Temescher Banat

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Coat of arms of the Temescher Banat (1718–1779)

The Temescher Banat ( Romanian Banatul Timișoarei , Serbian Tamiški Banat or Тамишки Банат , Hungarian Temesi Bánság ) was a crown and chamber domain of the Habsburg monarchy between 1718 and 1778 . The capital was Timisoara (Romanian. Timișoara ). In 1778 it was administratively part of the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary .

Today the area known simply as the Banat is part of western Romania , the Serbian Vojvodina and south-eastern Hungary .

Despite the title, it wasn't a bank in the traditional sense.

history

Temescher Banat - Political Situation 1718
Temescher Banat - Political Situation 1739
Temescher Banat - Political Situation 1751–1778

Although large parts of the Banat were already under the control of the troops of Eugene of Savoy before the Peace of Karlowitz , this treaty recognized the rule of the Ottoman Empire over the Timisoara fortress and the adjoining areas. Due to the War of the Spanish Succession and the uprising of Franz II. Rákóczi in Hungary, the House of Habsburg did not have sufficient military means to confront the Ottomans at the same time until the 1710s.

In the Venetian-Austrian Turkish War of 1716–1718, the Banat was finally conquered by Eugene of Savoy. After the Peace of Passarowitz in 1718, the Banat was given a special status as a crown and chamber domain, a Cameroon imperial province under its own military administration, in which all power was exercised by the emperor and his appointed authorities and officials. It was administered as an inalienable crown property and special property of the ruler, in which no spiritual or secular private authority was tolerated.

administration

The administration of the Banat was secured by the Banat Provincial Administration, a military - cameral administration. The Banat regional administration was subordinate to the Court War Council and the Court Chamber .

Military administration

The following commanding generals were deployed as military presidents of the provincial administration of the Temescher Banat :

Civil administration

In 1751 Maria Theresa of Austria introduced civil administration in the province with the capital Timisoara.

The civil presidents of the provincial administration of the Temescher Banat were:

The two most important governors of the Temescher Banat were Claudius Florimund Mercy and Franz Anton Leopold Ponz Freiherr von Engelshofen.

Fortress commanders

The commanders of the Timisoara Fortress were:

Administrative division

As can be seen from Count Mercy's Josephinian land survey , the Temescher Banat was divided into 11 administrative units, so-called "districts":

There were also two districts south of the Danube:

  • District Golubac (with 60 villages)
  • District Negotin (with 67 localities)

Each district was headed by an administrator who had his seat in the capital. There was a sub-administrator in every major town. Administrators and sub-administrators were imperial officials. Each village was presided over by a local judge (Knes) and a certain number of localities an Oberknes. The Knesen were chosen from among the people.

The Temescher Banat was dissolved in 1778 and incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary in 1779. The area was divided into three counties :

From 1849 to 1860 the voivodeship of Serbia and Temeser Banat existed .

population

The population density in the Banat was one of the lowest in Europe at that time. After the Ottoman population had left the country, only around 20,000 people remained, most of them Serbs , who were primarily obliged to secure the military border.

The Schwaben trains organized carried arrival and settlement of the nearly deserted areas Hungary , Backa , and Banat by the Austrian Emperor of the 18th Century, with predominantly ethnic German and Catholic subjects from the west and beyond the western borders of the Holy Roman Empire .

Other ethnic groups also settled in the area, such as Romanians from Wallachia and Transylvania and Serbian refugees from the Ottoman Empire as well as Serbs from other areas of the empire. As a result of the uprising of Francis II Rákóczi, Hungary was initially prohibited from settling.

In 1774 the population of the Temescher Banat consisted of:

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ zum.de , The Banat, 1718–1778, in English
  2. ↑ a b c d e Johann Heinrich Schwicker: History of the Temeser Banat, LaVergne TN USA 2010
  3. ↑ Milan Tutorov, Banatska rapsodija - istorika Zrenjanina i Banata, Novi Sad, 2001, in Serbian
  4. ↑ Miodrag Milin, Vekovima zajedno (Iz istorije srpsko-rumunskih odnosa), Temišvar, 1995, in Serbian