first the village was subordinate to the Viennese court chamber . In 1805 Baron Michael von Bruckenthal acquired half of the district. In the following century Ebendorf private was fundamentally domination of families Bruckenthal , of Josef Zeyk de Zeykfalva , and the landlord Winterberg and Bodanski . In 1894 the patronage of the landlord over the Roman Catholic parish was dissolved. The landlords demanded compensation for the property right over the residences, for which the farmers were heavily indebted in the long term.

As part of the Hungarian Magyarization measures , the place was renamed for the first time in 1867 and was henceforth called Csukás . As a result of the First World War , Romania received large parts of the Banat; since then the community has been called Știuca . An initiative to reintroduce the old German place names had previously failed.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods.

economy

The majority of the population initially occupied themselves with agriculture , and here mainly with the cultivation of grain (wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize), but also with the cultivation of sunflowers, soybeans, clover, hemp, tobacco, linen and forage plants. Vegetables were mostly grown in house gardens, potatoes also in the fields, and fruit especially in the vineyards, which took up a considerable part of the area of ​​the district.

The cattle could not be operated on a large scale because of the small Hutweide. Most of the houses had one or more dairy cows, and in some places horses, pigs and poultry. The streets and alleys leading into the village were lined with mulberry trees, which were traditionally used for raising silkworms and brought in a small additional income.

At the end of the 18th century there was a mill in Ebendorf. The farmers had their own hand grinders to grind maize, barley and oats for fodder. A grist mill was not set up until the 1930s. A schnapps distillery was also operated in the village. In 1807 Baron von Bruckenthal asked for permission to hold two annual fairs in Ebendorf. In 1810 King Franz I granted Ebendorf the privilege of a market town . In the years that followed, two annual fairs were held on April 24th and September 19th.

Around 1900, 18 craftsmen (bricklayers, carpenters, blacksmiths, wagons, shoemakers, joiners, tailors and barbers) ran their trade in the village, soon also shops such as the butcher, an innkeeper, two general goods dealers and a grocer . In the mid-1930s, the farmers' association set up a cooperative with the aim of modernizing the farms, including the use of artificial fertilizers, the joint appearance on the sales market and the joint acquisition of equipment and machines. In 1944 there were two threshing machines and 21 seed drills, 36 corn setters and 15 grass mowers in Ebendorf. In 1958 an agricultural production cooperative was founded, which the farmers joined with their fields, tools, machines and draft animals. At the end of the 1950s, the place was electrified. The establishment of a water tower and the establishment of a water supply network ensured the drinking water supply.

Church and school

Ebendorf was a mixed community consisting of Roman Catholic and Evangelical believers, each with their own church. The village thus set itself apart from its German, mainly Catholic, neighboring communities.

In 1786 a school was established in Ebendorf. The Lutherans operated their own school at times. The language of instruction was German. In 1900 the school was nationalized and all subjects were taught in Hungarian . In 1919 the Romanian language was introduced as a subject. Since the mid-1970s there has also been a Romanian department in Ebendorf with grades 5 to 8, which are attended by Ruthenian and Romanian children from the surrounding villages. In 1981 German-language classes in Ebendorf were discontinued.

Demographics

The beginning of the emigration of Germans in the 1960s mainly attracted Ruthenians from the Maramureș ; the houses did not stand empty for long. In 1990 there were 102 Ruthenian families in the village. The entrance sign is bilingual (in Romanian and Ruthenian).

total Ethnic structure
year population Romanians German Hungary Ukrainians Others
1880 2896 2028 693 140 - 35
1900 3644 2402 936 273 - 33
1930 3250 2211 972 47 5 14th
1977 1949 995 367 5 576 6th
1992 1628 658 62 7th 898 3
2002 1840 631 18th 6th 1185 -
2011 1813 618 11 9 1139 36 (5 Czechs )

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Știuca  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Notes and individual references

  1. ↑ In the spirit of the Karlsburger resolutions, the granting of equal rights and freedoms for all Romanian citizens, the idea arose to reintroduce the old German place names. An application for renaming at the Ministry of the Interior, an initiative supported by the sub-prefect Cornel Grofșorean , was first granted, but then prevented by local community notaries . The application was for Csukás (Ebendorf), Daruwar (Kranichstätten, today Darova ), Gyulatelep ( Eichenthal , today Sălbăgelu Nou), Vecsehaza (Westhausen, today Petroasa Mare ), Tyrol (Königsgnad) and Bethlenhaza in Bethausen . It was only successful in prayer houses and is still valid today by law 91 of November 15, 1931. The Romanians of Transylvania had already spoken out in favor of union with Romania in the Karlsburger Decisions ( Alba Iulia ) on December 1, 1918 ; the people's assemblies of the Transylvanian Saxons and the Banat Swabians also decided in 1919 to unite their territories with Romania. In the Karlsburg resolutions, the Romanian government guaranteed the minorities largely equal rights, but later only complied with this to a limited extent.
  1. ↑ a b 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ History of Știucas at e-primarii.ro (Romanian)
  4. ↑ kia.hu (PDF; 959 kB), E. Varga: Ethnic composition of the communities in Timiș County according to the census from 1880-2002