Anina
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Anina Steierdorf Stájerlakanina |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Romania
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| Historical region : | Banat | ||||
| Circle : | Caraș-Severin | ||||
| Coordinates : | 45 ° 6 ' N , 21 ° 51' E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Height : | 600 m | ||||
| Residents : | 7,485 (October 20, 2011) | ||||
| Postal code : | 325100 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 55 | ||||
| License plate : | CS | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2016) | |||||
| Community type : | city | ||||
| Structure : | Anina | ||||
| Mayor : | Gheorghe Românu ( PNL ) | ||||
| Postal address : | Str.Sfânta Varvara, no. 49 loc. Anina, jud. Caraș-Severin, RO-325100 |
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| Website : | |||||
Anina ( , German Steierdorf , Hungarian Stájerlakanina ) is a town in the Caraș-Severin district , Banat , Romania .
Geographical location
The city is located in the Banat Mountains and was an important center of coal mining in the 19th and 20th centuries. A large part of the German minority emigrated to Germany in the 1980s and 1990s . Anina is the terminus of the Oravița – Anina railway line .
etymology
The village of Steierdorf was founded in 1773 by the settlement of 34 loggers and charcoal burners, most of whom came from Styria and the Austrian Salzkammergut. The name of the place comes from the area of origin of the settlers, Styria.
The place Anina was created in 1860 as a settlement. The name goes back to the Erlental district , which emerged as an industrial area at that time. ( Alder is called Anin in Romanian .) Romanians who came from Little Wallachia settled here mainly after the First and especially after the Second World War .
In 1952, Anina was raised to town through the incorporation of Steierdorf. At the entrance to the town there are two name plates, Anina and Steierdorf. The Anina district is also called Erlental by the German population .
Neighboring places
| Ticvaniu Mare | Carașova | Slatina Timiș |
| Vršac |
.svg)
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Teregova |
| Oravița | Târnova | Bozovici |
history
The current district of Steierdorf was founded in 1773 by the settlement of 34 loggers and charcoal burners, who mainly came from Styria and the Austrian Salzkammergut. The name of the place comes from the area of origin of the settlers, Styria. The charcoal burners were brought specially to meet the charcoal needs of the huts in Oravița and Ciclova . In 1790, the charcoal burner Mathias Hammer found a piece of hard coal ; In 1792 their mining began. In 1858 the first ironworks in Steierdorf was built. As a result, the need for labor increased and more colonists were brought from Styria, Bohemia , Spiš (Slovakia), but also from villages in the Banat Heath.
In 1860 the Anina settlement was created. In 1952, Anina was raised to town through the incorporation of Steierdorf.
economy
Anina is located in the Banat Uplands and was an important center of coal mining in the 19th and 20th centuries. There was coal of excellent quality and oil shale . Steam ships, railways and the mechanical engineering industry were supplied with it. A coke oven was put into operation in 1856 and the first blast furnace in 1861 . In 1913, however, the ironworks was moved to Reșița . In the 1980s, the nearby Crivina power station was used to burn oil shale. Today the coal reserves in Anina are largely exhausted. The mine was closed in 2006 after a fatal accident. With the very clean air now, the city is trying to position itself in tourism.
Cultural life
The settlers built a hospital and a school as early as 1774. In 1787 the first church was built in Steierdorf. In its place, today's Roman Catholic Church was consecrated in Gothic style. The Protestant church in Steierdorf is just as old . The Roman Catholic Church in Anina was consecrated in 1912. The culture house was built in 1922. In 1930 the foundation stone of the Orthodox Cathedral in Anina was laid. In Steierdorf and Anina there were a number of associations : the men's choir (1869), the volunteer fire brigade (1882), the miners and ironworkers' society (1897), the consumer association (1883).
Timetable
- 1773 - the first Austrian colonists settle in the area of today's Steierdorf and form a workers' colony. They name the place after their area of origin Steirer-Dorf, later Steierdorf
- 1786 - Construction of the first Roman Catholic church and school begins
- 1790 - Mathias Hammer makes the first hard coal discovery in the Andreas Valley
- 1792 - Start of coal mining in Steierdorf
- 1846 - Steierdorf has developed into an important mining center
- 1847 - Construction of the Oravita - Steierdorf - Bozovici road
- 1851 - the first Bohemians are settled
- 1854 - the coal mine is taken over by the Austro-Hungarian State Railway Company. Construction of the iron combine
- 1858 - the Anina settlement is mentioned for the first time
- 1859 - Steierdorf is raised to the status of a municipality through the merger with Anina and Franz Hirspeck is elected first mayor. The new municipality is called Steierdorf.
- 1860 - Construction of the Steierdorf - Anina - Oravita railway line
- 1896 - Foundation of the men's choir
- 1873 - Inauguration of the Roman Catholic Church in Steierdorf
- 1882 - Anina volunteer fire brigade is founded
- 1883 - Founding of the consumer association
- 1886 - Start of construction of the drinking water pipeline
- 1893 - The Sommerfrische health resort was founded
- 1897 - Founding of the miners and ironworkers' society
- 1901 - Establishment of the Roman Catholic Church in Anina
- 1923 - Construction of the Anina Hospital begins
- 1914 - Introduction of electrification
- 1922 - Construction of the cultural center
- 1930 - Laying of the foundation stone of the Orthodox Cathedral in Anina
- 1945 - Deportation of the members of the German minority of working age for forced labor in the Soviet Union
- 1950 - Romania's first underground health center is built in Anina
- 1952 - Anina is promoted to town through the incorporation of Steierdorf
- 1990 - Foundation of the Democratic Forum of Germans in Steierdorf
sons and daughters of the town
- Franz Rosenberger (1895–1967), Romanian-German composer and military musician
- Geza Slovig (1897–1944), Romanian-German church musician, music teacher and composer
- Wilhelm Slovig (1891–1960), Romanian-German mining engineer, local researcher
- Ion Timofte (* 1967), Romanian football player
See also
literature
- Florin Lataretu: Steierdorf-Anina. In: Landsmannschaft der Banater Schwaben e. V .: towns and villages. Contributions to the settlement history of the Germans in the Banat (The Banat and the Banat Swabians Volume 5). Landsmannschaft der Banater Schwaben e. V., Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-922979-63-0 , pp. 573-578.
- Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
- ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
- ↑ a b banater-berglanddeutsche.de ( Memento from November 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Steierdorf. Place name
Anina | Băile Herculane | Bocșa | Caransebeş | Moldova Nouă | Oravița | Oțelu Roșu | Reșița