Trajan Doda
Trajan (Traian) Doda (born July 15, 1822 in Prilipeț , Caraş-Severin County , † July 16, 1895 in Caransebeş ) was an Austrian general , member of the Hungarian Diet and an important figure in the Banat of the 19th century of Romanian descent.
biography
Trajan came from a rural border guards family (his father Traian was an administrative sergeant in the Wallachian-Illyrian border regiment, also successfully ran a silkworm farm) and attended school in Prilipeț, Mehadia and Caransebeş. Because of his special talent he was accepted at the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt .
The officer
As early as 1842 Doda joined the Banat Romanen border regiment No. 13 as a lieutenant in the border administration and headed the mathematics school in Caransebeş for three years. In 1848 he was still a first lieutenant in the siege of Venice, where he carried out a successful prank on outposts in Cava Zuccherina , in which he and 40 men on November 6th removed an enemy healing from 40 to 50 opponents in Cavallino and chased a ship away from her . He immediately became captain . During the Hungarian uprising he was badly wounded in a battle near Reschitza . In January 1849 he served as a general staff officer in the corps of Lieutenant Field Marshal Joseph von Gläser . At the meeting near Arad on February 8th of that year, driven by necessity, regardless of the related ban, he directed four rocket guns over the frozen Marosch , which pushed the enemy back and liberated several encircled detachments of the 2nd Battalion Leiningen. Later he led supply columns and two metal 24-pound cannons to Arad three times with insight and luck . For his determined and insightful behavior on this occasion, he was awarded the highest satisfaction and the Military Merit Cross (KD.) . He also developed successful plans as a general staff officer under Eduard Graf von Clam-Gallas during the occupation of Transylvania and participated in the battles at Illyefalva on July 23 and at Bükszád on August 1.
On December 1, 1857, he advanced to major in the Warasdin St. George Border Regiment No. 6. In this rank he was transferred to the Quartermaster General in April 1858. He was then from October 1, 1859 to September 1, 1860 chief of staff at the 8th Army Command, where he was promoted to lieutenant colonel on August 18, 1860 and shortly after to chief of staff of the quartermaster general. In 1864 he was appointed Colonel with the division to Border Infantry Regiment No. 2 and took over the business of the commander in Venice . On November 20, 1866 he became Chief of Staff of the General Command at Agram .
The officer was then Colonel Brigadier of the 13th, then from October 1869 the 22nd Division.
Doda advanced to major general on April 30, 1870 (rank of May 11 of the year), became commander of the 1st Infantry Brigade of the 12th Infantry Troop Division in Krakow and retired on November 1, 1872.
The politician
After leaving the army, Doda, who spoke six languages fluently, was president of the Border Regiments' Assets Management Community, which played a large and important political and social role in the life of the Romanians in Banat.
As early as 1873, the general campaigned for a Romanian-language lyceum in Caransebeş, which was not achieved until 1919 due to resistance from the Hungarian authorities. This grammar school bears his name in his honor.
The general a. D. was first elected unanimously in Caransebeş to the Hungarian Diet in Budapest on January 10, 1874 , then five more times until 1887 and was at the forefront of the struggle for equal rights for Romanians in Transylvania and Banat . For this he was often condemned, insulted and ridiculed by the Hungarian side.
For example, the municipality of Kornyareva in Krassó-Szörény county , which is predominantly inhabited by Hungarians, wanted to elect the emperor as their candidate for a member of parliament because Trajan Doda had done nothing for them and they no longer wanted to hear from him. The hatred of Doda, who was fighting for equality in Romania, culminated in October 1875. So it came to a scandal during one in Caransebeş on the occasion of his re-election as deputy. The angry nationalists, dubbed by the newspaper "Hons" (self-proclaimed defenders), let their anger run free. Among other things, she pathetically urged the public prosecutor to fulfill his duty against the culprit under wild insults. The newspaper editors stated that if the public prosecutor were to intervene against the unpopular general, he would be brought before a Hungarian jury and convicted by this unquestionably. So he would appear as a traitor to his Hungarian king and at the same time as a patriot to his emperor and supreme warlord and to the entire empire. Furthermore, it was established that such possibilities should not even appear conceivable in an orderly empire.
In fact, he was charged with an election speech of October 14, 1887, in which he had called for the freedom and self-determination of the Romanian population, among other things as a result of the closure of secondary Romanian schools by the Hungarian administration, on September 17, 1888 in Arad and in absentia ( As a precaution, Doda was in Vienna ) sentenced by a Magyar court to two years in prison and a fine of 2,000 kroner. However, Emperor Franz Joseph I overturned the judgment. Soon after, Doda suffered a stroke and could no longer be politically active.
Thousands of Romanians flocked to his funeral for the funeral services and the Bishop of Caransebeş, Nicolae Popea, personally celebrated the high mass.
The following inscription was affixed to his tombstone in the municipal cemetery: "Dreptatea ţi-a fost deviza, luptând pentru ea te-ai stins." ("Justice was your motto, fighting for it is extinguished.")
Works
In addition to several papers on political theory, he wrote "Dreptatatea" ("Justice"), in which he described the situation of the Romanians in the Banat and Transylvania and dealt with it.
Individual evidence
- ^ Economic News and Negotiations, Volume 1, JG Calve'sche Buchhandlung, Prague 1828, p. 643
- ↑ a b c Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 1, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Th. Jg. Leitner von Leitnertreu: “History of the Wiener Neustädter Military Academy”, Volume 2, printed and published by Römer & Kamner, Kronstadt 1853, p. 342
- ↑ Militär-Zeitung No. 96, of Wednesday, December 2, 1857, p. 767
- ↑ Agramer Zeitung No. 86, from Friday, April 16, 1858, p. 1
- ^ [1] kuk Army
- ↑ Militär-Zeitung No. 67, from Wednesday, August 22, 1860, p. 535
- ↑ K. k. Army Ordinance Sheet No. 2, KK Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1864
- ↑ Neue Freie Presse No. 799, from Monday, November 19, 1866, p. 3
- ↑ Military newspaper No. 92, of Wednesday, November 21, 1866, p. 785
- ↑ Military newspaper No. 87, of Saturday, October 30, 1869, p. 726
- ^ Antonio Schmidt-Brentano: The kk or kuk Generalität 1816–1918, Austrian State Archives, 1907, p. 36
- ^ A b “Transilvania”, Foaia Asociațiunei Transilvane pentru Literatura Română și Cultura Poporului Român, N-rul 8, Sibiu, August 15, 1895, Anul XXVI, no. 271–1895
- ↑ http://www.caransebes.ro/invatamant/invatamant_de.htm ( Memento from December 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 1, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Leitmeritzer Zeitung No. 15, from Saturday, February 20, 1875, p. 124
- ↑ Austro-Hungarian military newspaper "Vedette" No. 41, October 10, 1875, p. 485
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from October 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Istoria creștinismului (MCCCXXX): Nicolae Popea, episcopul Caransebeșului , in “Lumina” of October 1, 2009, by Prof. Cezar Țăbârnă
literature
- Liviu Groza: "Oameni de seamă din granița Bănățeană - generalul Traian Doda", Editura Dacia Europa Nova, Lugoj 2000
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Doda, Trajan |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Doda, Traian; Doda, Trajan (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austro-Hungarian major general, politician and author |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 15, 1822 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Prilipeț , Caraș-Severin County |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 16, 1895 |
| Place of death | Caransebeş |