Negotin

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Неготин
Negotin
Неготин
Negotin Coat of Arms
Negotin (Serbia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Serbia
Okrug : boron
Opština : Negotin
Coordinates : 44 ° 14 '  N , 22 ° 32'  E Coordinates: 44 ° 13 '35 "  N , 22 ° 31' 51"  E
Height : 89  m. i. J.
Residents : 16,716 (2011)
Agglomeration : 36 879 (2011)
Telephone code : (+381) 019
Postal code : 19300, 19310
License plate : NG (until 2008: BO)
Structure and administration (as of 2012-2016)
Community type: Mittelstadt
Mayor : Milan Uruković
Postal address : 19300 Negotin, Trg Stevana Mokranjca 1
Website :

Negotin  [ nəɡɔtin ] ( Cyrillic : Неготин) is the most populous city and capital of the Opština Negotin , one of the easternmost communities in Serbia . It is the cultural center of the easternmost Serbian Okruges Bor in central Serbia . After the First and Second Serbian Uprising , the city's influence grew, and it became one of the largest cities in the east of the country. Please click to listen!Play

geography

Geographical location

Negotin is located in the Opština Negotin , one of the easternmost municipalities in Serbia , in the Okrug Bor in central Serbia . The city is located 45 meters above the Adriatic Sea , in the northern part of the Timočka Krajina region and thus at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains .

climate

Negotin has a temperate continental climate with the four seasons common for Europe .

Nature and water

The Jasenička Reka flows past the northern houses of the city. There the river is spanned by a large bridge. It flows into the Danube around 20 kilometers downstream .

structure

The city of Negotin is divided into two large settlements: the historic old town and the suburb Predgrađe Negotina, built according to the western model .

Close to towns and villages

Negotin is the most important city in the municipality and is located in its center. The most important places in the immediate vicinity are:

The Jasenička Reka
Vidrovac
8 km 		Miloševo
4 km 		Samarinovac / Radujevac
5 km / 11 km
Jasenica
7 km 		Neighboring communities Bukovče
6 km
Čubra
6 km 		Mokranje
7 km 		Kobišnica
6 km

history

The Trinity Church in Negotin
City center
Negotin at night

Name and early history

Historical sources report that the name Negotin first appeared in 1530. However, some historians believe that the city's roots are even older.

Until the beginning of the 18th century, Negotin was a small town of no strategic or cultural importance. From 1718 to 1739 Negotin was redesigned by Austrians and new houses were built. The fortified city was intended to secure the power of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy in the southeastern territories.

Serbian uprisings 1804 to 1833

After a short period of Turkish occupation, Negotin was liberated in 1804 by Hajduk Veljkos rebels in the course of the First Serbian Uprising. After that, the city grew and, as in many parts of Serbia, the government made great strides. After Napoleon had successfully conquered Austria-Hungary and large parts of Russia in 1813 , it was no longer possible for both states to support Serbia in the fight against the Turks. When the Turks attacked Negotin in 1813, Hajduk Veljko was killed by a cannonball. The Serbian fighters buried his body in an unmarked grave so that the Turks could not cut off Hajduk Veljko's head as they did with other Christians. Negotin was conquered again, this time again by the Turks .

During the Second Serbian Uprising (Drugi srpski ustanak) in 1833 only Belgrade and its surroundings were liberated.

Second half of the 19th century

Negotin continued to grow until the formal declaration of Serbia's independence in 1878.

The first school was built in 1824, followed by the grammar school in 1839. In 1876 the Serbian Orthodox Trinity Church in the city center was consecrated. At that time, Negotin residents went to European universities to study. The two most famous were Stevan Mokranjac , a well-known composer, and Đorđe Stanojević , physicist and astronomer. During this time the idea was born that Negotin should be relocated to the Danube . Although individual attempts had been made, it was found that the city was too big to move. Negotin was only four kilometers away from the Danube, so that trade across the Danube still worked reasonably well. However, the position of the city was not very favorable because it was under the water feature of the Danube and was surrounded by swamps and ponds.

In the meantime, the city of Zaječar became the new regional center as it was much closer to the city of Niš . This advantage also became apparent when the construction of the railroad began. Negotin was further north than Zaječar, but almost all roads led through the mountains. Therefore it was much easier to build to the south and Zaječar became the major transport center in this region. By the beginning of the First World War , Zaječar had overtaken Negotin in terms of size and importance.

The dynastic battles had little effect on the fate of the city. In 1903, rebel officers murdered the royal couple of Serbia, Aleksandar Obrenović and Draga Mašin . They helped bring the other Karađorđević dynasty to power. They did it in such a way that the new royal family also distanced themselves from this terrorist group.

First World War

Soldiers from the Negotin region took part in the Balkan Wars and the First World War in part. On July 28, 1914, the Kingdom of Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. After the initial success of the Serbian army in the winter of 1915/1916, the numerically smaller Serbian army was unable to defend itself against the triple army of Germany , Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria . But instead of capitulating, the Serbian royal couple decided to go into exile. Negotin was soon occupied and remained so until autumn 1918. After the end of the war, Negotin was annexed to the newly established Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs ( SHS Kingdom ), and later to Yugoslavia .

Interwar period

In the period between the two world wars, Negotin lost its importance and size. Zaječar became the new regional center. Much of it happened due to the poor environmental conditions in Negotin and its surroundings. In the 1930s, the government started an extensive irrigation project to dry up the swamps around the city and create more agricultural land for the growing population. For the industry , there were some modest investment in the region, but the city Negotin itself remained in their previous roles of the center of trade and took care of the maintenance of the old factories .

Second World War

In the first two years of the Second World War , the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was initially spared. Not much has been done to prepare for a possible attack by the Axis Powers , largely because of the unresolved national problems in the kingdom.

The kingdom fell apart when German, Hungarian, Bulgarian and Italian troops attacked Yugoslavia on April 6, 1941. Many officers and soldiers, especially from Serbia, were taken as prisoners to the concentration camps in Germany, Austria and Poland and even to Norway. Although Negotin had little to do with the fighting, some guerrilla resistance was reported as early as the summer of 1941 . Most of these "partisan" forces were captured and killed with their fighters in the summer and autumn of 1941. As with the rest of the war, there were no major battles in the region.

Negotin was liberated by Soviet and Yugoslav troops on September 12, 1944.

Residents

The 2011 census found that 16,882 people lived in the city of Negotin.

Other censuses:

1948 1953 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011
6 143 6,982 8 635 11 166 15 311 17 355 17 758 16 882

sons and daughters of the town

Others

The city has an orphanage , a kindergarten and a day care center, three elementary schools , a grammar school and two other schools, which roughly correspond to the upper level of the German-speaking area. One of these schools focuses on the technical and the other on the agricultural sector. There is also a hospital and a museum in the city.

The highlight of the cultural life in Negotin is the annual musical celebration called Mokranjčevi Dani, named after the Serbian composer Stevan Mokranjac. Other well-known people from Negotin were Hajduk Veljko (also known as Vojvoda Veljko Petrović), a Hajduk from the early 19th century, and Đorđe Stanojević, a Serbian scientist whose statue is in the center of town.

The Museum of Negotin hosts numerous archaeological remains dating back to the Romans and from the time of World War II.

literature

  • Ranka Kuić: Crveno i belo - srpsko-keltske paralele . Glas srpski, Banja Luka 2000, ISBN 86-7119-188-5 .

References and comments

  1. ↑ Information for the water lily as the crow flies
  2. ↑ Information according to Google Earth and various maps

Web links

Commons : Negotin  - collection of images, videos and audio files