Teremia Mare

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Teremia Mare
Marienfeld
Máriafölde
Teremia Mare does not have a coat of arms
Teremia Mare (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 45 ° 56 '  N , 20 ° 31'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 55 '59 "  N , 20 ° 31' 27"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 85  m
Area : 83.66  km²
Residents : 4,019 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 48 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 307405
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Teremia Mare, Teremia Mică , Nerău
Mayor : Gui Cornel-Vasile
Postal address : Str. Principală, no. 559
loc. Teremia Mare, jud. Timiș, RO-307405
Website :
Location of Teremia Mare in Timiș County
Marienfeld on the Josephine land survey (1769–1772)
A carved wine barrel in the Teremia Mare Wine Museum
Teremia Mare train station

Teremia Mare ( German  Marienfeld , Hungarian Máriafölde ) is a municipality in the west of the Timiș district , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania , on the border with Serbia . The Teremia Mare municipality includes the villages of Teremia Mică (3 km northwest) and Nerău (4 km north).

location

Teremia Mare is located at Drum național 59C , through which the place is connected to Sânnicolau Mare ( Groß-Sankt-Nikolaus , 17 km north) and with Jimbolia ( Hatzfeld , 24 km east). Teremia Mare is also located on the Timișoara  - Nerău railway line .

Neighboring places

Dudeștii Vechi Sânnicolau Mare Tomnatic
Mocrine Neighboring communities Thank god
Kikinda Nakovo Comloșu Mare

history

The village was first mentioned in 1257 under the name Villa Therimthelwk . In 1717 the place appears under the name Deremia . Between 1769 and 1771, Albrechtsflor and Marienfeld, two German parishes, were created on the Teremi Prädium by Carl Samuel Neumann Edler von Buchholt , who was still a subordinate civil servant at the time . 1769–1770 the Roman Catholic Church and school were built. The German settlers came from Westphalia , Lorraine and Alsace . They were mostly winemakers . They brought the art of viticulture with them from their ancestral home . The German settlers gave the place the name Marienfeld .

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Marienfeld also belonged, fell to Romania.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The Nationalization Act of June 11, 1948 provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, whereby all commercial enterprises were expropriated regardless of ethnicity.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

economy

Teremia Mare is a wine- growing community and is known for its high-quality red wine and brandy , the Marienfelder Cognac . The wine-growing and wine-making are the main economic activities in Marienfeld. However, growing grains and vegetables are also of economic importance.

Marienfeld also became known for its healing thermal water , which is mainly used for rheumatic complaints. In Thermal also be treatments performed under medical care. The thermal bath was built after a thermal spring was found in 1972 while searching for oil .

Exhibitions and museums

There are several museums and permanent exhibitions in Teremia Mare :

  • the Marienfeld wine cellar
  • the winemaking museum
  • a painting exhibition
  • the Nichita Stănescu Museum
  • a sculpture exhibition

Residents

In 1910 Teremia Mare had 2807 inhabitants, of which 47 were Romanians , 152 Hungarians , 2575 Germans and 33 other nationalities.

In 2002 there were 2480 people in Teremia Mare, 2139 of whom were Romanians, 207 Hungarians, 58 Germans and 76 others.

In 2011, 4,019 people were registered in the Teremia Mare municipality. 3,458 of them described themselves as Romanians, 177 as Hungarians, 66 as Roma , 40 as Germans, 17 as Ukrainians , eight as Serbs , four as Bulgarians and the rest did not provide any information about their ethnic group.

Personalities

See also

literature

  • Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe Munich, Munich 2011, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
  • Elisabeth Hegel: No flowers bloom behind barbed wire , Fürth 1997, self-published

Web links

Commons : Teremia Mare  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ Swantje Volkmann : The architecture of the 18th century in the Temescher Banat. (pdf, 32 MB) Dissertation at the Philosophical-Historical Faculty of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 2001, accessed on May 25, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Population figures in the Timiș district (PDF; 634 kB)