Gerhard of Csanád
Gerhard von Csanád , also Giorgio di Sagredo , Gerhard Sagredo or ung. Gellért (* around 980 in Venice or Veneto ; † September 24, 1046 in Buda ) was the first bishop of Csanád . He is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church and is the patron saint of Budapest .
Life
Childhood, study, preacher
Gerhard was born into a wealthy aristocratic family in Venice , was of Lombard origin and came from the Sagredo family . Tradition has it that he was seriously ill as a child. His parents took him to a Benedictine monastery and promised him monasticism there , should he recover. So Gerhard became a novice with the Benedictines. Gerhard studied in Bologna . After the abbot's death, he was elected abbot of the Benedictine monastery in 1012 .
His father Gerhard fell on a crusade , whereupon Giorgio named himself after him and wanted to do the same in converting the Muslims. So he set out for the Holy Land in 1015 . During this trip he met Rasia, the abbot of the recently founded Hungarian monastery of Pannonhalma , who invited him to Hungary, and Gellért accepted the invitation.
The first Christian king of Hungary, St. Stephan I was so impressed by Gerhard's sermons that he entrusted him with the education of his eight-year-old son Imre (Emmerich) . Gerhard was to remain his teacher for seven years. According to tradition, Gerhard then devoted himself another seven years to studying the scriptures and writing a Bible commentary. The Deliberatio is probably the first commentary on the Bible written in Hungary.
First bishop of the diocese of Csanád
King Stefan I gave the Maroschburg ( Urbs Morisena ) and the extensive property of Achtwin to the commander-in- chief Csanád for his bravery in the war against his arch-rival Achtwin in 1028 . From then on, the city was no longer called Maroschburg, but Csanád, as was the entire province. The name Csanád was later also used by the diocese founded here, of which St. Gérard became the shepherd. The episcopal ordination of the saint in 1030 is also the date of the establishment of the diocese of Csanád . Gerhard built the cathedral school in Csanád, headed by Walter and Henricus Teutonicus, who visited students from Bohemia, Poland and Germany. As Doctor decretorum and Magister sacrae theologiae , Gerhard was also a prolific writer.
The Bishop of Csanád played a crucial role in the conversion of the pagans in Hungary and Transylvania . On the occasion of a pagan uprising in Buda, on the Gellertberg , which is named after him today , together with the bishops Buldus and Bystrík, he was martyred on September 24, 1046. According to legend, he was brought up the hill into the Danube in a barrel that was studded with nails rolled down and drowned there.
The relics of St. Gerhard was transferred to Csanáder Cathedral in 1053 by his successor Maurus and Abbot Philip and placed in a simple, stone-carved sarcophagus that has been preserved to this day and which today forms the altar of the Roman Catholic Church. Parts of his relics came to the cathedral church in Stuhlweissenburg ( Székesfehérvár ), but also to Venice and the church of the seminary in Budapest .
Gerhard was canonized together with King Stephan in 1083 by Pope Gregory VII and is today the patron saint of Budapest and one of the patrons of Hungary .
Works
The following works are attributed to St.Gerhard:
- De laudibus BM Virginis
- Sermomum quadragesimalium
- Homiliarum de solemnitatibus totius anni
Apart from the Deliberatio , no works have survived.
literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : GERHARD Sagredo. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 2, Bautz, Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-032-8 , Sp. 216-217.
- Luigi Canetti: GERARDO di Csanád. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 53: Gelati – Ghisalberti. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1999.
- László Possonyi: Gellért , in: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Vol. 2. Munich 1976, p. 22 f.
- Koloman Juhász : The Tschanad – Timisoara diocese in the early Middle Ages (1030–1307). Münster iW 1930.
- Koloman Juhász, Adam Shift: The Diocese of Timişoara – Timisoara. Past and Present , Timişoara 1934
- Gabriel Silagi: Investigations on the 'Deliberatio supra hymnum trium puerorum of Gerhard von Csanád (= Munich contributions to Medieval and Renaissance research, 1). Munich 1967, pp. 1–13 on the person.
- Gabriel Silagi: Gerhard (ung. Gellért), St. Bishop of Csanád . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 4, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-7608-8904-2 , Sp. 1312.
- A csanádi kisseb papnevelde története . Timişoara 1925
Web links
- Publications on Gerhard von Csanád in the Opac of the Regesta Imperii
- Publications on Gerard of Csanád in the Opac der Regesta Imperii
- Saint Gerhard - a Hungarian saint is also the patron of the Danube Swabians - a contribution by the church historian Rudolf Grulich
- Gerhard Sagredo in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints
- Biographical abstract at the Gerhardinum
- cenad.ro , Siegfried Thiel: Almost 1000 years of eventful Christian history. 1030 and 1046 - two milestones for the large community of Chad
- Deliberatio supra hymnum trium puerorum - Codex unicus of the Bavarian State Library
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Koloman Juhász and Adam Shift: The Diocese of Timişoara – Timisoara. Past and Present , Timişoara 1934
- ↑ a b c St. Gerhard - a Hungarian saint is also the patron of the Danube Swabians - a contribution by the church historian Rudolf Grulich
- ↑ banaterra.eu , sarcophagus of St. Gerhard
- ^ Agoston Bárány: Torontálvármegye 'hajdana. Magyar Kir. Egyetem, Buda 1845, p. 92 ( digitized in the Google book search).
- ^ Johann Heinrich Schwicker: History of the Temeser Banat . Bettelheim, Gross-Becskerek 1861, p. 45 ( digitized in the Google book search).
predecessor | Office | successor |
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Bishop of Csanád 1030-1046 |
Maurus |
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Gerhard of Csanád |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Giorgio di Sagredo (real name); Sagredo, Gerhard; Gellért; Gerardus, Chanadiensis |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Bishop of Csanád |
DATE OF BIRTH | around 980 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Venice or Veneto |
DATE OF DEATH | September 24, 1046 |
Place of death | Buda |