Cenad

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Cenad
Tschanad
Csanád
Coat of arms of Cenad
Cenad (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 46 ° 8 '  N , 20 ° 35'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 8 '15 "  N , 20 ° 35' 12"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 84  m
Area : 84.91  km²
Residents : 4,207 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 50 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 307095
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Mayor : Nicolae Crăciun ( PNL )
Postal address : Str. Principală, no. 652
loc. Cenad, jud. Timiș, RO-307095
Website :
Location of Cenad in Timiș County
Cenad on the Josephine land survey (1769–1772)
Chad County on the Josephine land survey 1782–1785
Cenad train station

Cenad [ ˈtʃenad ] ( German  Tschanad , Hungarian Csanád , Serbian Ченад Čanad , Latin Urbs Morisena [literally Maroschburg ]) is a municipality in Timiș County , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania .

location

Cenad is located in the westernmost tip of Romania, north of Sânnicolau Mare ( Great Saint Nicholas ), close to the border with Hungary . The municipality is located between Marosch and Aranka , with the Marosch forming the natural border with Hungary. The distance to Timişoara is 80 km.

Neighboring places

Mako Apátfalva Nădlac
Beba Veche Neighboring communities Igriș
Dudeștii Vechi Sânnicolau Mare Saravale

history

Already in Roman times there was a fortress in the area of ​​today's Cenad , which was called "Urbs Morisena" or "Civitas Morisena". In 450 the Huns invaded this area under the leadership of Attila . In 1015 the Hungarian King Stephan I commissioned the Benedictine monk Gerardus de Sagredo , who came from Venice and was ordained a priest in 1004, to Christianize Hungary.

From 1000 to 1030 the Romanian voivode Achtum ruled in the Maroschburg. After Stephan's army defeated Akhtum under the general Chanad, the Maroschburg was named Chanad (Csanád). At the same time, King Stephen had the Csanád diocese set up, the first bishop of which was Gerardus de Sagredo , and the Csanád fortress became the seat of the Csanád county . When the Tatars invaded (1241) Csanád was completely destroyed. In 1701, the Serbian town of Čanad was built on the ruins of the Csanád fortress, later Groß-Csanád (Cenadul Mare).

After the Peace of Passarowitz (1718) the village was part of the Habsburg crown domain Temescher Banat . Some German families were settled between 1723 and 1726. In the years 1764–65, Baron Laffort expanded Deutsch-Tschanad by 139 houses with families from the Sauerland . A prayer house was built between 1748 and 1749, and the current Catholic church was consecrated in its place in 1869 . In 1858 the two places, the Serbian Čanad and German Tschanad, were merged to form Greater Tschanad, today's Cenad.

After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise (1867), the Banat was annexed to the Kingdom of Hungary within the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary .

At the beginning of the 20th century, the law for the Magyarization of place names (Ga. 4/1898) was applied. The official place name was Csanád . The Hungarian place names remained valid in the Kingdom of Romania until the administrative reform of 1923 when the Romanian place names were introduced.

The Treaty of Trianon on June 4, 1920 resulted in the Banat being divided into three parts , whereby Cenad fell to the Kingdom of Romania .

Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all men of German origin between the ages of 16 and 45 and women between 18 and 30 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers, as former members of the German ethnic group in Romania , deprived the rural population of their livelihood. The Nationalization Act of June 11, 1948 provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, whereby all commercial enterprises were expropriated regardless of ethnicity. On June 18, 1951, the deportation took place in the Bărăgan steppe , according to the "plan for the evacuation of elements over a section of 25 km, the presence of which constitutes a danger for the border area with Yugoslavia". When the Bărăgan displaced people returned home in 1956, they got back the houses and farms that had been expropriated in 1945, but the land ownership was collectivized .

On October 20, 2002, the border crossing Vama Cenad (Cenad– Kiszombor ) was opened.

Documented in writing

  • 100–270: Urbs Moriseumm (Maroschburg) already existed in Roman times
  • 1000–1030: the castle was the seat of the Romanian voivod Akhtum
  • 1514: the Maroschburg was occupied by Gheorghe Doja
  • 1701: Construction of the Serbian Čanad on the ruins of the Maroschburg
  • 1764: German-Tschanad
  • 1858: the two places, the Serbian Čanad and German Tschanad, were merged to form Greater Tschand

Touristic attractions

  • The Romanian Greek Orthodox Church
  • The Serbian Greek Orthodox Church
  • The Roman Catholic Church
  • The Greek Catholic Church
  • The Cenad Castle ( Morisena )
  • The Cenad Museum
  • The forest of Cenad (nature reserve)
  • The Big Island of Cenad (nature reserve)

Residents

  • In 1910 there were 7187 inhabitants in Cenad, of which 2073 were Romanians , 613 Hungarians , 2750 Germans and 1751 Serbs
  • In 2002, 4249 inhabitants lived in Cenad, of which 2990 were Romanians, 655 Hungarians, 50 Germans, 554 Serbs

Personalities

See also

literature

  • Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe Munich, Munich 2011, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
  • Panoptic al comunelor banatene din perspectiva pedologica , Dorin Țărău and Marcel Luca. Editura Marineasa, Timișoara, 2002.
  • Heimatblatt Tschanad Tschanader across space and time, 2007.
  • Gheorghe Cotoșman: Monografia Cenadului , 1935.
  • Dușan Baiski: Cenad - Studii monografice - Ediția a II-a , Artpress, Timișoara, 2015. ISBN 978-973-108-495-4 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Munich, 2011, p. 609, ISBN 3-922979-63-7
  4. ^ Gerhard Seewann : History of the Germans in Hungary , Volume 2 1860 to 2006, Herder Institute, Marburg 2012
  5. ↑ Ioan Hațegan at banaterra.eu accessed on May 25, 2014 (Romanian)