Birda

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Birda
Birda does not have a coat of arms
Birda (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Banat
Circle : Timiș
Coordinates : 45 ° 26 '  N , 21 ° 21'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 25 '47 "  N , 21 ° 20' 36"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 92.5  m
Area : 68.67  km²
Residents : 1,846 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 27 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 307187
Telephone code : (+40) 02 56
License plate : TM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Birda, Berecuṭa , Mânăstire , Sângeorge
Mayor : Gheorghe Marius Stoian ( PSD )
Postal address : Str. Principală, no. 110
loc. Birda, jud. Timiș, RO-307187
Website :
Location of Birda in Timiș County
Birda on the Josephine land survey (1769–1772)
The monastery "Saint George" in Birda

Birda ( German and Hungarian also Birda ) is a municipality in Timiș County , in the Banat region , in southwest Romania . The villages of Berecuṭa , Mânăstire and Sângeorge belong to the municipality of Birda .

Geographical location

Birda is on the national road DN 52 and on the Timișoara – Reșița railway line. The place is located in the southeast of the Timiș County, 43 kilometers from the district capital Timișoara ( Timisoara ) and 56 kilometers from Reșița ( Reschitza ). Birda is 92.5 meters above sea level.

Neighboring places

Voiteg favorite Tormac
Deta Neighboring communities Gătaia
Denta Jamu Mare Clopodia

history

Birda was first mentioned in 1690 as a place with a Romanian and Slavic population. The settlement with Germans in Birda only took place after the completion of the Swabian Plateau through internal migrations in the Banat. Most of the German immigrants came from Liebling, 18 kilometers away, and were of Protestant faith. Likewise, settlers came from Mezőberény , today's Békés county . Other immigrants came from Kleinschemlack , Harta , Jarek , from the Zips , from Butin , Torschau , Clopodia , Vadkert, Rittberg, Altker , Werbass and from Franzfeld .

On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three parts as a result of the Treaty of Trianon . The largest, eastern part, to which Birda also belonged, fell to Romania.

As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work . 65 people from Birda were affected by the deportation, nine of them never returned.

The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods.

On June 18, 1951, the deportation to the Bărăgan steppe took place regardless of ethnicity. To this end, the Romanian government drafted a plan to cleanse the border area with Yugoslavia "from politically unreliable elements". When the Bărăgan displaced people returned home in 1956, they got back the houses and farms that had been expropriated in 1945, but the land ownership was collectivized . 76 people from Birda were deported to the Bărăgan steppe.

The community of Birda emerged from the small town of Gătaia (Gattaja) since 2004 .

economy

Agriculture was the main industry in the municipality of Birda . The farms were mainly engaged in the cultivation of maize , wheat , barley , rye and oats . Over the years the cultivation of special crops such as B. tobacco , hemp , paprika , melons , sugar beets , soybeans , sunflowers , alfalfa and other types of clover are added.

At craftsmen were masons, Wagner, blacksmiths, carpenters, oil presser, barbers, shoemakers, carpenters, tailors, saddlers, chimney sweep, Seiler, Leineweber, Müller, Spengler and butchers were added later still fitters, electricians, and hatters.

The community also had two inns and a grocery store .

Cultural life

The parish of Birda belonged to the mining district of the Protestant Hungarian church until the First World War . Since Birda was attached to Romania after the Treaty of Trianon , the community decided in 1922 to join the Transylvanian regional church . As early as 1854 there was a house of prayer in Birda. The present church was given its intended purpose in 1907.

There were school lessons in Birda as early as 1842, but the lessons took place in a residential building. Thanks to generous donations from the villagers, the school building was completed in 1862. After the completion of the new church in 1907, the former prayer house was converted into a school.

literature

Web links

Commons : Birda, Timiș  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania at citypopulation.de
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7
  4. ↑ Wilhelm Weber : And above us the endless blue sky. Deportation to the Baragansteppe in 1951. Documentation , Landsmannschaft der Banater Schwaben , Munich 1998, ISBN 3-00002-932-X , pages = 399
  5. ↑ Information from the Romanian Parliament accessed on September 9, 2018 (Romanian)