Teremia Mica
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Teremia Mică Albrechtsflor, small term Teremi |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Romania
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| Historical region : | Banat | ||||
| Circle : | Timiș | ||||
| Municipality : | Teremia Mare | ||||
| Coordinates : | 45 ° 57 ′ N , 20 ° 30 ′ E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Height : | 84 m | ||||
| Residents : | 640 (2002) | ||||
| Postal code : | 307407 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 56 | ||||
| License plate : | TM | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2012) | |||||
| Community type : | Village | ||||
| Mayor : | Cosmin Santean ( PD-L ) | ||||
Teremia Mică (German Albrechtsflor or Kleintermin , Hungarian Teremi ) is a village in Timiș County , in the Banat , in Romania . It belongs to the municipality of Teremia Mare (German Marienfeld ).
location
Teremia Mică is located 15 km southwest of Sânnicolau Mare and 3 km south of Teremia Mare, close to the border with Serbia .
Neighboring places
| Vălcani | Dudeștii Vechi | Sânnicolau Mare |
| Mocrine |
.svg)
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Nerau |
| Kikinda | Teremia Mare | Comloșu Mare |
history
In the middle of the 15th century, Johann Töl and Kaspar Teremi were the owners of the Teremi estate, which was east of Mokrin and south of Marienfeld . From 1557 to 1558 Teremi had 23 Serbian residents. In 1717 the village belonged to the Timisoara district and had 19 houses. After that the place became more and more deserted.
After the Peace of Passarowitz on July 21, 1718, after 164 years of Turkish rule, the Banat was attached to the Habsburg Monarchy and, as the imperial crown and chamber domain, was subordinated to the Vienna government. The Habsburg colonization of the Banat began with the so-called Swabian trains . On the Mercy map of 1723 the place was entered as a prädium (pasture land). From 1769 to 1770 Carl Samuel Neumann Edler von Buchholt settled two villages in the area, Albrechtsflor and Marienfeld. Today's Teremia Mică was founded in 1770 during the Theresian colonization by the settlement of 78 German families. Originally the place was called Albrechtsflur , after Duke Albert von Sachsen-Teschen . The settlers came from Alsace , Lorraine and Westphalia . Among them were many French who were completely Germanized.
In 1782 the parish was established and in 1783 the register books were introduced. The consecration of the church took place in 1856 after the school had been built in 1848. In 1878 the district had 3254 Joch land, of which 2350 Joch fields, 582 Joch meadows, 122 Joch vineyards and 15 Joch gardens.
In 1910 the 1230 Germans made up 97.6% of the population, in 1930 the proportion of Germans with 1225 souls was 98.4%. After the two world wars, the town's population fell sharply. In 1945 Albrechtsflor only had 689 inhabitants.
On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, which also included Kleintermin, fell to the Kingdom of Romania . In the First World War, Albrechtsflor suffered 61 deaths. In their honor, the war memorial was inaugurated in 1936.
As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . In the Second World War, 29 residents lost their lives, 374 fled westwards and 148 were deported. The great wave of emigration to Germany took place in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1992 there were still 16 Germans living in the village. The proportion of the Romanian population is 95% today.
The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s . Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 in Romania , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.
Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.
Albrechtsflor was one of the villages that should fall victim to the systematization policy of Nicolae Ceaușescu , which was prevented by the Romanian Revolution in 1989 .
Residents
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Personalities
- Horst Samson (* 1954), teacher, journalist, writer, General Secretary of the International PEN in Exile - Section German-Speaking Countries
literature
- Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages. Mediengruppe Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber , Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banater Swabians, Volume 5: Cities and Villages. Munich 2011, ISBN 3-922979-63-7
- ↑ a b Heimatdorf Albrechtsflor ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Albrechtsflor , Anton Zollner: Through past German villages in the Banat
