Caransebeş

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Caransebeş
Karansebesch
Karansebes
Karansebeš
Caransebeş coat of arms
Caransebeș (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Caraș-Severin
Coordinates : 45 ° 25 '  N , 22 ° 13'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 25 '17 "  N , 22 ° 13' 19"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Area : 73.58  km²
Residents : 24,689 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 336 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 325400
Telephone code : (+40) 02 55
License plate : CS
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : Municipality
Structure : Caransebeş, Jupa
Mayor : Borcean Felix-Cosmin ( PNL )
Postal address : P-ța. Revoluției, no. 1
loc. Caransebeş, jud. Caraș-Severin, RO-325400
Website :
Location of Caransebeş in the Caraş-Severin district

Caransebeş ( pronunciation ? / I , German Karansebesch , Hungarian Karánsebes , Croatian Karansebeš , Serbian - Cyrillic Карансебеш ) is a town in the Caraş-Severin district in the Banat region in southwest Romania . Audio file / audio sample  

Geographical location

The place is an important railway junction with a marshalling yard on the Bucharest - Timișoara line . The city lies at the confluence of the Temesch and Sebeş rivers and is the last commune before the Țarcu Mountains . To the west it has direct contact with the Banat Mountains .

Caransebes lay on the former Austrian Banat military border and was therefore of strategic importance.

A branch of the Franciscan Sisters of Salzkotten is located in Caransebesch.

Neighboring places

Găvojdia Nădrag Oțelu Roșu
Bocșa Neighboring communities Retezat Mountains
Reșița Slatina-Timiș Aninoasa

history

View of the cathedral, 2012

Archaeological finds attest to the existence of a human settlement since the Early Stone Age (35,000-10,000 BC) in the area of ​​today's Caransebeş. In the district of Balta Sărată , excavations from the Neolithic period have been made. The finds from Dealul Mare (1100–1000 BC) date from the Bronze Age , while finds from the Hallstatt culture (4th century BC) were made from the Iron Age .

In the area of ​​the Roman fortress Tibiscum , six kilometers from Caransebeş, Dacian ceramic pieces from the 1st century AD have been excavated.

Caransebes - Josephine Land Survey

The archaeological finds are housed in the Museum of Ethnography and the Border Regiment on General-Ioan-Dragalina-Platz , in the building of the former barracks of the border guards of the Caransebes Regiment. The museum has over 48,000 exhibits, which include archaeological finds , ethnographic items , objets d'art , documents, and ancient books .

City history

The first known documentary mention comes from 1289, when King Ladislaus IV of Hungary visited the fortress. In the papal tax lists, Caransebesch was mentioned in 1332 and 1337 as an opidum (castle). In 1419 King Sigismund visited the city. Caransebesch - initially only Sebesch and united with the neighboring Karan at the beginning of the 17th century - established itself as the seat of Severin County in the 15th century . In 1552/53 the districts of Lugosch and Caransebesch paid homage to the Turkish sultan, who in turn gave them to King Sigismund, making them part of Transylvania for a long time as the Lugosch-Caransebescher Banat .

In 1658 Caransebes was occupied by the Turks and was part of the Vilayet Timisoara as the Sanjak of Lugosch-Caransebesch . From 1718 the Banat came under Austrian rule through the Peace Treaty of Passarowitz . By an imperial decree of 1762, Empress Maria Theresa set up the military units for border protection. In 1768 the Romanian - Banat Border Regiment No. 13 was established, which functioned until 1871.

In 1872 Caransebes was raised to the rank of town and in 1876 the seat of Szörény County . From 1880 it belonged to the newly established Krassó-Szörény county . After 1919 Caransebeş was temporarily the administrative seat of the Severin Raion . In 1995 Caransebeş was declared a municipality .

Withdrawal from Karánsebes

During the Russo-Austrian Turkish War , Karánsebes withdrew with losses in 1788 .

Church history

St. Gheorghe Cathedral

The Franciscan monastery was first mentioned in 1385 and existed until 1558. At the time of the introduction of the Reformation in the 16th century, the Jesuits in Caransebesch had a mission and a denominational school; their activity was revived in the first decades of the 18th century.

In 1738 a Catholic church was built in the center. The church, consecrated on October 5, 1733 by Bishop Adalbert von Falkenstein , became Charles VI in 1738 as a result of the second Turkish war . Largely destroyed and rebuilt after 1745 after a call for donations by the President of the Ponz von Engelshofen regional administration. However, this church was largely destroyed in the last conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy in 1788. The current shape of the church shows the building that was built between 1788 and 1814.

The Orthodox St. George's Church was built in 1739 and elevated to an episcopal cathedral after 1865; the second Orthodox church dates from the last decades of the 18th century.

The city's synagogue was built in 1893. Like every Banat town, Caransebes had a Jewish community (around 5% of the population), but also one of the largest Romanian-speaking Reformed communities.

After the fall of the Wall, the Baptist , Pentecostal and Adventist churches were given their own houses of worship.

Education

The beginnings of teaching in Caransebeş are closely related to the religious life of the 13th century. Romanian and Latin schools sprang up near the Orthodox churches and near the Franciscan monasteries. Around 1550 there was a Latin school in Caransebeş and a Roman Catholic school from 1560–1582. Here Stefan Herce and Efrem Zacan were schoolmasters who contributed to the translation of the “Palia de la Orăştie” (1582). In addition, there was a "grammar school" in the monastery of "Saint George", which was directed by Bishop Partenie . In the period 1658–1685 there was also a "Romanian State Grammar School" in Caransebeş ("Școala română gramaticească de stat") under the direction of Mihail Halici, father .

The Ban von Caransebeş and Lugoj Acatiu Barcsai printed the "Catehismul", the first manual with Latin letters, in 1648. Mihail Halich, father wrote "Psaltirea calvino-română" and Mihail Halici, son the "Dictionarium valachico-latinum", the first bilingual dictionary with Romanian as the main language with Latin letters.

When the Banat came under Habsburg rule in 1718, the school system in Caransebes was reorganized. In 1779 there was a "German Border Guard School". After Caransebesch joined the "Wallachian - Illyr Border Regiment" (1783), the "Trivial Border Guard School" (Romanian: "Școala grănicerească trivială"), which trained non-commissioned officers for the Banat military border, was set up. At the main company there was a secondary school with three classes in German, and at the headquarters of the regiment there was the "Officer and NCO School" with four classes in German. In 1811 the "Normal Realschule" trained NCOs.

The training of the Romanian Orthodox priests in the Banat took place in Werschetz until the half of the 19th century , but was moved in 1865 by Bishop Ioan Popasu to Caransebeş, where the "Theological Diocesan Institute" was established.

From 1873, General Trajan Doda campaigned for a high school in the Romanian language in Caransebeş, but this only succeeded in 1919 due to the resistance of the Hungarian authorities. The school got his name. In the interwar period there were three important educational institutions in Caransebeş: the "normal school", the "Traian Doda high school" and the "theological institute".

After 1948 technical schools for mechanical engineering and for the wood processing industry were founded. In 1958 the music and arts and crafts school was established. In 1993 the “Ioan Popasu Theological Seminary High School” was launched.

economy

The favorable geographical location at the crossroads of the trade routes that connect Southeastern Europe with Western Europe meant that Caransebeş developed into an important trading hub very early on. The Hungarian historian Frigyes Pesty mentioned that Caransebeş was a first-rate trading town in 1449 . As early as 1874, 21 traders and 39 craftsmen were registered in the commercial register.

In 1875 the station was built. The railway line to Timișoara was introduced in 1876 and to Orșova in 1878. The freight and passenger transport play an important economic role. The former military airfield built in 1947 was opened as a civil airport in 1979 . Its military use ended at the beginning of the 21st century.

In 1885 the first hydroelectric power plant in Europe and the second in the world was built by Schmidt and Dachler . The electric current was introduced in Caransebeş 1885-1888.

The industrial beginnings of wood processing in Caransebeş go back to 1912 when the Mundus company was founded. From this later developed the wood processing combine Balta Sărată ( Combinatul de prelucrare a lemnului Balta Sărată ). The wood processing industry and the trade in wood products (furniture, barrel, parquet and plywood factories) are of great economic importance, as are brick, brick and terracotta factories.

However, most of the population works in agriculture .

The tourism is the sector with the greatest potential for development and plays an important economic role in the region ( Muntele Mic Poiana Mărului, Tarcu Mountains ).

Demographics

The ethnic breakdown of the population in 2002 was as follows: 92.13% Romanians (26,074), 2.14% Ukrainians (608), 2.01% Roma (569), 1.87% German (530), 1.18% Hungary (336) and others 1%.

The population structure according to denominations is as follows: 87.03% belong to the Orthodox Church , 4.86% to the Roman Catholic Church , 4.18% to the Baptists , 2.24% to the Pentecostal movement and less than 1% to other religions.

Personalities

Picture gallery

  • Caransebes - old postcards

  • Caransebeş - City Hall 2007

  • Caransebeş - synagogue

  • Caransebeş - statue of Ion Dragalina

  • Caransebes - old postcard

  • View 2012

  • Statue of Traian Doda

See also

literature

  • Petru Bona: Caransebes. Contributii istorice. Caransebeş, Muzeul judetean, 1989.
  • Edgar Müller, Josef Kaden: History of the ev. Parish AB zu Caransebeş. Oravica 1937.
  • Ernő Deák: Royal Free Cities - Municipal Cities: The Urban System of the Countries of the Hungarian Crown (1780–1918)
  • Edgar Müller: Reflections on the history of my hometown. Caransebes 1975.
  • Harald Roth (Hrsg.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Transylvania (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 330). Kröner, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-520-33001-6 .
  • Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages. Mediengruppe Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich 2011, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .

Web links

Commons : Caransebeș  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ Caransebeş - municipiu din judeţul Caraş - Severin, România ( Memento of March 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) banaterra.eu.
  4. ↑ a b c Harald Roth: Handbook of historical sites. Transylvania. Alfred Kröner Publishing House. Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-520-33001-6 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e Karansebesch / Caransebeş / Karánsebes ( uni-oldenburg.de ).
  6. ↑ Swantje Volkmann : The architecture of the 18th century in the Temescher Banat. Heidelberg 2001 ( uni-heidelberg.de PDF).
  7. ↑ a b c d e f caransebes.ro ( Memento of December 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Caransebesch. Education.
  8. ↑ Caransebesch ( memento of March 17, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) alpen-info.de.
  9. ↑ Information on Constantin Diaconovici Loga at caransebes.ro ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Romanian)
  10. ↑ 7-zile.com ( Memento from January 6, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), General Dragalina