Backi Jarak
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Бачки Јарак Bački Jarak Jármos |
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| Basic data | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State : | Serbia | ||||
| Province : | Vojvodina | ||||
| Okrug : |
Južna Bačka |
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| Opština : | Temerin | ||||
| Coordinates : | 45 ° 22 ' N , 19 ° 52' E | ||||
| Height : | 83 m. i. J. | ||||
| Residents : | 6,049 (2002) | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+381) 021 | ||||
| Postal code : | 21234 | ||||
| License plate : | NS | ||||
Bački Jarak ( Serbian - Cyrillic Бачки Јарак , Hungarian Jármos , German Jarek ) is a place in the Okrug Južna Bačka in Vojvodina in Serbia . It belongs to the city of Temerin in the autonomous province of Vojvodina. Bački Jarak has a Serb majority, its population at the 2002 census was 6,049 people.
Surname
The name of the municipality is in Serbian and Croatian Bački Jarak (Бачки Јарак), sometimes also Mali Jarak (Мали Јарак) and Jarak (Јарак); in German Jarek , Batschki Jarak or Jarmosch ; in Hungarian Jármos or Tiszaistvánfalva .
The name comes from the Serbian word "jarak" (German "ditch"), the adjective "bački" refers to the Batschka region.
history
From 1267 to 1522 an estate with the name "Ireg" (meaning jump or ditch) was mentioned several times in documents. In 1787 the village of Jarek was founded as the last of the seven Josephine settlements near 80 families with around 300 people. During the third “ Schwabenzuges ” (1782–1787), the settlers came mainly from southern Germany, from Hesse, the Electoral Palatinate, the Palatinate, Alsace and from Baden and Württemberg. In 1796 Temerin and Jarek were bought by Count Nikolaus and Alexander Szecheny for 80,000 guilders. On August 31, 1848, Jarek was set on fire by insurgents and burned down completely, only the outer walls of the church remained. In the following years the place was rebuilt. At the beginning of the 20th century, more than 2000 Germans, 47 Hungarians and two Serbs lived in Jarek.
On October 7th and 8th, 1944, as a result of the war, almost the entire population fled back to their old homeland in horse-drawn carts and on trucks of the withdrawing German Wehrmacht .
Jarek camp
An internment camp was set up in December 1944 in the village, which was abandoned by its residents. From December 4, 1944 until the camp was closed in April 1946, between 15,000 and 17,000 people were interned here, mainly German Danube Swabians and Hungarians. About 7,000 of them lost their lives to hunger, disease and murder by Tito's partisans and were buried in mass graves. A memorial has been commemorating this crime and their fate since 2017.
Hometown community
After fleeing in 1944, the Jarekers were scattered all over the world. Most of them resettled in Germany and Austria. In order to maintain the connection with each other and the memory of the Danube Swabian homeland, the hometown community Jarek was founded soon after the war , represented by a local committee that meets regularly. In order to give the former Jarek people a place where they can meet again, the Beuren community in Baden-Württemberg took over the sponsorship of the former Jarek community in 1987. A “Jareker Platz” with a fountain and memorial stone was created at the entrance to the new cemetery, and a Jareker meeting takes place once a year in Beuren.
Magdalena Müller, the grandmother of the Austrian Chancellor Sebastian Kurz , comes from Jarek and was expelled with her family at the end of the war .
Residents
Population numbers
| year | 1891 | 1900 | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2002 | 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 2,326 | 2.173 | 2,438 | 2,544 | 3,362 | 3,858 | 5,396 | 5,426 | 6,049 | 6,596 |
Population groups
(2002 census)
| nationality | people | % |
| Serbs | 5,838 | 96.51 |
| Hungary | 43 | 0.71 |
| Croatians | 30th | 0.49 |
| Yugoslavs | 22nd | 0.36 |
| Russians | 13 | 0.21 |
| Macedonians | 11 | 0.18 |
| Slovaks | 10 | 0.16 |
| German | 7th | 0.11 |
| Other | 75 | 1.24 |
See also
literature
- Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine , Novi Sad, 1996.
Web links
- Homepage of the hometown parish Jarek
- Census of Serbia 2002 (English; PDF; 370 kB) ( Memento from March 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Michael Martens : Memorial for Germans killed in Serbia . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of May 8, 2017, p. 4.
- ↑ Serbia breaks the taboo on the fate of the Danube Swabians . In: Welt Online, May 6, 2017, accessed May 7, 2017
- ↑ Inauguration of the memorial in Jarek / Vojvodina , accessed on June 2, 2017.
- ↑ KOSMO editorial team: Sebastian Kurz's grandmother comes from a small town in Vojvodina - KOSMO . In: KOSMO . January 23, 2018 ( kosmo.at [accessed February 6, 2018]).