Satchinez

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Satchinez
Knees
Temeskenéz
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Satchinez (Romania)
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Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 45 ° 57 '  N , 21 ° 2'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 56 '36 "  N , 21 ° 2' 23"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 102  m
Area : 99.88  km²
Residents : 4,743 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 47 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 307365
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Satchinez, Hodoni , Bărăteaz
Mayor : Cheaua Florin Olimpiu (Uniunea pentru Progresul României)
Postal address : Strada a Va, no. 82
Satchinez, jud. Timiș, RO-307365
Website :
Location of Satchinez in Timiș County
Satchinez on the Josephine land survey (1769–1772)
Satchinez 2008
Roman Catholic Church

Satchinez ( German  Knees , Hungarian Temeskenéz ) is a municipality in Timiș County , in the Banat region , in south-western Romania . The villages of Hodoni and Bărăteaz belong to the municipality of Satchinez .

Geographical location

Satchinez is located in the north of the Timiș County about 25 kilometers from Timișoara and is located on the Timișoara – Periam railway line and on the DN 69 Timișoara – Arad national road, as well as on the 671 European route . The train station is called Chinezu . The neighboring communities of Satchinez are Gelu in the north, Bărăteaz, Călacea and Carani in the east, Hodoni in the southeast and Biled in the southwest.

Neighboring places

Variaș Gelu Vinga
Șandra Neighboring communities Orțișoara
Biled Becicherecu Mic Sânandrei

history

The place was first mentioned in medieval documents (1332-1337) under the name Kenez . The name of the community is of Slavic origin (Knes or Knjas ) and means something like prince, ruler. This was the head of a knesat. The Knesen were at the top of the Romanian and Serbian villages as early as the Middle Ages.

According to legend, the place name comes from the Timisoara Comes Paul Kinizsy ( Romanian Paul Chinezul ), whose hometown is said to have been here. However, this has not been scientifically proven.

Serbs lived here in the Middle Ages . In 1717, when the Turks were driven out by the Habsburgs, the place was most likely also inhabited by Serbs when a clustered village with ten houses was found. Settlement with Germans began on January 23, 1797. With the settlement of the German colonists, the planned expansion of the village began. The Hungarians called the place Temeskenéz .

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Knees also belonged, fell to Romania.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

In 1997 a bilingual place-name sign was put up at the entrance to the village, on which, in addition to the official Romanian place name Satchinez , the place name in Romanes , the language of the Roma , Ogav Chiniziticon, is written.

administration

Administratively belonged Satchinez in the Middle Ages Csanád and Timis County . After the Turks were expelled from 1717 to 1775, Knez was an imperial crown domain , directly subordinate to the Viennese court. The subordinate administrative unit was the Timisoara and the Sanktandreser district administration office. From 1775 to 1779 it was under the Temeswar District Office. From 1779 to 1849 Temeskenéz belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary , Temescher Komitat, Wingaer District. After the revolution from 1848/49 to 1867 it was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and the Temesian Banat . From 1867 to 1918 it again belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary. Satchinez has been part of Romania since 1918.

economy

The main occupation of the residents in the 19th and 20th centuries was agriculture, with the focus on grain cultivation . The cultivation of forage and industrial plants as well as fruit and viticulture followed . Knees was also known for breeding horses and cattle . In terms of craftsmen , there were carpenters, joiners, barbers, rope makers, tailors, butchers, hatters, saddlers and carpenters. Then there were the general stores and innkeepers. In Satchinez there were four horse mills , two oil presses , one water mill and one steam mill at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries . There was also a credit union at the same time . Likewise a post office .

Culture

There are three churches in the village. The oldest is the Romanian Orthodox , which was established in 1804. The Roman Catholic was built between 1822 and 1823 and the Serbian Orthodox in 1889. The Roman Catholic Church was consecrated to St. Theresa of Avila on October 15, 1823.

The Romanians and Serbs already had a trivial school in 1777 . A German denominational, Roman Catholic school in Knees was first mentioned in 1802. The first school building was erected in 1820 and the new school building with two spacious classrooms was built in 1878/79. Due to the lack of German students, it was finally closed in 1988.

The farmers' association already existed in 1899 . In addition, there was the reading club , a champion club , a Funeral club , the volunteer fire department , a church choir , a brass band and a singing club . From 1948 there was a culture home in the village, in which films were also shown.

Kneeser Ried

The Jer brook , together with its side channel, encloses the place in a horseshoe shape. These two watercourses enclose a large area with countless ponds, pools, islands and peninsulas. The Kneeser Ried is also called the Banat Delta , in which there are rare and lush vegetation and an extremely diverse bird paradise. More than half of all bird species in Romania live in the Knees reserve.

An area of ​​around 120 hectares is designated as the Satchinez bird reserve, with a further 1070 hectares as a buffer zone. The bird sanctuary at Knees has been part of the “Life Nature” program since 1999 and is financially supported by the European Union .

About 150 species of birds have been registered in the reserve, of which about 70 breed there. Among the birds that are nesting in the reserve: Little Egret , Great Egret , Purple Heron , Gray Heron , Night Heron , Squacco Heron , bittern , little bittern , white stork , cormorant , common loon , moorhen , coot , lapwing , wagtail , wild duck , Ferruginous Duck , Gray Goose , grain and Small - Rails , great bustards and songbirds such as swamp tit , bag tit , tube tit , bearded tit , various warblers and many more.

Personalities

  • Vasile Gain (born 1912), Romanian football player
  • Josef Jochum (1930–2017), actor, director and author
  • Martin Roos (* 1942), emeritus Roman Catholic Bishop of Timișoara

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Satchinez  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ^ The settlement contract ("Contract") was prepared on November 9, 1796 and sealed on January 23, 1797. The original is now in the Episcopal Archives of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Timisoara.
  4. ↑ a b knees-im-banat.de , Knees in the Banat