Sânpetru Mare

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Sânpetru Mare
Great Saint Peter
Nagyszentpéter
Veliki Sempetar
Sânpetru Mare does not have a coat of arms
Sânpetru Mare (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 46 ° 3 '  N , 20 ° 49'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 2 '44 "  N , 20 ° 48' 59"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 95  m
Area : 108.53  km²
Residents : 3,145 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 29 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 307385
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Sânpetru Mare, Igriș
Mayor : Viorel Popovici ( PSD )
Postal address : Str. Principală, no. 1,
loc. Sânpetru Mare, jud. Timiș, RO-307385
Website :
Location of Sânpetru Mare in Timiș County
Sânpetru Mare on the Josephine land survey (1769–1772)

Sânpetru Mare [ sɨn'petru 'mare ] ( German : Großsanktpeter also Ratzsanktpeter , Hungarian : Nagyszentpéter , Serbian : Veliki Sempetar ) is a municipality in Timiș County , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania .

location

Sânpetru Mare is located in the northwest of Timiș County, on the border with Arad County . The Aranka flows through the place. Sânpetru Mare is crossed by the DJ 682 county road, which connects Sânnicolau Mare - Timișoara . The municipality is also located on the Timișoara – Valcani railway line .

Neighboring places

Sânnicolau Mare Borotvástelep Nădlac
Dudeștii Vechi Neighboring communities Saravale
Nerau Tomnatic Pesac

history

The place was first mentioned in 1333 in the papal tax lists under the name Sancto Petro . In the course of time the place had different names, depending on the respective administration.

In 1421 King Sigismund of Hungary gave Centpeter to the family of Dózsa Marczalli , bishop of the Csanád diocese .

In 1464 the Hungarian colonization of the region began. In 1514 the inhabitants of Zentpeter took part in the peasant uprising under the leader György Dózsa . After the Peace of Passarowitz (1718) the Austrian colonization began. In 1748 "Ratz St. Peter" was settled with Germans.

Until 1861, Serbs and Germans formed a single political community. In that year, the residents of the new settlement broke away and formed an independent community, which was named Szerbszentpéter-német ( German Serbsanktpeter ) and later Ujszentpeter ( New Saint Peter ). The Serb community was on Serbsanktpeter and later Nagyszentpeter ( Great Saint Peter renamed).

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, which also included Grand Saint Peter, fell to Romania.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. In the autumn of 1944, 180 people from Grand Saint Peter fled westwards. Most of them never came back. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . 75 people were abducted from Grand St. Peter. The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods.

1930-1940 Romanian families from Igriș and Șeitin settled in the village, in 1945 Romanian families from Transylvania and Dobruja joined them. Sânpetru Mare after the Second World War by the merger of the predominantly Serb Great Saint Peter (Velica Szent-Peter) and by Germans, now inhabited mainly by Romanians Neusanktpeter .

Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.

etymology

  • 1333 - Sancto Petro
  • 1434 - Zenthpeter
  • 1558 - Velica Szent-Peter
  • 1559–1564 - Nagy – Zenthpetere, Naghzenthpeter, Nagyzenpeter
  • 1618 - Zentpetar
  • 1655 - Szent Peter
  • 1690 - Racczenthpeter
  • 1741 - Ratz St. Peter
  • 1828 - scene Peter
  • 1913 - Nagyszentpeter
  • 1945 - Sânpetru Mare

Cultural life

On September 9th, 1809 the first pastor Stefan Novak began his service in the newly built church. In the same year a new school house was built. A German school had existed since 1796. As a result of the emigration to Germany and Austria, the number of German children decreased, so that there has been no German school and no German kindergarten since the 1980s.

Tourist attraction

The nature reserve at the Maroschtal is a tourist attraction . In 2004, an area of ​​17,166 ha on the territory of the Timiș and Arad counties was declared a nature reserve by decree in order to protect rare bird species and tree populations threatened with extinction. In 2006, the forest was significantly increased by replanting and a rest area was set up.

See also

literature

  • Franz Lux and Peter Tasch: Home book of the communities Neu- and Groß-Sankt Peter , Menden 1980.
  • Franz Lux: Photo book Neu- und Groß-Sankt Peter im Banat , Karlsruhe, 1994 Franz Lux and Peter Kleemann.
  • Franz Lux: family book of the cath. Parish of Neu- and Groß-St. Peter (Raaz-St. Peter) in the Banat until 1852 , Working Group of Danube Swabian Family Researchers, 1997.
  • Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe Munich, Munich 2011, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)