Beba Veche

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Beba Veche
Altbeba
Óbéba
Coat of arms of Beba Veche
Beba Veche (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 46 ° 8 '  N , 20 ° 18'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 7 '45 "  N , 20 ° 17' 58"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 82  m
Area : 94.05  km²
Residents : 1,539 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 16 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 307035
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Beba Veche, Cherestur , Pordeanu
Mayor : Ioan Bohâncanu ( PSD )
Postal address :
Str.Beba Veche, No. 292 Beba Veche, jud. Timiș, RO-307035
Website :
Location of Beba Veche in Timiș County
Beba Veche on the Josephine land survey (1769–1772)
Place name sign Beba Veche
Triplex Confinium

Beba Veche ( German  Altbeba , Hungarian Óbéba ) is a municipality in Timiș County , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania . The villages of Cherestur and Pordeanu also belong to the municipality of Beba Veche .

Geographical location

Beba Veche is located in the border triangle Romania - Serbia - Hungary and is the westernmost point of Romania. The next place in Hungary Kübekháza is 800 meters away; the next Serbian town, Kanjiža , is 7 kilometers away. Immediately next to Beba Veche is the Triplex Confinium obelisk , which marks the border point of the border triangle between Romania, Serbia and Hungary.

There is also the bird sanctuary Beba Veche , which is primarily the Great Bustard provides a suitable habitat.

Neighboring places

Tiszasziget Kübekháza Deszki Tanyák
Đala Neighboring communities Cenad
Banatsko Aranđelovo Valcani Dudeștii Vechi

history

In a document dated February 9, 1247, Beba was mentioned in writing for the first time in a document. The place is much older, which has been proven by archaeological excavations and finds . In 1902, ten graves from the Bronze Age were found during excavation work , and rings and collars made of shells came to light.

In the years 1557–1558, Beba consisted of 15 houses; In 1583 three shepherds with about 1500 sheep were mentioned. During the Turkish occupation , Beba was pastureland. However, two old stone bridges in Altbeba date from this time, at the entrance and exit from the village.

After the Peace of Passarowitz on July 21, 1718, after 164 years of Turkish rule, the Banat was attached to the Habsburg Monarchy and, as the imperial crown and chamber domain, was subordinated to the Vienna government. The Habsburg colonization of the Banat began with the so-called Swabian trains . On the Mercy map from 1723, the landscape between Tisza and Mureș was shown as a predium . During the Theresian settlement period (1740-1780) around 300 families from different areas of the Habsburg monarchy settled in Altbeba. In addition, during the years of the administration of the Banat by Count Mercy, Germans came from the villages of Albrechtsflor and Marienfeld as part of internal migration . With these the first Hungarians and Romanians moved into Altbeba.

As a result of the Austro-Hungarian settlement in February 1867, the Banat came under Hungarian administration internally . A huge wave of Magyarization began, which peaked at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1781 the entire area was acquired by Count Batthiany and his brothers for 227,888 gold florins . Over time, more and more Romanians and Hungarians settled in Altbeba. The Banat Swabians were always in the minority in the village.

When the Banat was divided into three parts on June 4, 1920 as a result of the Treaty of Trianon , Beba Veche initially fell to Serbia. Only in 1923 after a border regulation between Serbia and Romania was the place annexed to Romania.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s . Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

Demographics

census Ethnic groups
year Residents Romanians Hungary German Roma Others
1880 4576 1838 2212 507 ? 19th
1910 4182 1854 1819 417 ? 92
1941 3655 1452 1721 351 ? 131
1977 2142 988 985 90 41 38
1992 1625 898 640 19th 47 21st
2002 1603 976 573 19th 30th 4th
2011 1539 951 498 20th 18th 52

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Beba Veche  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ a b c d e Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber , Walter Wolf : Das Banat und die Banater Schwaben, Volume 5: Cities and Villages, Munich 2011, ISBN 3-922979-63-7
  4. ↑ Varga E. Statistică recensăminte după limba maternă, respectiv naționalitate, jud. Timiș 1880 - 1992 (PDF; 897 kB)